This is the presentation I gave yesterday about the excellent Austroads Bridge Conference I attended in Melbourne to the DownerMouchel Senior Management Team and my colleagues.
Evaluating logistical challenges of offshore module transportationMerrylyn Yeo
The logistical challenges of offshore module transportation are indeed significant, to say the least. Find out how to deal with these challenges – from planning during module design stage all the way to engineering and risk management.
PowerLogistics Asia 2014 - Combining Experience, Know - How & Equipment - Jon...PowerLift Events
www.powerlogisticsasia.com is an annual project logistics event which is taking place in Singapore. The event brings together the heavy transport and lifting industry that is catering to the oil, gas, heavy engineering, power, mining and other related industries. It offers a great opportunity for participants to hold up the flag in the South East Asian project cargo market. It comprises of educational workshops, conferences, seminars and an exhibition.
www.powerlogisticsasia.com
Assessment of the Main Challenges in the Construction and Operation of Malacc...Dinusha Liyanage
Since, past two decades, the steady growth of liner shipping trade has resulted in the expansion of carry capacity in container ships. On the port side, global terminal operators and dedicated container terminals are
emerging .On carrier side, shipping companies form consortia and alliances.
Malacca-Max series bring the economic benefit for the owners. However, it is creating not only technical challenges for classification societies, ship builders and ship designers, but also operational challenges for port and
terminal operators. The aim of this research is to identify the main challenges in construction & operation of a Malacca-Max container carrier.
The infrastructural constraints in Malacca-Max series are deepening of the access channels and harbour basin of certain ports. Certain ports will not be able to maintain required draught, 21-metre. The operational challenges are
the development of automated handling system and high speed gantry cranes in terminals for ship output in minimum port time, which should be less than twenty four hours . Apart from that, the construction of container
terminals with quay walls, a berth length of 450 meter and a 21 meter draught ,and ICT control systems, reliable transport network with feeder ship, railways and inland barges are operational challenges for port and terminal
operators.
With the arrival of Malacca-Max series, more traffic can be expected. Thus it is necessary to have more storage premises including more yard and warehouse and crane facility. Moreover, the landside development with
interconnection between rail, road and ships are essential. Therefore goods shall be moved quickly through storage areas and the yards to avoid congestion. The automated terminal is an obvious solution in these issues.
Evaluating logistical challenges of offshore module transportationMerrylyn Yeo
The logistical challenges of offshore module transportation are indeed significant, to say the least. Find out how to deal with these challenges – from planning during module design stage all the way to engineering and risk management.
PowerLogistics Asia 2014 - Combining Experience, Know - How & Equipment - Jon...PowerLift Events
www.powerlogisticsasia.com is an annual project logistics event which is taking place in Singapore. The event brings together the heavy transport and lifting industry that is catering to the oil, gas, heavy engineering, power, mining and other related industries. It offers a great opportunity for participants to hold up the flag in the South East Asian project cargo market. It comprises of educational workshops, conferences, seminars and an exhibition.
www.powerlogisticsasia.com
Assessment of the Main Challenges in the Construction and Operation of Malacc...Dinusha Liyanage
Since, past two decades, the steady growth of liner shipping trade has resulted in the expansion of carry capacity in container ships. On the port side, global terminal operators and dedicated container terminals are
emerging .On carrier side, shipping companies form consortia and alliances.
Malacca-Max series bring the economic benefit for the owners. However, it is creating not only technical challenges for classification societies, ship builders and ship designers, but also operational challenges for port and
terminal operators. The aim of this research is to identify the main challenges in construction & operation of a Malacca-Max container carrier.
The infrastructural constraints in Malacca-Max series are deepening of the access channels and harbour basin of certain ports. Certain ports will not be able to maintain required draught, 21-metre. The operational challenges are
the development of automated handling system and high speed gantry cranes in terminals for ship output in minimum port time, which should be less than twenty four hours . Apart from that, the construction of container
terminals with quay walls, a berth length of 450 meter and a 21 meter draught ,and ICT control systems, reliable transport network with feeder ship, railways and inland barges are operational challenges for port and terminal
operators.
With the arrival of Malacca-Max series, more traffic can be expected. Thus it is necessary to have more storage premises including more yard and warehouse and crane facility. Moreover, the landside development with
interconnection between rail, road and ships are essential. Therefore goods shall be moved quickly through storage areas and the yards to avoid congestion. The automated terminal is an obvious solution in these issues.
Best Knowledge Sharing presententation on the SPE's HSE Conferanse 2010.
During a full scale test of a freefall lifeboat on a permanent production installation offshore Norway in June 2005, weaknesses in the superstructure was experienced. The lifeboat had been type approved by Norwegian authorities, based on design and testing requirements in international codes. As a result of the discovery, The Norwegian Oil Industry Association - OLF, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a full investigation of all 16 freefall lifeboat types on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). During a four year programme of investigations, tests and analysis, several weaknesses have been disclosed. The outcome of the Norwegian Lifeboat project (LBP) has lead to proposed remedial actions for existing lifeboats and the development of a new standard for future freefall lifeboats. The project has been carried out in co-operation with unions, lifeboat manufacturers and authorities. It has been a unique life boat review project, and has reduced the risk of a potential evacuation situation offshore.
Future fast track model for new road over bridge spanning over railway yard- ...Rajesh Prasad
Implementation of 4 lane cable stayed road over bridge is nearing completion. It is felt that it could be a future fast track model for construction of ROB over busy railway yard in India
Best Knowledge Sharing presententation on the SPE's HSE Conferanse 2010.
During a full scale test of a freefall lifeboat on a permanent production installation offshore Norway in June 2005, weaknesses in the superstructure was experienced. The lifeboat had been type approved by Norwegian authorities, based on design and testing requirements in international codes. As a result of the discovery, The Norwegian Oil Industry Association - OLF, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a full investigation of all 16 freefall lifeboat types on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). During a four year programme of investigations, tests and analysis, several weaknesses have been disclosed. The outcome of the Norwegian Lifeboat project (LBP) has lead to proposed remedial actions for existing lifeboats and the development of a new standard for future freefall lifeboats. The project has been carried out in co-operation with unions, lifeboat manufacturers and authorities. It has been a unique life boat review project, and has reduced the risk of a potential evacuation situation offshore.
Future fast track model for new road over bridge spanning over railway yard- ...Rajesh Prasad
Implementation of 4 lane cable stayed road over bridge is nearing completion. It is felt that it could be a future fast track model for construction of ROB over busy railway yard in India
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
BRIDGE DESIGN SEMINAR COLOMBO 2016 TOPIC 1 ES UN BUEN GUIA EN ATLAS DE TODO TIPO DE PUENTES QUE HAY EN EL MUNDO MUY BUENO ESTA GUIA PARA TODO INGENIERO CIVIL
2015 Excellence in Infrastructure SubmissionsAutodesk AEC
Want some inspiration before you submit your project to the 2016 AEC Excellence Awards? Check out the incredible submissions from last year's competition!
Investigation on the Existing Geometry of Pathein Suspension Bridgeijtsrd
Pathein Suspension Bridge constructed across Pathein River completed in 2004 is a single-span suspension bridge The region has soft alluvial ground According to 2012 bridge inspection report, Current Situation and Issues of Myanmars Bridge Work, this suspension bridge had lost a great deal of camber since completion And also it is found that there are some problems such as movement of anchor block, tilting tower In this study, investigations on the existing of Pathein suspension bridge are presented by using 3D laser scanner, and site surveying According to the investigation results, it is found that all towers are inclined towards river and the maximum inclination occurs the downstream tower of Chaungthar side The downstream main cable sag is lower than the upstream one Most hangers are inclined towards Pathein side and the maximum inclination degree occurs at middle portion The existing truss profile is very different from as per drawing and all truss nodes are under the horizontal surface Therefore seismic risk assessment and disaster mitigation plan for unexpected future severe earthquake should be developed Win Bo | Khin Maung Zaw | Kyaw Kyaw "Investigation on the Existing Geometry of Pathein Suspension Bridge" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18436.pdf
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. About the Conference
Delegates
The conference attracted a large number of specialists in the field of Bridge
Engineering and attracted around 500 delegates.
The conference brought together world leaders in the field of Bridge
Engineeringand included:
• Road Authorities
• Rail Authorities
• Public Works Departments
• TransportAgencies
• Local GovernmentAuthorities
• Engineering Consultants
2
• Engineering Consultants
• Academia
• Suppliers
• Contractors
• Bridge Designers
• BridgeBuilders
• Bridge Asset Managers
ABC 2017 was an important conference for those involved in the engineering
world and included the following:
• High level Australian and International presenters from a wide
variety of backgrounds
• Discussion panels with question and answer sessions
encouragingaudienceinteraction
• A unique opportunity to network with many of the world’s leaders
in bridge engineeringHOSTED BY
3. Eric Boothman – Senior Bridge InspectorEric Boothman – Senior Bridge Inspector
I will be presenting the following:
Keynote Speaker Dr Michel Virlogeux
Design of the New Nepean River Pedestrian Bridge at Penrith
Bridge condition inspections using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A Trial
Project
Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge over Merri Creek
for New Class Trams and Road Vehicle Loadings
3
4. About Dr Michel Virlogeux
Dr Michel Virlogeux is a French structural engineer and bridge specialist
During twenty years he designed more than 100 bridges, including
the Normandy Bridge which held the world record for longest cable-stayed
bridge for four years.
Several of his bridges have received architectural awards while he has received
many international awards
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5. Pont de Normandie
5
856m main span held the world record for longest
cable-stayed bridge for four years
6. Vasco da Gama Bridge in
Lisbon is the longest bridge in Europe
with a total length of 12.3 kilometres
6
7. Millau Viaduct in France
The bridge has been consistently ranked as one of the
great engineering achievements of all time
7
It is the tallest bridge in the world with one mast's summit at 343 metres above the
base of the structure
8. At 322m the bridge is the tallest suspension bridge
in the world. The main span is 1,408m.
Yavuz Sultan Salim bridge in Turkey
8
The bridge is one of the world's widest suspension bridges at 58.5m
and carries four motorway lanes and one railway line in each direction
9. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
Joe Turner - Senior Bridge Engineer, BG&E Pty Ltd and Kjetil Undheim
- Structural Engineer, BG&E Pty Ltd
Introduction
The shared path bridge over the Nepean River, also referred to as the Nepean River
Bridge (NRB), is a shared pedestrian and cycle bridge over the Nepean River at
Penrith. Community members campaigned for a safer crossing over the Nepean
River for pedestrians and cyclists as the current path on Victoria Bridge has no
barrier between the narrow footpath and road traffic. The main span comprises a
200m span steel truss, to be constructed using a node‐by‐node incremental
launching method developed by BG&E.
9
‐ ‐
launching method developed by BG&E.
The truss structure is fabricated from circular hollow sections ranging from 750 to
1450mm in diameter rolled and welded using the submerged arc welding method.
The truss is triangular in cross section and is 13m high, a 4.6m shared path is set
within the structure.
The bridge is subject to some of the biggest flood loads in NSW with stream
velocities in the order of 7m/s in the 2000 ARI event. This proved to be challenging
when designing for flood forces on a structure of this size and called for detailed
structural analysis.
At the time of writing this article, the bridge is under construction.
10. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
10
Figure 1. 3D visualisation of the Nepean River footbridge
11. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
11
Construction of the eastern abutment and concrete work
12. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
Fast facts
• Main span length – 200 metres
• Overall bridge deck length – 257 metres
• Overall length of shared path – 455 metres
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• Truss width – 8 metres
• Truss height – 13.5 metres
• Steel tonnage of truss – 485 tonnes
• Steel tonnage of deck – 155 tonnes
• Estimated cost of the bridge - $49 million
13. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
BG&E’s winning bid proposed to incrementally launch the concept curved truss from
the eastern bank by using a method never seen before in Australia. Node‐by‐node
launching involves using movable supports on tracks (or skates on rails) that pass
each node of the truss forward while only ever supporting the truss in 4 locations.
13
Two launching stages showing temporary pier tables and launching supports in red
14. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
RMS and BG&E have delivered the design of the Nepean River Footbridge,
which will be the longest main span footbridge in Australia when completed.
Complex 3 dimensional modelling and analysis allowed the design team to realize the true
behavior of the indeterminate truss structure during construction and in service. The bridge
untreated is prone to footfall induced vibration. A detailed study was undertaken to design tuned
mass dampers to ensure the end user can have a pleasant experience and the bridge would not
have fatigue issues in the future.
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Sectional model in the wind tunnel
15. Design of the Nepean River Bridge
Conclusions:
Fully coordinated 3D models in Revit helped ensure the structure and its components for many
disciplines. Not only did the models make the documentation process more streamline, they help
visualize and space-proof the structure for maintenance and construction activities.
The collaborative effort between the industry stakeholders, BG&E and RMS will ensure
successful delivery of the landmark infrastructure.
15
16. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Ronald Hawken, Tom Nguyen and Jonathan Ivanyi Team Leader, VicRoads
Asset Services – Technology and Asset Bridge Engineer, VicRoads Asset
Services – Technology and Asset Director, Guava Insights
Introduction
VicRoads manages a significant number of structures where access for inspection is difficult due
to height, length and the obstacle being crossed; for example deep water. In order to gain access
for close-up visual inspection of these structures, the normal procedure has been to use an
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for close-up visual inspection of these structures, the normal procedure has been to use an
underbridge access unit or a boat, both of which are potentially hazardous, time-consuming and
costly. In order to address some of the limitations of conventional bridge inspection methods, an
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to inspect a bridge in VicRoads North Eastern Region
in 2015.
Building on this trial, a series of three trial UAV inspections was conducted in June 2016 in order
to further investigate and develop the accuracy, effectiveness and safety of UAV inspections. The
trial inspections used different UAV equipment on four bridges located in VicRoads North Eastern
Region. Evaluation of the results of the trial UAV inspections suggests that using UAVs for bridge
inspections is a safe, compliant and cost-effective methodology that can be used to conduct
visual inspections and as an aid to more detailed investigations.
17. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
For visual inspections where access is difficult and the inspector cannot inspect a structure in the
normal way from ground-level or the deck, options for access include:
Ladders and/or scaffold;
Boats or pontoons;
Underbridge inspection units;
Scissor lifts or cherry pickers;
Binoculars and/or zoom photography; and
17
These options often require detailed pre-inspection planning, and may require costly traffic
management. Not all methods are suitable at every bridge site; the bridge may not be capable of
sustaining the weight of an underbridge access platform or the terrain may not be suitable for
supporting a scissor lift.
Initial enquiries revealed that VicRoads was deemed by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) to
be a commercial organisation and as such needed to obtain a UAV Controller Certificate and a UAV
Operator’s Certificate.
As it is difficult to quantify the actual cost of equipment, training, maintenance/upgrades and
insurance for an organisation undertaking part-time UAV operations, VicRoads considered it to be
more viable to conduct inspections in partnership with an accredited operator.
18. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Potentially Hazardous Inspection Methods:
18
Hoover Dam Bridge Inspection Inspection of Victoria Bridge at Penrith
using a barge and EWP
19. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Case Studies:
19
Broken Creek at the time of the UAV/ROV trial
(Note lower water level – however it was still not possible
to access all spans)
Broken Creek at time of the previous inspection
20. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Case Studies:
20
Koetong Creek from UAV. Rusting on beams and bearings.
21. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)
21
Figure 3. UAV. Figure 4. ROV.
Figure 7. Controls for camera. Figure 8. Pilot requires line of sight to UAV.
22. Bridge condition inspections using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A trial project
Conclusions:
The following conclusions were drawn from the initial trial
• The standard of images achieved using UAVs and ROVs equipped with standard cameras was
acceptable for use in conjunction with Monitor inspections. Very fine cracks and spider webs were
sometimes indistinguishable, however, medium or heavier cracks were easily identified.
• UAVs were capable of flying in poor weather but camera and lighting equipment was susceptible
to moisture, and operations in adverse conditions were limited to positions under the bridge.
• Additional lighting is required in overcast conditions, which adds weight to the UAV and reduces
22
• Additional lighting is required in overcast conditions, which adds weight to the UAV and reduces
battery life between charges;
• ROVs produced good results when operated on still water despite the distance between the
water surface and the bridge soffit;
• Quality of image was dependent on the focal length of the camera lens – i.e. the magnifying
power of the lens at full zoom;
• Equipment was interchangeable with the UAV;
• Set up time for the UAV was quick;
• Traffic management was not required although some pedestrian signage was required in an
urban area where people had access to the water’s edge;
• The use of drones generated some local interest.
23. Downer Drones in Test Trials with NSW
Ambulance Saving time, money and
keeping everyone safe
23
Demonstrating thought leadership, the EC&M team in Hexham is helping to solve one of our
customer’s key challenges which is to safely audit remote radio transmitter towers. In the final
stages of trial testing, new technology in the form of Drones is set to deliver a safe, smart, cost
effective solution to audit and assess remote radio transmitters.
24. Possible Candidates for a DownerMouchel
Drone trial:
24
Knapsack Viaduct at Lapstone, designed and built in 1865 under the direction of John Whitton.
The contractor W. Watkins also completed the stone piers of the Victoria Bridge at Penrith as part
of the railway project. The bridge was constructed of sandstone quarried in the neighbourhood.
25. Possible Candidates for a DownerMouchel
Drone trial:
25
Victoria Bridge in Penrith, completed in 1867 under the supervision of John Whitton, the
Engineer–in–Chief of NSW Government Railways. The bridge initially carried rail and
horse-drawn traffic and was converted in 1907 to exclusively carry the Great Western Highway.
26. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch
Bridge over Merri Creek for New Class Trams and
Road Vehicle Loadings
Armin Shoghi and Armando Giufre Senior Project Integration Engineer,
VicRoads, Metro North West Bridge Operations Engineer, VicRoads,
Metro North West
26
High Street Bridge over Merri Creek, City of Darebin (Melbourne).
27. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch
Bridge over Merri Creek for New Class Trams
and Road Vehicle Loadings
Introduction
This paper reports on a comprehensive investigation of the High Street Bridge over Merri Creek in
Melbourne to determine its condition, load capacity and rating for trams and road vehicles.
The High Street Bridge is a masonry arch structure with an overall length of 45m and width of
17.3m. The original bridge was constructed around 1875 and was subsequently widened to its
present width in 1890. The bridge’s main structural elements comprise two brick barrel arches,
each 18.5m in span. The arches carry external brick spandrel walls, and parallel internal brick
27
each 18.5m in span. The arches carry external brick spandrel walls, and parallel internal brick
buttress walls. The arches and walls retain internal fill. The walls also support bluestone deck
slabs upon which the pavement is laid. The pier and abutments supporting the arches are of
bluestone masonry; these in turn are supported on concrete footings.
Recently, new class trams (of which the E1-Class being the heaviest and longest) have been
introduced on a number of Melbourne’s tram routes.
No recent load capacity assessment of the bridge had been carried out and while the bridge
appears to be in good condition, under VicRoads’ policy any proposed changes to a structure’s
function and/or performance standards requires that a review of its condition and load capacity be
undertaken.
28. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge
Figure 2: W7 Class Tram (14.2m long)
28
Figure 2: W7 Class Tram (14.2m long)
Figure 3: E1 Class Tram (33.5m long)
29. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge
Bridge Assessment
The key issues to be addressed for this bridge were identified as:
(a) Bridge Information:
• Limited and conflicting existing documentation.
• No information on design loadings.
• Uncertainty with as-built structural details (particularly within the arch/spandrel walls and
deck cavity) and actual masonry properties.
• Very limited geotechnical information.
29
(b) Structural Assessment Methodology:
• Selection of an appropriate assessment methodology.
(c) AS5100 Bridge Code requirements:
• Limited information of assessment of masonry arches
• Limited guidance on tram loadings
• Assessment Parameters: Live Loadings: (guidance on tram/road vehicle load combinations,
ULS load factors for trams, ALF’s , MPF’s, DLA, concurrency, assumptions where limited bridge
documentation available)
• Consideration of other (overseas) codes appropriate to the assessment of masonry arches
30. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge
30
High Street Bridge over Merri Creek (Elevation)
31. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge
Bridge Condition (Superstructure and Substructure)
All major components were found to have a Condition Rating between 1 and 2 in
accordance with the criteria specified in the VicRoads Road Structures Inspection
Manual. This means that the components were found to be in good condition and any
defects were of a minor nature only; i.e.
• No defects were found to require maintenance works within the next 2 years.
• No components were found to require urgent rectification due to any structurally
critical defect.
31
critical defect.
• Most components have evidence of small defects that would be typical of a structure
with a similar age and subjected to the same load conditions.
• Common defects found were small mortar losses in external and internal brickwork
and efflorescence within bridge superstructure, most which do not require any action.
• Bridge monitoring should be conducted to monitor the cracks (i.e. stable or live?) in
the pier and north abutment.
• Erosion of clay within drainage down pipe and surrounding masonry was found at the
drainage outlets on the underside of the structure.
32. Assessment of the High Street Masonry Arch Bridge
Conclusions
VicRoads required that new as-built drawings be prepared (as an output of the inspection and survey),
where actual details significantly differ from those in the existing drawings. This was requested
because the information available in the bridge drawings is limited and inconsistent.
Site measurements and observations indeed confirmed that numerous differences exist and that new
as-built drawings have had to be prepared.
Survey: A 3D scan of the bridge has also been undertaken in order to provide an accurate 3D model of
32
Survey: A 3D scan of the bridge has also been undertaken in order to provide an accurate 3D model of
the overall bridge. From this model invaluable spatial data can be extracted for observation and
ongoing monitoring of any deformations and settlements.
The results from the bridge load rating analysis indicate that the majority of the arch has adequate
capacity for the existing and new road and tram vehicles. However, over the clay filled segment of the
arch, there is some uncertainty as to the internal structural composition of the bridge. Hence, further
investigations are being considered to determine if the tram track slab is supported by an additional
structural component (e.g. another buttress wall) or if it lies directly on the clay.
The outcome of this investigation will show if strengthening of this section of the
arch will be necessary.
33. Masonry Arch Bridges within the
DownerMouchel Network – West Zone
33
Lansdowne Bridge was built by convicts during 1834-35 under the direction of David Lennox. It is
considered to be one of the finest examples of Colonial Architecture in Australia. The sandstone
arch has the largest span of any surviving masonry bridge in Australia and the size, appearance
and durability of this bridge make it an outstanding example of colonial engineering.
34. Masonry Arch Bridges within the
DownerMouchel Network – North Zone
34
Lennox Bridge at Parramatta was also designed and built under the direction of David Lennox,
the first Colonial Superintendent of Bridges using convict labour between 1836 to 1839.
35. Thank you for listening and allowing us to attend the Austroads Bridge Conference
35