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Audience Reception
Encoding Decoding Model
What is audience reception?
• Audiences receive and respond to texts very
differently. The different effects generate varied
responses.
• It is a way to characterise and group together
different audience (consumer) interpretations.
• Audience reception = the way we react
Encoding Decoding Theory
• Stuart Hall, 1973
• Producers encode meaning/ideology into texts, which
audiences decode
• Audiences are active in their interpretations and can
accept/reject the producers message.
• ENCODE : meaning, ideology
• DECODE : ???
Encoding Decoding Model
Producers
‘ENCODE’
Put meaning
into a text
THE TEXT
(Music Videos,
Adverts, TV,
Film)
Audiences
‘DECODE’
Take meaning
out of the text
Encoding Decoding Theory
• Texts can be decoded by body language to understand
emotion/relationships.
• They have multiple meanings and can be decoded in various
ways. The messages can mean something different to different
people.
Encoding Decoding Theory
• Preferred Reading – audiences agree and accept what the
producers are encoding
• Negotiated Reading – audiences partially agree with the
encoded messages
• Oppositional Reading – audiences reject/disagree or decode
the text differently
Age, Gender, Cultural Experiences
David Morley
Audience Readings –
Macdonald’s Advert
• Preferred Reading
• Intended to encourage feelings of
hunger and desire. Audiences will
recall these feelings when passing by
the big chain and want to buy some
food
• Negotiated Reading
• Audiences will enjoy eating the
products, but those who are health-
conscious may respond with
annoyance, but understand eating
products once a month isn’t damaging.
Audience Readings – The
Teletubbies 1997
• Oppositional Reading
• “He is purple – the gay
pride colour; and his
antenna is shaped like a
triangle – the gay-pride
symbol.”
• “Tinky Winky also carries a
magic pink bag”
• “Modeling the gay lifestyle
is damaging to the moral
lives of children”
Audience Reading Activity
Think about how the mis-en-scene may have an impact…
Encoding Decoding Music
Videos
• Managers encode artists (i.e. The Spice Girls, The Pussycat
Dolls, JLS) with specific ideology.
This is ultimately to increase financial gain.
• The target audience will always have a preferred reading.
They accept all messages and decode the text in the way that
was intended.
• Usually the secondary audience will decode a negotiated
reading.
• Parents/audiences who hate the music genre will have an
oppositional reading.
Encoding Decoding Music
Videos
• Think about how the producers have encoded the music video
and how it may be decoded.
• What would be a preferred reading of the text? Why?
• What would be a negotiated reading of the text? Why?
• What would be a oppositional reading of the text? Why?
• What is your reading of the text? Why?
Blog Task
• What is audience theory?
• What is Hall’s Encoding Decoding Model? Provide
examples of how one may decode pictures
differently.
• Discuss Morley’s audience reception theory and
use the advert examples we discussed
• How is the Encoding Decoding Model relevant to
music videos? Discuss the three readings in
relation to two music videos.
Choose a genre/artist you like/a genre/artist you
don’t like.

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Audience reception thery

  • 2. What is audience reception? • Audiences receive and respond to texts very differently. The different effects generate varied responses. • It is a way to characterise and group together different audience (consumer) interpretations. • Audience reception = the way we react
  • 3. Encoding Decoding Theory • Stuart Hall, 1973 • Producers encode meaning/ideology into texts, which audiences decode • Audiences are active in their interpretations and can accept/reject the producers message. • ENCODE : meaning, ideology • DECODE : ???
  • 4. Encoding Decoding Model Producers ‘ENCODE’ Put meaning into a text THE TEXT (Music Videos, Adverts, TV, Film) Audiences ‘DECODE’ Take meaning out of the text
  • 5. Encoding Decoding Theory • Texts can be decoded by body language to understand emotion/relationships. • They have multiple meanings and can be decoded in various ways. The messages can mean something different to different people.
  • 6. Encoding Decoding Theory • Preferred Reading – audiences agree and accept what the producers are encoding • Negotiated Reading – audiences partially agree with the encoded messages • Oppositional Reading – audiences reject/disagree or decode the text differently Age, Gender, Cultural Experiences David Morley
  • 7. Audience Readings – Macdonald’s Advert • Preferred Reading • Intended to encourage feelings of hunger and desire. Audiences will recall these feelings when passing by the big chain and want to buy some food • Negotiated Reading • Audiences will enjoy eating the products, but those who are health- conscious may respond with annoyance, but understand eating products once a month isn’t damaging.
  • 8. Audience Readings – The Teletubbies 1997 • Oppositional Reading • “He is purple – the gay pride colour; and his antenna is shaped like a triangle – the gay-pride symbol.” • “Tinky Winky also carries a magic pink bag” • “Modeling the gay lifestyle is damaging to the moral lives of children”
  • 9. Audience Reading Activity Think about how the mis-en-scene may have an impact…
  • 10. Encoding Decoding Music Videos • Managers encode artists (i.e. The Spice Girls, The Pussycat Dolls, JLS) with specific ideology. This is ultimately to increase financial gain. • The target audience will always have a preferred reading. They accept all messages and decode the text in the way that was intended. • Usually the secondary audience will decode a negotiated reading. • Parents/audiences who hate the music genre will have an oppositional reading.
  • 11. Encoding Decoding Music Videos • Think about how the producers have encoded the music video and how it may be decoded. • What would be a preferred reading of the text? Why? • What would be a negotiated reading of the text? Why? • What would be a oppositional reading of the text? Why? • What is your reading of the text? Why?
  • 12. Blog Task • What is audience theory? • What is Hall’s Encoding Decoding Model? Provide examples of how one may decode pictures differently. • Discuss Morley’s audience reception theory and use the advert examples we discussed • How is the Encoding Decoding Model relevant to music videos? Discuss the three readings in relation to two music videos. Choose a genre/artist you like/a genre/artist you don’t like.