Attainment of Cooperative objectives and the performance of officers in performing their Management Functions: A Case of Cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija
Cooperatives have brought significant contributions to uplift the lives of many individuals and to resolve problems related to financial, marketing and production. This study was conducted to determine whether the different registered cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija were attaining their objectives and whether the board of directors and officers were performing their duties and responsibilities by fulfilling their management functions. Furthermore, this study was conducted to determine the different constraints the cooperatives were facing that could affect their everyday operations. The researcher utilized the descriptive research design using a survey– questionnaire technique to gather the necessary information. Moreover, the researcher with the use of T–test determined whether there is a significant difference in the extent of attainment of the cooperative objectives, level of performance of the officers in performing their management functions and the constraints affecting the operations of the organizations based on the perceptions of the officials and the members of cooperatives. Findings have shown that the existing registered cooperatives in the city were able to attain their cooperative objectives to a very great extent. It has also been found out that the board of directors and officers were able to perform their management functions very satisfactory. On the other hand, the respondents perceived that the constraints affecting the operations of cooperatives were just minor problems. The two groups differ in their responses on the extent of attainment of their cooperative objectives and on the constraints affecting the operations of the cooperatives while both groups of respondents have the same perception as to the level of performance of the board of directors and officers in performing their management functions.
Operation of Higher Education Institution-Based Cooperatives in Nueva EcijaIJAEMSJORNAL
This study evaluated the operation of Higher Education Institution (HEI)-based cooperatives in Nueva Ecija. It described the cooperatives’ historical antecedents and different aspects of operation in terms of organization and management, market and marketing, production/technical and financial aspects. The study also identified the challenges and problems encountered by the cooperatives. The study employed the descriptive type of research and the respondents of the study were the general managers and members from two public and two private HEIs in Nueva Ecija. The result of the study revealed that HEI-based cooperatives are classified as credit, multi-purpose, consumer and housing cooperatives, all operating for more than two decades. All of the cooperatives have the same set of key officers who managed the operation of the organization. They used fliers, social media and public announcement to disseminate information. The cooperatives primarily offered cash loans and selling of various commodities. As to fund resources, cooperatives sourced out their fund through the share of a capital subscription among the members. Top problems encountered by the cooperatives include limited membership expansion, decreased volume of sales, difficulties in marketing loan packages to faculty members with high take-home pay, time management and availability of officers and slow retrieval of land titles from National Housing Authority (NHA). Recommendations offered to improve the operation of cooperatives are continuous enhancement of their operation through the integration of technology, additional personnel, new services and crafting new policies that will benefit more members of the cooperatives.
The document discusses performance management at a university. It defines performance management as a holistic process aimed at establishing a culture where individuals take responsibility for achieving high organizational performance through developing their own skills. Performance management ensures there is a shared understanding of goals at all levels and provides tools for management to develop staff and achieve the university's goals. It is designed to be strategic, integrated into the university's systems and policies, and developmental rather than punitive.
Task Environment and Organisational Responsiveness in Nigerian Banksijtsrd
This document discusses task environment and organizational responsiveness in Nigerian banks. It examines how Nigerian banks respond to challenges from their task environment, which includes customers, competitors, suppliers, and government policies. The document finds that the major forces influencing banks are customers, competitors and suppliers. Banks respond through strategies like planning, forecasting, changing their business domains, and lobbying. The task environment poses threats to banks' ability to provide financial services in Nigeria. Banks need strategies to leverage opportunities and counter threats from the environment, as well as mechanisms to gather relevant information and manage the dynamic nature of the environment.
Thinking about developing business leadership for the post covid worldYing wei (Joe) Chou
The document discusses the need to develop business leadership skills for the post-COVID world. It describes a model developed at Sacred Heart University's Center for Nonprofits that may provide students with the skills, attitudes and values required for successful social entrepreneurship. Over 15 years, 925 MBA students have completed 260 consulting projects for 125 nonprofit clients, totaling 65,000 volunteer hours and $60,000 in consulting services to help nonprofits. The model emphasizes developing students' "knowing," "doing," and "being" to prepare them for leadership in a world that demands both business acumen and social purpose.
This document is a project report submitted by Subhan Mohammad to fulfill the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines industrial relations at Oil Country Tubular Limited in India. It includes declarations, certificates of work, acknowledgements, and an outline of chapter contents. The introduction provides background on the history and meaning of industrial relations, and justification for studying this topic at Oil Country Tubular Limited. The research methodology outlines the objectives, scope, limitations, and data collection methods for the project, which involves surveying 100 employees to understand the current industrial relations systems, collective bargaining processes, grievance procedures, and impact on organizational efficiency.
Social Challenges of Industrial Relations: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Oil...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the
social challenges of Industrial Relations in Federal Polytechnic
Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria and to evaluate the
different Industrial Relations which were carried out in most
organizations. The research design was descriptive survey to
investigation and observed the proper Industrial Relations
Practices which were carried out in Oil and Gas companies
operating in the Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. It very
important for companies to avoid societal conflicts and
discontents, ensure industrial peace and harmony, as a result
of achieving better performance, at work place which
encourage productivity and growth. Human being are the
active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural
resources, build social, economical and political organizations
and carry forward national development.
The Effect of Change Management on Operational Excellence moderated by Commit...oon fok yew
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the relationship between change management factors (leadership style, human resource practices, and organizational culture) and operational excellence in the electrical and electronics industry in Malaysia. A survey was conducted of over 100 Malaysian manufacturing companies. The findings showed significant positive relationships between transformational leadership, human resource practices, and an involvement-oriented organizational culture trait with achieving operational excellence. The study also partially supported the moderating effect of employee commitment to change on the relationship between change management factors and operational excellence.
The document discusses obstacles to establishing an effective employee suggestion system from the perspective of employees at the Kermanshah Province Ministry of Education in Iran. It identifies four main categories of obstacles: managing obstacles, systemic obstacles, cultural/structural obstacles, and obstacles arising from employees. Through a survey of 195 employees, it finds that the most significant obstacles are a lack of exact evaluation of suggestions, insufficiently skilled staff on the evaluation committee, and failure to provide rewards for accepted suggestions (systemic obstacles). It also finds that lack of manager risk-taking, lack of manager belief in the suggestion system, and conflicts between management styles and the suggestion system are the most impactful managing obstacles.
Operation of Higher Education Institution-Based Cooperatives in Nueva EcijaIJAEMSJORNAL
This study evaluated the operation of Higher Education Institution (HEI)-based cooperatives in Nueva Ecija. It described the cooperatives’ historical antecedents and different aspects of operation in terms of organization and management, market and marketing, production/technical and financial aspects. The study also identified the challenges and problems encountered by the cooperatives. The study employed the descriptive type of research and the respondents of the study were the general managers and members from two public and two private HEIs in Nueva Ecija. The result of the study revealed that HEI-based cooperatives are classified as credit, multi-purpose, consumer and housing cooperatives, all operating for more than two decades. All of the cooperatives have the same set of key officers who managed the operation of the organization. They used fliers, social media and public announcement to disseminate information. The cooperatives primarily offered cash loans and selling of various commodities. As to fund resources, cooperatives sourced out their fund through the share of a capital subscription among the members. Top problems encountered by the cooperatives include limited membership expansion, decreased volume of sales, difficulties in marketing loan packages to faculty members with high take-home pay, time management and availability of officers and slow retrieval of land titles from National Housing Authority (NHA). Recommendations offered to improve the operation of cooperatives are continuous enhancement of their operation through the integration of technology, additional personnel, new services and crafting new policies that will benefit more members of the cooperatives.
The document discusses performance management at a university. It defines performance management as a holistic process aimed at establishing a culture where individuals take responsibility for achieving high organizational performance through developing their own skills. Performance management ensures there is a shared understanding of goals at all levels and provides tools for management to develop staff and achieve the university's goals. It is designed to be strategic, integrated into the university's systems and policies, and developmental rather than punitive.
Task Environment and Organisational Responsiveness in Nigerian Banksijtsrd
This document discusses task environment and organizational responsiveness in Nigerian banks. It examines how Nigerian banks respond to challenges from their task environment, which includes customers, competitors, suppliers, and government policies. The document finds that the major forces influencing banks are customers, competitors and suppliers. Banks respond through strategies like planning, forecasting, changing their business domains, and lobbying. The task environment poses threats to banks' ability to provide financial services in Nigeria. Banks need strategies to leverage opportunities and counter threats from the environment, as well as mechanisms to gather relevant information and manage the dynamic nature of the environment.
Thinking about developing business leadership for the post covid worldYing wei (Joe) Chou
The document discusses the need to develop business leadership skills for the post-COVID world. It describes a model developed at Sacred Heart University's Center for Nonprofits that may provide students with the skills, attitudes and values required for successful social entrepreneurship. Over 15 years, 925 MBA students have completed 260 consulting projects for 125 nonprofit clients, totaling 65,000 volunteer hours and $60,000 in consulting services to help nonprofits. The model emphasizes developing students' "knowing," "doing," and "being" to prepare them for leadership in a world that demands both business acumen and social purpose.
This document is a project report submitted by Subhan Mohammad to fulfill the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines industrial relations at Oil Country Tubular Limited in India. It includes declarations, certificates of work, acknowledgements, and an outline of chapter contents. The introduction provides background on the history and meaning of industrial relations, and justification for studying this topic at Oil Country Tubular Limited. The research methodology outlines the objectives, scope, limitations, and data collection methods for the project, which involves surveying 100 employees to understand the current industrial relations systems, collective bargaining processes, grievance procedures, and impact on organizational efficiency.
Social Challenges of Industrial Relations: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Oil...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the
social challenges of Industrial Relations in Federal Polytechnic
Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria and to evaluate the
different Industrial Relations which were carried out in most
organizations. The research design was descriptive survey to
investigation and observed the proper Industrial Relations
Practices which were carried out in Oil and Gas companies
operating in the Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. It very
important for companies to avoid societal conflicts and
discontents, ensure industrial peace and harmony, as a result
of achieving better performance, at work place which
encourage productivity and growth. Human being are the
active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural
resources, build social, economical and political organizations
and carry forward national development.
The Effect of Change Management on Operational Excellence moderated by Commit...oon fok yew
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the relationship between change management factors (leadership style, human resource practices, and organizational culture) and operational excellence in the electrical and electronics industry in Malaysia. A survey was conducted of over 100 Malaysian manufacturing companies. The findings showed significant positive relationships between transformational leadership, human resource practices, and an involvement-oriented organizational culture trait with achieving operational excellence. The study also partially supported the moderating effect of employee commitment to change on the relationship between change management factors and operational excellence.
The document discusses obstacles to establishing an effective employee suggestion system from the perspective of employees at the Kermanshah Province Ministry of Education in Iran. It identifies four main categories of obstacles: managing obstacles, systemic obstacles, cultural/structural obstacles, and obstacles arising from employees. Through a survey of 195 employees, it finds that the most significant obstacles are a lack of exact evaluation of suggestions, insufficiently skilled staff on the evaluation committee, and failure to provide rewards for accepted suggestions (systemic obstacles). It also finds that lack of manager risk-taking, lack of manager belief in the suggestion system, and conflicts between management styles and the suggestion system are the most impactful managing obstacles.
Common Problems Encountered by Selected Cooperatives in Cabanatuan City: Basi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims to determine the common problems encountered by selected cooperatives in Cabanatuan City. The researcher used the descriptive research method in this study. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents are 41-50 years old, married and most of them were from Kalikid and Aduas Cabanatuan City. Members’ trust to the cooperatives was the top problem that challenges the operations and management of the cooperatives.
The focus of this research paper is to analyze the impact of employer branding and
organization attractiveness factors on organization citizenship behavior of faculties in
Odisha universities covering technical and higher education context. Data were
collected from 350 faculties working in different universities of Odisha. Structured
questionnaire were used to gather the data for the study. Results of regression
analysis have revealed employer branding factors like brand knowledge, brand
internalization, brand equity, institutional culture and recognition of effort found to be
strong and positive predictor of citizenship behavior .organization attractiveness in
the form of respectful work environment and attractive place of employment, work
place fun and informality, healthy association between employer and faculties had
shown positive influence on OCB. Organization citizenship behavior is the
increasingly desirable form of employees behavior where motivation for employer
branding and attractiveness of institution must play a significant role .These concepts
should be treated as an effective technological tool in the hand of management and
must be adopted strongly in Technical educational institutions as well as in other
sectors to attract and retain potential employees
A study on industrial relation at rehabilitation plantations ltdSubodh G Krishna
This document provides an overview of a study on industrial relations at Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd. It discusses the objectives and scope of the study, which aims to understand relationships between different organizational levels and assess the relationship between employees, unions, and employers. The research methodology section outlines that the study will use questionnaires to collect primary data from a sample of 100 workers and 100 staff. It will analyze the data using percentage analysis to understand issues in industrial relations and provide suggestions for improvement.
This document summarizes key concepts in industrial relations, including:
1) The changing nature of employment relationships from centralized regulation to decentralized agreements and contingent work.
2) The roles of trade unions and employer associations in collectively bargaining for workers and businesses.
3) Important industrial relations concepts like collective bargaining, grievance handling, and conflict management approaches.
Entrepreneurial barriers and success factors of women in utilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research study on entrepreneurial barriers and success factors for women entrepreneurs in utility service businesses in Chennai, India. The study aimed to identify challenges women entrepreneurs face, success factors, and the relationship between demographics and success. A sample of 478 women entrepreneurs across 10 utility services were surveyed. Key findings included that most businesses had low annual turnover, were started for self-employment, and were registered as private limited or proprietorships. Statistical tests found relationships between nature of business and dimensions of entrepreneurial success, including climate, gaps, support, motivation, and suggestions to improve success rates.
Critical Evaluation of the Big 4 in Bangladesh Caught Between The Global and ...Anamika Hore
this is an assignment on a research paper named 'The Big 4 in Bangladesh Caught Between the Global and The Local. this is the critical evaluation of that stated paper
This document discusses industrial relations and trade unions in three paragraphs:
1) It provides background on industrial relations in the UK, noting that trade union membership makes up 24.7% of the workforce on average, but is higher in the public sector. There are estimated to be 6.5 million trade union members in the UK, though membership has declined since the 1980s and 1990s.
2) It examines problems faced by trade unions in India, such as uneven growth across sectors, small size and weak financial positions of most unions, and political and employer interference.
3) It suggests measures to strengthen trade unions, like encouraging one union per industry, training union workers, expanding membership, making unions independent of political
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a societal and ecological agreement between the community and
businesses. TBL “captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an organization’s
activities on the world ... including both its profitability and shareholder values and its social, human
and environmental capital” (Savitz, 2006). TBL is an accounting framework that incorporates three
dimensions of performance: social, environmental and financial. This differs from traditional
reporting frameworks, as besides financial part it also includes ecological (or environmental) and
social measures where it is difficult to assign appropriate means of measurement. But with the
current breakdown of confidence in financial reporting, large companies are facing increasing
demands and expectations from stakeholders and are being held more accountable for their
performance and actions. TBL approach is a proactive step in providing shareholders with increased
transparency and a broader framework for decision-making. It’s a great way for companies to
disclose meaningful non-financial results. TBL dimensions are also commonly called the three Ps:
People, Planet and Profits.
Triple Bottom Line Reporting (TBLR) reflects a corporation’s greater transparency and
accountability in its public reporting, communication and disclosure with regard to how the corporate
entity performs in its environmental, social and economic dimensions (Lewis, 2011). TBLR
incorporates presenting what the business is doing well, along with areas that need improvement.
Reporting in this way demonstrates a drive towards increased transparency, which can mitigate
concerns by stakeholders on hidden information. Everyone involved in the process of TBL, including
employees and external stakeholders, can increase their knowledge of the company and expand their
relationships with other stakeholders in the company. Participating in a learning environment is
beneficial and necessary for a business to meet the goals of sustainability. The process of building a
Page 3
sustainable environment can lead to other disclosures on how the business world can lend a helping
hand in protecting the natural resources that are quickly evaporating.
Reward Systems in the Construction Industry: A Differentiation Between the United States, The United Kingdom and China. Submitted in part requirement for obtaining the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering and Management.
Management leading and collaborating in a competitive world 12th edition bate...Sterling124t
This chapter discusses how organizations are influenced by their external and internal environments. The external environment includes the macroenvironment (economic, technological, political/legal, and social/cultural forces) and the competitive environment (competitors, new entrants, substitutes, suppliers, and customers). Organizations respond to environmental uncertainty through environmental scanning, scenario development, forecasting, and benchmarking. Internally, organizations are influenced by their culture, which affects how they respond to external pressures. Managers can influence or adapt to their environments through strategic actions like diversification or structural changes to their organization.
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviourijtsrd
This article aimed to determine whether there are differences in opinion between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when assessing the different environmental factors that favour or hinder entrepreneurial behaviour. This article comes to the conclusion that there are significant differences between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when they assess the factors that, in their opinion, are hindering or promoting entrepreneurial behaviour. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37922.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/37922/factors-influencing-the-entrepreneurial-behaviour/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
The document provides an overview of industrial relations. It defines industrial relations as the relationships between employees and management in the workplace. It discusses how industrial relations involves a complex web of relationships between employees, unions, management, and the state. The document also examines different perspectives on industrial relations, including the pluralist view that sees both shared and conflicting interests, and the Marxist view that sees sharply antagonistic conflicts between employers and employees. It explores how industrial relations involves building knowledge through research, solving problems in the employment relationship, and addressing ethical issues like workers' rights.
Features of Organizational Culture and Their Impact on Banking System Perform...Fakulteti Ekonomik,UV
Abstract: Culture is recently considered by researchers as one of the important factors that affects the long-term performance of organizations. This article aims at presenting the general cultural features of major banks operating in Vlora Region, and their impact on the performance of these banks. This research paper will aim to analyze whether these cultural profiles are similar to the cultural profile that contributes to the organization high-performance. The paper methodology is based on the combination between primary and secondary research. The paper ends with the conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords: Organizational culture, financial performance, bank sector
This document presents the SME Co-operation Framework, a model created to analyze collaboration between small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The framework combines three dimensions of SME cooperation - strategic, management, and social - with internal and external factors influencing collaboration. The author applies this framework to summarize why SMEs should cooperate, common problems they face in adopting collaborative approaches, and factors influencing the effectiveness of interfirm collaboration. The findings indicate that cooperation can improve SME performance but risks of failure are reduced when success factors are considered.
Emerging trends in employee relations and employee involvementRamrao Ranadive
The document discusses frameworks for analyzing the impact of globalization on industrial relations. It outlines six key strategies employers must focus on, including achieving appropriate attitudinal and behavioral changes, developing a modern policy framework, linking compensation to performance, cultivating a skilled workforce, promoting flexibility, and employing culturally sensitive management strategies. It also provides recommendations for multinational companies regarding delegating labor relations, tailoring human resource approaches to national conditions, gaining experience with labor unions, understanding attitudes toward unions, complying with international regulations, analyzing common issues, and developing standardized global policies.
This document is a project report submitted by Subhan Mohammad to fulfill the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines industrial relations at Oil Country Tubular Limited in India. It includes declarations, certificates of work, acknowledgements, and an outline of chapter contents. The introduction provides background on the history and meaning of industrial relations, and justification for studying this topic at Oil Country Tubular Limited. The research methodology outlines the objectives, scope, limitations, and data collection methods for the project, which involves surveying 100 employees to understand the current industrial relations systems, collective bargaining processes, grievance procedures, and impact on organizational efficiency.
Employee relations encompass the formal and informal relationships between managers and employees. The key goals of employee relations are to gain employee commitment to organizational goals, ensure acceptance and implementation of organizational change, and resolve conflicts. Employee relations involve players such as employers, employees, unions, and public bodies. Mechanisms for managing employee relations include consultation, participation, communication, collective bargaining, and legal regulation. Employee relations are also influenced by external factors such as the labor market and government policies.
Corporate Reputation And Earnings Quality of Listed Firms in NigeriaQUESTJOURNAL
Purpose: There is contention in financial reporting literature on the nature of relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of firms. The differences in findings on the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality linkage are empirically traceable to firm characteristics and capital market. To our knowledge, the association between corporate reputation and earnings quality is limited in Nigeria, Thus, we examine the nature relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 21 listed firms selected from the consumer sector, manufacturing sector and financial sector on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The primary estimation method for the regression equation is pooled-OLS. Finding: We found that corporate reputation has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Originality/ Value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality across three sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market, firm reputation, auditor type and earnings quality. Thus, this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters and future researchers.
IRJET- Implementation of Green HR Practices for Environmental PerformanceIRJET Journal
This document discusses green human resource management (GHRM) practices and their implementation in developing countries. It begins with an abstract that outlines the objectives of the paper. The introduction provides background on GHRM and its role in environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility. It then examines current GHRM trends in developed versus developing nations, highlighting areas like recruitment, training, performance management, compensation, and organizational culture. Challenges to implementing GHRM in developing countries are discussed. The conclusion reiterates that GHRM can help organizations achieve sustainability goals and that more research is needed on adopting these practices.
This document provides an overview of the solvent extraction and cattle feed industries in India and Kerala. It discusses how solvent extraction was introduced in India in 1945 and helped establish the oil extraction industry. In the 1960s, Kerala faced a crisis in its coconut oil extraction industry which led to the establishment of solvent extraction plants. It also discusses the growth of the cattle feed industry over the past 30 years to meet the nutritional needs of cattle. KSE Ltd entered the cattle feed industry in 1996 and has since become a leader in manufacturing and supplying mixed cattle feed in Kerala and India. The dairy industry has also grown significantly in the past 25 years through cooperative efforts to increase milk production and provide additional services to farmers.
Measuring and Valuing Social Capital: A Guide for ExecutivesSustainable Brands
The Network for Business Sustainability South Africa research team reviewed 314 studies on social capital. This report outlines the business benefits of social captial and identified measures and tools that can be used to assess the key dimensions of social capital.
Common Problems Encountered by Selected Cooperatives in Cabanatuan City: Basi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims to determine the common problems encountered by selected cooperatives in Cabanatuan City. The researcher used the descriptive research method in this study. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents are 41-50 years old, married and most of them were from Kalikid and Aduas Cabanatuan City. Members’ trust to the cooperatives was the top problem that challenges the operations and management of the cooperatives.
The focus of this research paper is to analyze the impact of employer branding and
organization attractiveness factors on organization citizenship behavior of faculties in
Odisha universities covering technical and higher education context. Data were
collected from 350 faculties working in different universities of Odisha. Structured
questionnaire were used to gather the data for the study. Results of regression
analysis have revealed employer branding factors like brand knowledge, brand
internalization, brand equity, institutional culture and recognition of effort found to be
strong and positive predictor of citizenship behavior .organization attractiveness in
the form of respectful work environment and attractive place of employment, work
place fun and informality, healthy association between employer and faculties had
shown positive influence on OCB. Organization citizenship behavior is the
increasingly desirable form of employees behavior where motivation for employer
branding and attractiveness of institution must play a significant role .These concepts
should be treated as an effective technological tool in the hand of management and
must be adopted strongly in Technical educational institutions as well as in other
sectors to attract and retain potential employees
A study on industrial relation at rehabilitation plantations ltdSubodh G Krishna
This document provides an overview of a study on industrial relations at Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd. It discusses the objectives and scope of the study, which aims to understand relationships between different organizational levels and assess the relationship between employees, unions, and employers. The research methodology section outlines that the study will use questionnaires to collect primary data from a sample of 100 workers and 100 staff. It will analyze the data using percentage analysis to understand issues in industrial relations and provide suggestions for improvement.
This document summarizes key concepts in industrial relations, including:
1) The changing nature of employment relationships from centralized regulation to decentralized agreements and contingent work.
2) The roles of trade unions and employer associations in collectively bargaining for workers and businesses.
3) Important industrial relations concepts like collective bargaining, grievance handling, and conflict management approaches.
Entrepreneurial barriers and success factors of women in utilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research study on entrepreneurial barriers and success factors for women entrepreneurs in utility service businesses in Chennai, India. The study aimed to identify challenges women entrepreneurs face, success factors, and the relationship between demographics and success. A sample of 478 women entrepreneurs across 10 utility services were surveyed. Key findings included that most businesses had low annual turnover, were started for self-employment, and were registered as private limited or proprietorships. Statistical tests found relationships between nature of business and dimensions of entrepreneurial success, including climate, gaps, support, motivation, and suggestions to improve success rates.
Critical Evaluation of the Big 4 in Bangladesh Caught Between The Global and ...Anamika Hore
this is an assignment on a research paper named 'The Big 4 in Bangladesh Caught Between the Global and The Local. this is the critical evaluation of that stated paper
This document discusses industrial relations and trade unions in three paragraphs:
1) It provides background on industrial relations in the UK, noting that trade union membership makes up 24.7% of the workforce on average, but is higher in the public sector. There are estimated to be 6.5 million trade union members in the UK, though membership has declined since the 1980s and 1990s.
2) It examines problems faced by trade unions in India, such as uneven growth across sectors, small size and weak financial positions of most unions, and political and employer interference.
3) It suggests measures to strengthen trade unions, like encouraging one union per industry, training union workers, expanding membership, making unions independent of political
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a societal and ecological agreement between the community and
businesses. TBL “captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an organization’s
activities on the world ... including both its profitability and shareholder values and its social, human
and environmental capital” (Savitz, 2006). TBL is an accounting framework that incorporates three
dimensions of performance: social, environmental and financial. This differs from traditional
reporting frameworks, as besides financial part it also includes ecological (or environmental) and
social measures where it is difficult to assign appropriate means of measurement. But with the
current breakdown of confidence in financial reporting, large companies are facing increasing
demands and expectations from stakeholders and are being held more accountable for their
performance and actions. TBL approach is a proactive step in providing shareholders with increased
transparency and a broader framework for decision-making. It’s a great way for companies to
disclose meaningful non-financial results. TBL dimensions are also commonly called the three Ps:
People, Planet and Profits.
Triple Bottom Line Reporting (TBLR) reflects a corporation’s greater transparency and
accountability in its public reporting, communication and disclosure with regard to how the corporate
entity performs in its environmental, social and economic dimensions (Lewis, 2011). TBLR
incorporates presenting what the business is doing well, along with areas that need improvement.
Reporting in this way demonstrates a drive towards increased transparency, which can mitigate
concerns by stakeholders on hidden information. Everyone involved in the process of TBL, including
employees and external stakeholders, can increase their knowledge of the company and expand their
relationships with other stakeholders in the company. Participating in a learning environment is
beneficial and necessary for a business to meet the goals of sustainability. The process of building a
Page 3
sustainable environment can lead to other disclosures on how the business world can lend a helping
hand in protecting the natural resources that are quickly evaporating.
Reward Systems in the Construction Industry: A Differentiation Between the United States, The United Kingdom and China. Submitted in part requirement for obtaining the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering and Management.
Management leading and collaborating in a competitive world 12th edition bate...Sterling124t
This chapter discusses how organizations are influenced by their external and internal environments. The external environment includes the macroenvironment (economic, technological, political/legal, and social/cultural forces) and the competitive environment (competitors, new entrants, substitutes, suppliers, and customers). Organizations respond to environmental uncertainty through environmental scanning, scenario development, forecasting, and benchmarking. Internally, organizations are influenced by their culture, which affects how they respond to external pressures. Managers can influence or adapt to their environments through strategic actions like diversification or structural changes to their organization.
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviourijtsrd
This article aimed to determine whether there are differences in opinion between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when assessing the different environmental factors that favour or hinder entrepreneurial behaviour. This article comes to the conclusion that there are significant differences between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when they assess the factors that, in their opinion, are hindering or promoting entrepreneurial behaviour. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37922.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/37922/factors-influencing-the-entrepreneurial-behaviour/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
The document provides an overview of industrial relations. It defines industrial relations as the relationships between employees and management in the workplace. It discusses how industrial relations involves a complex web of relationships between employees, unions, management, and the state. The document also examines different perspectives on industrial relations, including the pluralist view that sees both shared and conflicting interests, and the Marxist view that sees sharply antagonistic conflicts between employers and employees. It explores how industrial relations involves building knowledge through research, solving problems in the employment relationship, and addressing ethical issues like workers' rights.
Features of Organizational Culture and Their Impact on Banking System Perform...Fakulteti Ekonomik,UV
Abstract: Culture is recently considered by researchers as one of the important factors that affects the long-term performance of organizations. This article aims at presenting the general cultural features of major banks operating in Vlora Region, and their impact on the performance of these banks. This research paper will aim to analyze whether these cultural profiles are similar to the cultural profile that contributes to the organization high-performance. The paper methodology is based on the combination between primary and secondary research. The paper ends with the conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords: Organizational culture, financial performance, bank sector
This document presents the SME Co-operation Framework, a model created to analyze collaboration between small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The framework combines three dimensions of SME cooperation - strategic, management, and social - with internal and external factors influencing collaboration. The author applies this framework to summarize why SMEs should cooperate, common problems they face in adopting collaborative approaches, and factors influencing the effectiveness of interfirm collaboration. The findings indicate that cooperation can improve SME performance but risks of failure are reduced when success factors are considered.
Emerging trends in employee relations and employee involvementRamrao Ranadive
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Attainment of Cooperative objectives and the performance of officers in performing their Management Functions: A Case of Cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-5, Issue-11, Nov-2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.511.2 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 577
Attainment of Cooperative objectives and the
performance of officers in performing their
Management Functions: A Case of Cooperatives
in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija
Dr. Jennilyn C. Mina
Faculty Member, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology–San Isidro Campus
zedka_jen27@yahoo.com
Abstract— Cooperatives have brought significant contributions to uplift the lives of many individuals and to resolve
problems related to financial, marketing and production. This study was conducted to determine whether the
different registered cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija were attaining their objectives and whether the board
of directors and officers were performing their duties and responsibilities by fulfilling their management functions.
Furthermore, this study was conducted to determine the different constraints the cooperatives were facing that could
affect their everyday operations. The researcher utilized the descriptive research design using a survey–
questionnaire technique to gather the necessary information. Moreover, the researcher with the use of T–test
determined whether there is a significant difference in the extent of attainment of the cooperative objectives, level of
performance of the officers in performing their management functions and the constraints affecting the operations of
the organizations based on the perceptions of the officials and the members of cooperatives. Findings have shown
that the existing registered cooperatives in the city were able to attain their cooperative objectives to a very great
extent. It has also been found out that the board of directors and officers were able to perform their management
functions very satisfactory. On the other hand, the respondents perceived that the constraints affecting the
operations of cooperatives were just minor problems. The two groups differ in their responses on the extent of
attainment of their cooperative objectives and on the constraints affecting the operations of the cooperatives while
both groups of respondents have the same perception as to the level of performance of the board of directors and
officers in performing their management functions.
Keywords— cooperatives objectives, management functions, level of performance, constraints.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the narrowing gap between the rich and the poor
has becoming a phenomenal societal problem due to the fact
that numerous number of business organizations in the
community are becoming inefficient in producing products
and delivering services to the community [1]. Economic
problems such as high interest rates, poor quality of goods
and services, high prices of commodities are motivators of
people to look for other means to resolve these existing
problems. Moreover, when people experienced problems in
financial, production and marketing, they usually get
encouraged to organize cooperatives.
Cooperatives contribute significantly to social integration,
job creation and the reduction of poverty because it promotes
democratic organization and economic orientation [2]. A
cooperative is a group of people who establish an enterprise
on a not–for–profit basis to serve themselves [3]. Also,
cooperatives are viewed as potentially important vehicles for
community development since they can solve local problems
by mobilizing local resources into a critical mass, and by
virtue of being locally owned and controlled, cooperatives
can keep profits and responsibility in the hands of local
citizens [4]. In fact, cooperatives play a substantial role in
improving the livelihoods of rural communities [5].
Just like any other forms of business organizations,
cooperatives also have its goals and objectives and for which
must be stated in general and specific statements [1]. As
observed by [6], most of the farmers formed cooperatives
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-5, Issue-11, Nov-2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.511.2 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 578
with the objective of generating greater profits by obtaining
inputs and services at lower costs than they could obtain
elsewhere. Thus, it only shows that cooperatives exist to
attain its objectives for the welfare of its members.
Notwithstanding the fact that most less developed countries
are agrarian societies, where agriculture is considered to be
the main source of livelihood, most rural communities across
the country find the need to increase agricultural productivity
through cooperatives [7].
As projected, cooperatives should provide maximum
economic benefits to their members in a way that they must
teach them the efficient ways of doing things and new ideas
in business management which will allow the lower income
groups to increase their ownership in the wealth of this
nation [8]. In order to achieve economic viability,
cooperatives should conduct their operations based on sound
management principles and practices [9] including
performing their corporate social responsibilities [10]. It has
been emphasized that management is the primary force
within the organizations for coordinating human and physical
resources and that managers are the one responsible for
organizational performance [11]. Management is actually
considered as the link to economic progress [12].
Management exists to achieve the goals of an organization
through its four functions of planning, organizing, leading
and controlling while applying resources with efficiency and
effectiveness[13].Therefore, it is noteworthy to know
whether these management functions are being realized by
the cooperatives. Actually, in other countries, some of the
key factors that led to the success of different cooperatives
proven on the case analysis conducted by [14] were
professionalization of management, training and education
programs.
This study was accomplished with the hope of determining
whether the different cooperatives were attaining their
objectives and whether the board of directors and officers
were performing their duties and responsibilities by fulfilling
their management functions. Furthermore, this study was
conducted to determine the different constraints the
cooperatives were facing that could affect their operations.
Likewise, this may help the members of cooperatives
develop confidence towards the attainment of their objectives
and the management would be more conscious in performing
their responsibilities especially in promoting their socio–
economic well–being. Therefore this study is found
significant and timely.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The researcher utilized the descriptive research design using
questionnaire technique to gather the necessary information.
Descriptive research is devoted to the gathering of
information about prevailing conditions or situations for the
purpose of description and interpretation. This type of
research design is not simply amassing and tabulating facts
but also includes proper analyses, interpretation, comparisons,
identification of trends and relationships [15] as cited by the
authors in [16]. Moreover, “descriptive studies may be
characterised as simply the attempt to determine, describe or
identify what is, while analytical research attempts to
establish why it is that way or how it came to be” [17]. In this
study, descriptive research is used as a method at casting
light on current issues or problems with the use of data
collection that enabled the researcher to describe the situation
more completely than was possible without employing this
method [18]. The respondents of this study who were chosen
purposively [19] were the sixty–one officials and seventy–
five members of the fifteen registered cooperatives in Gapan
City, Nueva Ecija. The researcher used a survey–
questionnaire as the instrument in gathering data. The
researcher floated and retrieved the questionnaires from the
cooperative officials and members. The researcher applied
the five–point Likert scale to determine the extent of
attainment of the cooperative objectives, level of
performance of the officers in performing their management
functions and the constraints affecting the operations of the
organizations. After the data were retrieved, the researcher
tallied, analyzed and interpreted them. The following
numerical and adjectival values were used:
Ranges Rate Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
4.20–5.00 5 to a very great extent Very Satisfactory Very serious problem
3.40–4.19 4 to a great extent Satisfactory Serious problem
2.60–3.39 3 to a moderate extent Fair Moderate problem
1.80–2.59 2 to a lesser extent Dissatisfactory Minor problem
1.00–1.79 1 to no extent at all Very Dissatisfactory Not at all a problem
3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-5, Issue-11, Nov-2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.511.2 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 577
Weighted mean was utilized determine the extent of
attainment of the cooperative objectives, level of
performance of the officers in performing their management
functions and the constraints affecting the operations of the
organizations. T–test was used to determine whether there is
a significant difference in the extent of attainment of the
cooperative objectives, level of performance of the officers in
performing their management functions and the constraints
affecting the operations of the organizations based on the
perceptions of the officials and the members of cooperatives.
The results were computed using Statistical Package for
Social Sciences.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This portionpresents, analyses and interprets the data on the
extent of attainment of the cooperative objectives, level of
performance of the officers in performing their management
functions and the constraints affecting the operations of the
registered cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija.
Table 1: Extent of Attainment of Cooperative Objectives
Indicators
Officials Members Combination
WM WM WM
Verbal
Description
1
Cooperative organizations basically work to provide
self–help and mutual help
4.44 4.30 4.37
To a very great
extent
2
To provide support and services to the members of
the society and not to earn the profit
4.13 4.26 4.19 To a great extent
3
To help each other mutually and not to have
competition
4..44 4.15 4.29
To a very great
extent
4
To deliver the quality goods and produce to the end
customers
4.31 4.22 4.27
To a very great
extent
5
To practice fair and transparent business activities
4.31 4.11 4.21
To a very great
extent
6
Providing, in the best possible conditions, the
financial advice and services that members need.
4.38 4.30 4.34
To a very great
extent
7
Contributing to the cooperative, economic and
financial education of members that is to provide
them with a way to achieve independence.
4.44 4.37 4.40
To a very great
extent
8 Promoting and supporting community development. 4.25 4.00 4.13 To a great extent
9
It aims to provide facilities for better business
and better living as well as carry out work of
common economic interest and benefit to the
members.
4.31 4.19 4.25
To a very great
extent
10
Provide opportunities and channels to market goods
and commodities produced from amongst its
members.
4.19 4.22 4.20
To a very great
extent
11
To carry out activities of publicity and promotion of
its members and projects etc.
4.44 4.15 4.29
To a very great
extent
12
Enter in partnership or into any arrangement for
mutual understanding, union of interest, joint
venture, etc.
4.31 4.15 4.23
To a very great
extent
13
Raise money by way of cash, loans from members
or non–members, government or any other banks.
4.38 4.11 4.24
To a very great
extent
14
To sell and dispose of the products or services
produced by the members in the most profitable
4.13 4.52 4.32 To a great extent
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manner.
15
Find profitable employment opportunities for its
members by undertaking suitable jobs.
4.25 4.07 4.16 To a great extent
16
Obtaining contracts for execution of public or
private works by the officer of tenders or otherwise.
4.38 4.11 4.24
To a very great
extent
17
Apply to the members the necessities of life
including consumer goods and also raw materials
necessary for subsidiary and industrial occupation.
4.19 4.07 4.13 To a great extent
18 Encourage profitability 4.19 4.11 4.15 To a great extent
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.30 4.19 4.25
To a very great
extent
The table above presents the extent of attainment of
cooperative objectives as described by the two groups of
respondents. Both respondents answered that the objective of
cooperatives in contributing to the economic and financial
education of members by means of providing them a way to
achieve independence (WM=4.40) were being attained to a
very great extent. Cooperatives enable their members to
generate income and jobs, and accumulate assets; provide
affordable, quality goods and services; and develop human
and social capital, as well as economic independence [20].
Also, the two groups responded that cooperative
organizations basically work to provide self–help and mutual
help were achieved to a very great extent (WM=4.37). The
author in [21] mentioned that a cooperative society is a
voluntary association of persons brought together on the
basis of mutual help and equality to promote their economic
interest. Moreover, the objective of cooperative that is
concerned in providing, in the best possible conditions, the
financial advice and services that their members need
(WM=4.34) were realized to a very great extent too. The
Cooperative Development Authority is on its track to provide
technical, financial and institutional development assistances
to micro and small cooperatives to transform them into
medium and large cooperatives, thus making them profitable,
sustainable and competitive in the market[22]. This finding
clearly shows that the existing registered cooperatives in
Gapan City were able to attain their cooperative objectives to
a very great extent as stipulated in the overall average
weighted mean of 4.25.
However, the cooperative objectives such as providing
support and services to the members of the society and not to
earn the profit; promoting and supporting community
development; selling and disposing of the products or
services produced by the members in the most profitable
manner; finding profitable employment opportunities for its
members by undertaking suitable jobs; and applying to the
members the necessities of life including consumer goods
and also raw materials necessary for subsidiary and industrial
occupation were only attained to a great extent. Some
officers missed the need for harmonious relationship within
the organization as they have objectives not aligned with
organizational goals and purpose. One of the solutions to
address this concern is to motivate and encourage officials to
attend trainings and seminars. In order for the officers to be
familiar with their functions and be well–equipped with the
needed attitude, skills and knowledge that would allow them
to conceptualize and implement measures to improve the
delivery of quality of services of their respective
organizations, the need for relevant seminars to address the
prevailing issues must be undertaken by stakeholders [23].
Table 2: Cooperatives Level of Performance
Indicators
Officials Members Combination
WM WM WM
Verbal
Description
1
Assisting in developing the overall vision, mission,
goals and objectives of the business
4.19 4.30 4.74 Very Satisfactory
2
They are an essential part of the decision making
process.
2.94 4.30 4.62 Very Satisfactory
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3
Managers set goals and objectives for day–to–day
operations, design operating procedures and
methods, and make financial projections.
4.00 4.19 4.09 Satisfactory
4
They plan and implement the tasks that accomplish
the goals and objectives established by the board
4.31 4.33 4.32 Very Satisfactory
5
Managers also make annual projections of balance
sheets and operating and cash flow statements.
4.19 4.04 4.11 Satisfactory
6
The supervisory function assures satisfactory
performance in all phases of business.
4.88 4.269 4.07 Satisfactory
7
Measuring and evaluating the results of employee
performance, executing board policies, and
overseeing physical assets are critical to
accomplishing the cooperative’s goals and
objectives.
4.00 4.41 4.20 Very Satisfactory
8
Managers are responsible for grouping operational
processes, assets, and personnel and establishing
their relationships for efficient day–to–day business
operations.
4.06 4.22 4.14 Satisfactory
9
Developing personnel organization charts which
show employee relationships, writing job
descriptions, and establishing acceptable levels of
performance are manager responsibilities.
4.13 4.63 4.38 Very Satisfactory
10
Coaching and leading the cooperative’s employees,
members, and customers are essential functions of
the manager
4.13 4.67 4.40 Very Satisfactory
11
The manager must create positive employee
working conditions and act as a liaison and
spokesperson for the business, its owners, and other
stakeholders
4.19 4.63 4.41 Very Satisfactory
12
Managers are responsible for staffing, training, and
mobilizing the personnel under their supervision.
5.00 4.15 4.57 Very Satisfactory
13
Responsibility for internal and external
interpersonal relationships places a heavy time
demand on managers.
4.19 4.19 4.19 Satisfactory
14
Acknowledge how the same function relates to
separate groups in the cooperative structure,
4.19 4.41 4.30 Very Satisfactory
15 Trains employees and orient new staff 4.13 4.11 4.12 Satisfactory
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.17 4.32 4.24 Very Satisfactory
The table above presents the level of performance of the
officials in performing their management functions. Both
respondents agreed that the officials were very satisfactory in
assisting in developing the overall vision, mission, goals and
objectives of the business (WM=4.74). While a considerable
number of cooperatives in the country were unable to meet
sustainability for lack of continuing proper cooperative
education, majority of the duly registered cooperatives have
displayed themselves as exemplars of putting their vision
into reality despite of the inadequate assistance extended to
them by several government agencies and funding
institutions, both foreign and local[9].Similarly, the two
groups also perceived that the officers are an essential part of
the decision making process as they have rated them very
satisfactory (WM=4.62). A clear direction and a timely
process of decision–making are key ingredients for any
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successful business [24]. While directors and officers often
differ on many issues, they usually make a concerted effort
for consensus, if not unanimous, decisions in the
cooperatives [25]. It only means that strong leadership
encouraged unity and teamwork among the members and
officers [26].
Correspondingly, the two groups of respondents also
observed that managers as responsible for staffing, training,
and mobilizing the personnel under their supervision were
able to perform their duties very satisfactory (WM=4.57). In
the study of [27], they recommended that the government
and the banking sector render financial support to
cooperatives in rural communities to allow them to expand
and diversify their business operations; constant training on
leadership and management skills is provided to cooperatives’
members.
This finding clearly shows that the board of directors and
officers of the existing registered cooperatives in Gapan City
were able to perform their management functions very
satisfactory with an overall average weighted mean of 4.24.
Although the responsibilities of managers in setting goals
and objectives for day–to–day operations, designing
operating procedures and methods, and making financial
projections; preparing annual projections of balance sheets
and operating cash flow statements; performing the
supervisory function that assures satisfactory performance in
all phases of business; their responsibility for grouping
operational processes, assets, and personnel and establishing
their relationships for efficient day–to–day business
operations; their responsibility for internal and external
interpersonal relationships places a heavy time demand on
managers; and training employees and orienting new staff
were rated satisfactory by both groups of respondents.
Elected representatives, managers and their employees need
to be educated and trained often in order for them to
contribute effectively to the development of the
cooperatives[28].
Table 3: Constraints Affecting the Operations of Cooperatives
Indicators
Officials Members Combination
WM WM WM
Verbal
Description
1 Lack of business penetration 2.44 2.44 2.44 Minor problem
2 Absence of mutual interest 2.56 2.33 2.45 Minor problem
3 Lack of interest 2.13 2.37 2.25 Minor problem
4 Lack of coordination 2.19 2.56 2.37 Minor problem
5 Corruption 1.75 2.11 1.93 Minor problem
6 Lack of secrecy 2.56 2.67 2.61 Minor problem
7 Insufficient motivation 2.31 2.81 2.56 Minor problem
8
Due to lack of funds, it is difficult to promote the
business operation and sales promotion
3.13 2.41 2.77
Moderate
problem
9
Lack of management skills to control and monitor
the members
2.06 2.85 2.46 Minor problem
10
Management has to depend on honesty, integrity,
and loyalty to the members
1.94 2.56 2.25 Minor problem
11 Inadequate public awareness 2.31 2.26 2.29 Minor problem
12 Lack of market or community support 2.44 2.30 2.37 Minor problem
13 Over reliance on government funds 2.38 2.11 2.24 Minor problem
14
The co–operative movement was initiated and
established by the government
1.94 2.44 2.19 Minor problem
15 Inadequate rural credit 1.75 2.26 2.00 Minor problem
16
Co–operative societies are subject to excessive
government regulation which affects their autonomy
and flexibility.
2.19 2.19 2.19 Minor problem
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17
Many cooperative societies have faced financial
troubles and closed down because of corruption and
misuse of funds.
2.13 2.37 2.25 Minor problem
18
Co–operative societies cannot be introduced in all
industries.
2.06 2.37 2.22 Minor problem
19 Lack of accountability 1.81 2.30 2.05 Minor problem
20 Inexperience staff 2.00 2.59 2.30 Minor problem
Overall AverageWeighted Mean 2.20 2.41 2.31 Minor problem
The table above presents the constraints affecting the
operations of the registered cooperatives in Gapan City,
Nueva Ecija. Both groups of respondents answered that the
number one problem of the cooperatives is difficulty to
promote the business operation and sales promotion due to
lack of funds (WM=2.77) which is considered as a moderate
problem of the cooperatives in Gapan City. The
unavailability of reserve funds for most of the rural
cooperatives is also one of the challenges for most rural
cooperatives [27]. The above results concurred with the study
by [29], who found out that many cooperatives in rural areas
may not prosper because of lack of working capital.
On the other hand, the constraints affecting the operations of
cooperative only got an overall average weighted mean of
2.31 which mean that they only viewed their constraints
minor problems.
Table 4.Significant Difference in the Extent of Attainment of the Cooperative Objectives
Attainment of Objectives Officials Members
Mean 4.30 4.19
Variance 0.0116 0.0157
N 18 18
t Stat 2.94**
p–value (two–tailed) 0.006
**difference is significant @ 0.01 level
The table above reveals that there is a significant difference
in the responses of officials (WM=4.30; Variance=0.0116)
and members (WM=4.19; Variance=0.0157) as to extent of
attainment of the cooperative objectives using t–test. This
means that the null hypothesis of no significant difference
between the responses of the two groups is rejected.
The two groups differ in their responses on the extent of
attainment of their cooperative objectives. In their evaluation,
the officials have higher evaluation on the extent of
attainment of their cooperative objectives as compared to
their members. Ideally, the mentors who are the officials
should help their members match their individual objectives
with the organizational objectives[30].
Table 5. Significant Difference in the Level of Performance of the Officers in Performing their Management Functions
Level of Performance Officials Members
Mean 4.17 4.32
Variance 0.2002 0.0378
N 15 15
t Stat –1.23 Ns
p–value (two–tailed) 0.2299
Ns = no significant difference
The table above shows that there is no significant difference
in the responses officials (WM=4.17; Variance=0.2002) and
members (WM=4.32; Variance=0.0378) as to the level of
performance of the officials in performing their management
functions using t–test. This means that the null hypothesis of
no significant difference between the responses of the two
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groups is accepted. This implies that both the officers and
members are aware of the importance of management
functions in terms of planning, organizing, directing and
controlling in the attainment of the cooperatives purposes
because they share the common view that the management
practices must be carried out effectively and efficiently [9].
Table 6. Significant Difference in the Constraints affecting the Operations of Cooperatives
Constraints Officials Members
Mean 2.20 2.42
Variance 0.1093 0.0426
N 20 20
t Stat –2.42*
p–value (two–tailed) 0.0203
*difference is significant @ 0.05 level
The table above reveals that there is a significant difference
in the responses of officials (WM=2.20; Variance=0.1093)
and members (WM=2.42; Variance=0.0426) as to the
constraints affecting the operations of the registered
cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija using t–test. This
means that the null hypothesis of no significant difference
between the responses of the two groups is rejected.
The two groups differ in their responses on the constraints
affecting the operations of the registered cooperatives in
Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. In their evaluation, the members
have higher evaluation on the constraints encountered by the
cooperatives that affects the organization.
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The extent of attainment of the cooperative objectives as
perceived by both groups is being attained to a very great
extent by the registered cooperatives in Gapan City, Nueva
Ecija. As what [21] emphasized in his study, the cooperatives
must recover costs and satisfy the basic economic objectives
of every business organization which are the essence of their
existence. Likewise, both the officials and the members
agreed that the officers are performing their management
functions very satisfactory. This only shows that they share
the common view that the management practices must be
carried out effectively and efficiently [9]. On the other hand,
both groups have answered that the constraints affecting the
operations of cooperatives are just distinguished as minor
problems. In this way, cooperatives are real enterprises
which help their members to cooperate in solving social
problems they share[27].
As found in the study, the two groups differ in their
responses on the extent of attainment of their cooperative
objectives. In their evaluation, the officials have higher
evaluation on the extent of attainment of their cooperative
objectives as compared to their members. Contrary to that,
the two groups of respondents have no significant difference
in their answers as to the level of performance of the officials
in performing their management functions. Correspondingly,
the two groups differ in their responses on the constraints
affecting the operations of the registered cooperatives in
Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. In their evaluation, the members
have higher evaluation on the constraints encountered by the
cooperatives that affects the organization.
Based on the results of the study, the researcher would like to
recommend to the different cooperatives to revisit their
agreed cooperative objectives and spot those objectives that
are not being attained by the cooperatives in order for them
to take corrective actions. This can be done through careful
evaluation by the board of directors together with the officers
plus the help of their members. Furthermore, the
cooperatives should continue to send their officers to
different seminars and management trainings that could
retool their officers especially in performing their
management functions. The cooperatives may also include in
their calendar of activities the conduct of planning for the
development of their programs aimed at achieving the
essence of cooperation. It is also essential that officials are
getting feedback from their members and to all their
stakeholders as to what areas in their performance can still be
improved that would benefit the whole organization. It is
further recommended that each officer must be provided with
clear definitions of their duties and responsibilities to avoid
overlapping of works and to lessen conflicts within the group.
It is also suggested that they apply some management tools
for their scheduling to avoid too much workload and to
ensure synchronization among the officers and members in
performing their various activities. The cooperatives should
also endure all the constraints that could affect their
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organizations by making accurate decisions given available
information [31]. Lastly, they should focus on those aspects
that could contribute to the attainment of their objectives and
have valuable financial contributions [32], particularly to
their members.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study is a proof of hard work, perseverance,
determination and experience that will be etched in the life of
the researcher as she moved forward into another puzzling
yet valuable endeavour in her career. The researcher would
like to acknowledge with deepest appreciation, sincerest and
profoundest gratitude those individuals for their full support,
constructive criticisms, and valued suggestions, which one
way or another helped her make this work possible and
successful at the same time. Special mention and recognition
is made to the Engr. Gener S. Subia, Ph.D., for his
continuous guidance to the researcher in doing all her
endeavors related to conducting researches. The researcher
would also like to thank Mr. Romeo B. Campos Jr., Mr.
Rowell A. Diaz and Mrs.Pascuala T. Barlis, her co–faculty in
the institution where she is currently connected, for being
always there to give their valuable suggestions and moral
support along her journey in the academe.
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