Market Orientation, Firms’ Level Characteristics and Environmental Factors: I...IOSR Journals
The study assesses the effect of firms’ level characteristics, market orientation and environmental factors on the influence of e-commerce competence development on organizations’ performance. Data were drawn from 130 managers from a population of 193 managers of all the airline firms in the industry. Partial correlation coefficient was used to test the moderating effect of variables of study. The result shows that firms’ level characteristics and proactive market orientation moderate the influence of e-commerce competence development on organizational performance. Based on these findings, we conclude that certain market culture and firms’ level characteristics affect the influence of e-commerce competence on performance. We therefore recommend that e-commerce firms should anticipate latent needs by offering technological advances that enables them to lead customers to new and better value proposition and satisfaction.
Impact of ISO9001 Certification on the Beverage Company's Performance: A case...AkashSharma618775
This study tries to shade light on the effect of ISO9001 on Performance of Brewery companies in
Ethiopia. It empirically analyzes the impact of ISO9001 on the performance of brewery company's proxied by
profit of companies during the sample period of 2002-2015.The sample consists three brewery companies namely:
BGI-Ethiopia, Metha-Abo and Dashen brewery companies. The methodology is based on the Fixed effect model
estimator proposed for dynamic panel data, which is strong in the presence of endogenous covariates, allowing for
individual companies fixed effects, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Based on findings, out of the four
independent variables average revenue and dummy of ISO9001 are positive and significant effect on companies
profit i.e an increase (decrease) in average revenue of companies results in a 5.517 percent increase (decrease) in
the company's profit. The result indicates that ISO9001 certification does have a strong significant positive impact
on brewery companies performance. As the result revealed a company's profit increases by 1.052% due to
ISO9001 certification. The other two explanatory variables average cost and natural logarithm of total sale become
statistically insignificant. In sum, the result of the study indicates that Having ISO9001 certification improves the
profitability of the brewery companies. This finding seems to agree with the study done by T. Dejene (2011) on five
brewery companies in Ethiopia and other scholars like D.S. Sharma(2005),M. Pinar(2001) and J. Singles et
al.(2000)
Corporate Reputation And Earnings Quality of Listed Firms in NigeriaQUESTJOURNAL
Purpose: There is contention in financial reporting literature on the nature of relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of firms. The differences in findings on the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality linkage are empirically traceable to firm characteristics and capital market. To our knowledge, the association between corporate reputation and earnings quality is limited in Nigeria, Thus, we examine the nature relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 21 listed firms selected from the consumer sector, manufacturing sector and financial sector on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The primary estimation method for the regression equation is pooled-OLS. Finding: We found that corporate reputation has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Originality/ Value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality across three sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market, firm reputation, auditor type and earnings quality. Thus, this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters and future researchers.
Market Orientation, Firms’ Level Characteristics and Environmental Factors: I...IOSR Journals
The study assesses the effect of firms’ level characteristics, market orientation and environmental factors on the influence of e-commerce competence development on organizations’ performance. Data were drawn from 130 managers from a population of 193 managers of all the airline firms in the industry. Partial correlation coefficient was used to test the moderating effect of variables of study. The result shows that firms’ level characteristics and proactive market orientation moderate the influence of e-commerce competence development on organizational performance. Based on these findings, we conclude that certain market culture and firms’ level characteristics affect the influence of e-commerce competence on performance. We therefore recommend that e-commerce firms should anticipate latent needs by offering technological advances that enables them to lead customers to new and better value proposition and satisfaction.
Impact of ISO9001 Certification on the Beverage Company's Performance: A case...AkashSharma618775
This study tries to shade light on the effect of ISO9001 on Performance of Brewery companies in
Ethiopia. It empirically analyzes the impact of ISO9001 on the performance of brewery company's proxied by
profit of companies during the sample period of 2002-2015.The sample consists three brewery companies namely:
BGI-Ethiopia, Metha-Abo and Dashen brewery companies. The methodology is based on the Fixed effect model
estimator proposed for dynamic panel data, which is strong in the presence of endogenous covariates, allowing for
individual companies fixed effects, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Based on findings, out of the four
independent variables average revenue and dummy of ISO9001 are positive and significant effect on companies
profit i.e an increase (decrease) in average revenue of companies results in a 5.517 percent increase (decrease) in
the company's profit. The result indicates that ISO9001 certification does have a strong significant positive impact
on brewery companies performance. As the result revealed a company's profit increases by 1.052% due to
ISO9001 certification. The other two explanatory variables average cost and natural logarithm of total sale become
statistically insignificant. In sum, the result of the study indicates that Having ISO9001 certification improves the
profitability of the brewery companies. This finding seems to agree with the study done by T. Dejene (2011) on five
brewery companies in Ethiopia and other scholars like D.S. Sharma(2005),M. Pinar(2001) and J. Singles et
al.(2000)
Corporate Reputation And Earnings Quality of Listed Firms in NigeriaQUESTJOURNAL
Purpose: There is contention in financial reporting literature on the nature of relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of firms. The differences in findings on the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality linkage are empirically traceable to firm characteristics and capital market. To our knowledge, the association between corporate reputation and earnings quality is limited in Nigeria, Thus, we examine the nature relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 21 listed firms selected from the consumer sector, manufacturing sector and financial sector on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The primary estimation method for the regression equation is pooled-OLS. Finding: We found that corporate reputation has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Originality/ Value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality across three sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market, firm reputation, auditor type and earnings quality. Thus, this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters and future researchers.
A Study On The Relationship Between Corporate Reputation And Customer Loyalty...inventionjournals
In recent years, the concept of reputation has proven to be one of the major innovative trends in corporate management. Both scholars and the popular press have become increasingly interested in the management of corporate reputation. Corporate reputation is the result of a signaling activity based on available information about a firm’s actions. Reputation is also a yardstick of the firm’s relative standing routinely used by both internal and external stakeholders when making firm-related decisions (Dentchev and Heene, 2004: 56). Several empirical studies also confirm the positive relationship between good reputation and competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the corporate reputation and customer loyalty to the company in tourism industry. In this context, this study conducted in an active tourism firm’s customers in Turkey, finds that there are significant relations between the five dimensions of the corporate reputation and the loyalty of the customers
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Article: Influence of Corporate Board Characteristics on Firm Performance of ...McRey Banderlipe II
Using disclosure information from 29 listed property companies in the Philippines, the results revealed that managerial ownership positively influences firm performance. Moreover, firm size, leverage, and age influence the accounting-based measures of performance to a great extent than the market-based measures. Further research should focus on the overall impact of corporate governance using different measures of performance to better assist the decision making of the company’s stakeholders.
Grievance Resolution Mechanism on Employee Productivity: Commercial Banks in ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Motivation of employees has always been quantified in financial attributes. For productivity to occur then there is need for using non-financial motivational initiatives. This study purposed to analyze the role of motivational initiatives on employee productivity with specific reference to commercial banks in Bungoma County. The study was guided by the objective: to establish the role of grievance resolution on employee productivity. The study adopted a survey design with a focus on 536 bank employees of different job cadres drawn from 11 banks. A sample size of 229 was obtained using Yamane’s formula. Stratified sampling technique was employed with six strata’s obtained from six job cadres from top management to clerical staff. Structured questionnaires were the main data collection tools and analysis was aided by use Statistical Program for Social Scientist (SPSS) where descriptive and inferential statistics was applied and there after presentations of findings was done using tables. There was a positive strong correlation between grievance resolution and employee productivity. r = .754, p (0.00) < α (0.05). The study concludes that the non-financial motivation strategy influenced employee productivity in commercial banks. The study recommends introduction of impartial dispute meetings to resolve grievances.
Exposure to financial distress in businesses adversely affects the groups related to the business and
the general economic structure. Financial distress, which is one of the most important research topics in the
recent finance literature, has always been important in economies with high cyclical fluctuations such as Turkey
and has turned into an area where intensive studies are carried out
The Role of Social Capital in Enhancing Competitive Advantageinventionjournals
The present study aims to examine the impact of internal social capital on competitive advantage at Jordanian banks. The study's sample consists of (480) employees that will help answering the study's questions and hypotheses; besides, the researcher developed a questionnaire for the detection of social capital dimensions (relational social capital, cognitive social capital and structural social capital) and the level of competitive advantage. The most important findings and conclusions of the research are: The arithmetic mean of the estimates of employees at Jordanian banks towards social capital dimensions were high. The arithmetic mean of the estimates of employees at Jordanian banks towards competitive advantage were moderate. Regression results indicates that there is statistically significant effect for social capital on competitive advantage at Jordanian banks. Besides, Structural social dimension influence came first concerning the size of the effect.
The Impact of Capital Structure on the Performance of Industrial Commodity an...IJEAB
This paper investigates the impact of capital structure on the performance of commodity and service firms listed on the Vietnamese Stock Exchange. Data used in the paper were collected from the 142 firms listed on Ho Chi Minh and Ha Noi Stock Exchange during time 2009-2015. By using the descriptive statistics and linear regression model, the findings shows that there is negative relationship between capital structure (e.i. STD. LTD and DA) and peformance of the firms (i.e. ROE) for the commodity and services firms listed on two given Stock Exchange Market of Vietnam. Following are possible implications for the study.
The Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies and Activities Employed By the...iosrjce
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) playa an increasingly important role in business success
today, and economic, political, and social factors are shaping CSR strategies around the world. Approached
strategically, CSR has the potential to generate opportunity, innovation and competitive advantage for
organizations while solving pressing social problems. The study explored the effectiveness of CSR strategies on
organizational performance by ascertaining whether responsibility towards primary stakeholders influences the
financial and non-financial performance of commercial banks. The author focused on the Equity Bank in Kenya.
Content analysis of the Bank’s financial reports between the years 2006 and 2012 was done to ascertain the
relationship between CSR and performance of the Bank. The establishment of EGF, a fully fledged subsidiary of
Equity Bank, to handle all aspects of social responsibility for the Bank is a clear attestation of how important
and serious the institution considers CSR in their day-to-day operations. The categorization of the CSR
strategies into thematic areas showed that, to the Eank, social responsibility is not just a philanthropic deed to
society but a strategic tool for furtherance of business objectives, including stakeholder relationships. The study
recommended the need for organizations to be more inclusive and participatory among all the stakeholders at
all levels of implementation as well as further research to determine the level at which CSR impacts on
performance and the influence of prior organizational performance on social responsibility.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational performance (OP). This study was motivated by the mixed findings in literature regarding the relationships between EO and organizational performance. Owing to the mixed results, a novel stream of research was created and this motivated further examining of the impact of other variables that may shed a light on the nature of the relationship. Several theories have been proposed in literature posit the direct relationships among strategies, resources and capabilities as antecedents of success. In this study, copies of questionnaires were distributed to 300 Libyan banks branches, where 200 copies of questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The proposed hypothesis was tested through PLS-SEM and the study results showed that EO positively predicted organizational performance.
In March 2019, the Korea of Minister of Strategy and Finance announced a strategy to spread the
second venture boom in cooperation with relevant ministries. You can start high-tech innovation start-ups by
strengthening your business
A Study On The Relationship Between Corporate Reputation And Customer Loyalty...inventionjournals
In recent years, the concept of reputation has proven to be one of the major innovative trends in corporate management. Both scholars and the popular press have become increasingly interested in the management of corporate reputation. Corporate reputation is the result of a signaling activity based on available information about a firm’s actions. Reputation is also a yardstick of the firm’s relative standing routinely used by both internal and external stakeholders when making firm-related decisions (Dentchev and Heene, 2004: 56). Several empirical studies also confirm the positive relationship between good reputation and competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the corporate reputation and customer loyalty to the company in tourism industry. In this context, this study conducted in an active tourism firm’s customers in Turkey, finds that there are significant relations between the five dimensions of the corporate reputation and the loyalty of the customers
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Article: Influence of Corporate Board Characteristics on Firm Performance of ...McRey Banderlipe II
Using disclosure information from 29 listed property companies in the Philippines, the results revealed that managerial ownership positively influences firm performance. Moreover, firm size, leverage, and age influence the accounting-based measures of performance to a great extent than the market-based measures. Further research should focus on the overall impact of corporate governance using different measures of performance to better assist the decision making of the company’s stakeholders.
Grievance Resolution Mechanism on Employee Productivity: Commercial Banks in ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Motivation of employees has always been quantified in financial attributes. For productivity to occur then there is need for using non-financial motivational initiatives. This study purposed to analyze the role of motivational initiatives on employee productivity with specific reference to commercial banks in Bungoma County. The study was guided by the objective: to establish the role of grievance resolution on employee productivity. The study adopted a survey design with a focus on 536 bank employees of different job cadres drawn from 11 banks. A sample size of 229 was obtained using Yamane’s formula. Stratified sampling technique was employed with six strata’s obtained from six job cadres from top management to clerical staff. Structured questionnaires were the main data collection tools and analysis was aided by use Statistical Program for Social Scientist (SPSS) where descriptive and inferential statistics was applied and there after presentations of findings was done using tables. There was a positive strong correlation between grievance resolution and employee productivity. r = .754, p (0.00) < α (0.05). The study concludes that the non-financial motivation strategy influenced employee productivity in commercial banks. The study recommends introduction of impartial dispute meetings to resolve grievances.
Exposure to financial distress in businesses adversely affects the groups related to the business and
the general economic structure. Financial distress, which is one of the most important research topics in the
recent finance literature, has always been important in economies with high cyclical fluctuations such as Turkey
and has turned into an area where intensive studies are carried out
The Role of Social Capital in Enhancing Competitive Advantageinventionjournals
The present study aims to examine the impact of internal social capital on competitive advantage at Jordanian banks. The study's sample consists of (480) employees that will help answering the study's questions and hypotheses; besides, the researcher developed a questionnaire for the detection of social capital dimensions (relational social capital, cognitive social capital and structural social capital) and the level of competitive advantage. The most important findings and conclusions of the research are: The arithmetic mean of the estimates of employees at Jordanian banks towards social capital dimensions were high. The arithmetic mean of the estimates of employees at Jordanian banks towards competitive advantage were moderate. Regression results indicates that there is statistically significant effect for social capital on competitive advantage at Jordanian banks. Besides, Structural social dimension influence came first concerning the size of the effect.
The Impact of Capital Structure on the Performance of Industrial Commodity an...IJEAB
This paper investigates the impact of capital structure on the performance of commodity and service firms listed on the Vietnamese Stock Exchange. Data used in the paper were collected from the 142 firms listed on Ho Chi Minh and Ha Noi Stock Exchange during time 2009-2015. By using the descriptive statistics and linear regression model, the findings shows that there is negative relationship between capital structure (e.i. STD. LTD and DA) and peformance of the firms (i.e. ROE) for the commodity and services firms listed on two given Stock Exchange Market of Vietnam. Following are possible implications for the study.
The Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies and Activities Employed By the...iosrjce
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) playa an increasingly important role in business success
today, and economic, political, and social factors are shaping CSR strategies around the world. Approached
strategically, CSR has the potential to generate opportunity, innovation and competitive advantage for
organizations while solving pressing social problems. The study explored the effectiveness of CSR strategies on
organizational performance by ascertaining whether responsibility towards primary stakeholders influences the
financial and non-financial performance of commercial banks. The author focused on the Equity Bank in Kenya.
Content analysis of the Bank’s financial reports between the years 2006 and 2012 was done to ascertain the
relationship between CSR and performance of the Bank. The establishment of EGF, a fully fledged subsidiary of
Equity Bank, to handle all aspects of social responsibility for the Bank is a clear attestation of how important
and serious the institution considers CSR in their day-to-day operations. The categorization of the CSR
strategies into thematic areas showed that, to the Eank, social responsibility is not just a philanthropic deed to
society but a strategic tool for furtherance of business objectives, including stakeholder relationships. The study
recommended the need for organizations to be more inclusive and participatory among all the stakeholders at
all levels of implementation as well as further research to determine the level at which CSR impacts on
performance and the influence of prior organizational performance on social responsibility.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational performance (OP). This study was motivated by the mixed findings in literature regarding the relationships between EO and organizational performance. Owing to the mixed results, a novel stream of research was created and this motivated further examining of the impact of other variables that may shed a light on the nature of the relationship. Several theories have been proposed in literature posit the direct relationships among strategies, resources and capabilities as antecedents of success. In this study, copies of questionnaires were distributed to 300 Libyan banks branches, where 200 copies of questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The proposed hypothesis was tested through PLS-SEM and the study results showed that EO positively predicted organizational performance.
In March 2019, the Korea of Minister of Strategy and Finance announced a strategy to spread the
second venture boom in cooperation with relevant ministries. You can start high-tech innovation start-ups by
strengthening your business
This research work investigated the influence of firm size on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The research work is necessitated by the need to find the factors that respond positively or negatively to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Five deposit money banks were sampled with the aid of Taro Yemeni sampling technique to represent the entire banking industry in Nigeria. The firm size proxied by log of total assets represents the explanatory variable while the financial performance measured by profitability proxied by return on asset is the dependent variable. The analysis was conducted using the pooled OLS regression and fixed effect/random effect regression with the aid of STATA for panel regression. In addition, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were computed. The finding of the study indicates that firm size insignificantly negatively influenced financial performance as a result of diseconomies of scale. The study therefore recommends that the industry should minimize the cost of expansion and enjoy maximum benefits of economies of scale in addition to other factors that may stimulate financial performance should be considered instead of the firm size that indicate insignificantly negative effect.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
A Correlation of CSR and Intellectual Capital, its Implication toward Company...inventionjournals
Traditional accounting approach is not considered an intangible asset in determining the value of the company. Judging from the strategic aspect, the business is now growing process wherein, the company actively doing research, product innovation, development potential of the company, management and employee skill improvement and so on. So all the intangible aspects that are key to increasing the value of sustainable enterprises. One example of an intangible asset is intellectual capital (IC). On the other hand this aspect as neglected because it is not expressed in the financial statements which is the main basis in the valuation of the company. This study is exploratory research, has the main objective to assess the link CSR activities with IC in their influence on the creation of value for the company. Outcomes research studies be developed from the analysis of ratings and disclosures IC with antecedent and concequences which have been tested by previous research. However, these studies largely carried on the business environment in developed countries, and is still very limited studies conducted in developing countries that have a cultural background of eastern Indonesia. Based on reviews of an extant of literatures, several internal factors were identified as antecedents for IC. They are: CSR activities, firm growth and type of industry. The sample selection was based on certain criteria, and acquired 52 manufactured companies listed in IDX, from 2010-2014. Thisresearchfinds that CSR disclosure, specifically in the areas of social aspects and firm’s size significantly influences IC and firm value. There was no evidence to support the existence of significant influence of growth toward IC. IC is an intervening variable for the influence of CSR toward company’s value. Overall, findings of this research suggest that IC can be used to improve firm financial performance. The implication of this study is that companies should be concern to report their social activities and upgrade the quality of human capital who theirs.
The debate over excellence, reputation, CSR and their impact on performance rages in the academic and professional communities.
Professionals responsible for intangible assets and those in charge of finance are a good reflection of this dual reality that frequently makes Board members and Management Committees take difficult decisions that don’t benefit both parts the same way.
In 2013, a research was held in Japan in order to shed light to explain the mechanisms that affect financial performance and, more specifically, identify which of these mechanisms are related to corporate reputation. It concluded that corporate value is constituted by four factors: organizational value, social value, business value and commercial value. Eventually, those companies that pay more attention to organizational and social value achieve greater commercial and business value.
This document analyzes the factors that constitute those values and the steps needed to improve reputation. It also explains relations between different factors of corporate reputation and financial performance in mathematical terms.
Innovation is the factor that truly relates corporate reputation to business success. The factors that improve both economic results and reputation are the ability to lure resources and expand internationally. That’s why companies need to bring best talent and state-of-the-art technologies on board.
In this document, it is explained the case of ING Direct in Australia to show the contribution of corporate reputation to financial results.
By using Net Promoter Score (NPS) (an index developed by U.S.-based Professor Reichheld which stands for a positive or negative correlation between the number of promoters and the number of detractors), ING Direct was able to measure the impact of its brand strategy on the Australian market. The company achieved a high recommendation level reflected in the exponential growth of deposits, funds and assets.
Good economic results impact reputation and sustain it over time. However, as in the example of ING Direct and many other companies, a good reputation is able to improve financial results as well as the competitive and economic position.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Study on Impact of Internal Mobility on Organisational Performance: A Case ...IJLT EMAS
Over a time, manufacturing Industry in India is essentially an outstanding amongst the most well-known enterprises in Indian market. Manufacturing is the producing of goods and a service using labor and other machinery tools this helps to understand the organization performance directly or indirectly has an impact on internal mobility of an employee. Internal mobility mainly tells that relying upon worker's expertise skill and prerequisites with the toss of the employment with organizational commitment and the change in job structure, job design occurs with or without raise in the salary. Organization performance which has many factors which influence the performance but internal mobility is also a supporting factor which has an impact in achieving the vision of the company. This gives an understanding that apart from providing all the necessary facility and good working culture, healthy promotion and transfer employee exit rates are increasing. Thus, internal mobility is most preferable objective to success which implies observable career accomplishments such as promotion, transfer & hierarchical level held and salary. In future to achieve internal mobility, company should adapt the principle of succession management at all ranks, provide transparent discussion of skill and the potential, as well as organizational needs. The reason for this would the favoritism and lack of recognition which is making an employee dissatisfaction towards their organization by this I conclude that the unfair or unethical practices in organization with respect to the internal mobility in the future periods make employee unhappy this is one of the reason to leave an organization which creates a huge impact in the organization performance
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Impact of Corporate Governance on Organizational PerformanceJenıstön Delımä
Citation: Delima, V. J., & Ragel, V. R. (2017). Impact of corporate governance on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 5(5).
Abstract- This study examined whether corporate governance has impact on organizational performance in Financial Institutions as research problem. This research was carried out with objective to measure association between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance in Batticaloa district. Conceptual framework has been developed to measure linkages between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance. Board Size, Corporate Governance Mechanism, Communication Strategies, and Code of Conduct are considered as the measurement variables of Corporate Governance which was derived from Changezi & Saeed (2013) and Customer Satisfaction, Employee Commitment and Corporate Reputation are considered as the measurement variable of Organizational Performance which was derived from Bayoud (2012) and Carton (2004). Questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. 115 Management Respondents and 115 Customers from whole Financial Institutions in Batticaloa district have been selected for this study. Data were analyzed and evaluated by Univariate and Bivariate techniques. In Univariate analysis, Descriptive statistic has been used for the analysis. In Bivariate analysis, Correlation and multiple regressions have been used for the analysis. Findings have shown the Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance are at high level. Moreover, it also found that there is a strong positive relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance. Corporate Governance significantly impacts Organizational Performance of Financial Institutions. These findings would be useful to consider more on Corporate Governance practices to avoid the Corporate Collapses and to achieve successful Organizational Performance
Similar to Corporate reputation on performance of banking industries in nigeria (20)
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Corporate reputation on performance of banking industries in nigeria
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
Corporate Reputation on Performance of Banking Industries in
Nigeria: Using PLS-SEM Tool of Analysis
Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse Ph.D. (Corresponding author)
Department of Management Science, Kano State College of Arts and Science,PMB, 3145, Kano State, Nigeria
E-mail: ahgdutse@gmail.com
Aminu Ahmad Ph.D.
Department of Management and Information Technology, Faculty of Management Technology, ATBU, Bauchi
State, Nigeria, 740001
E-mail: aminuaa1@gmail.com
Mustapha Nasidi Ph.D.
Department of Management Science, Kano State College of Arts and Science
PMB, 3145, Kano State, Nigeria
E-mail: mnasidi_afan@rocketmail.com
Abstract
This analysis examines the influence of corporate reputation on performance of banking industries in Kano state
North-West of Nigeria. A survey with 384 qualified observations from financial institutions’ customers in Kano
was conducted. Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) was used as an alternative to covariance-based SEM, which
provides researcher with some flexibility in terms of model complexity and relationship specification.. The
model shows corporate reputation that is a reflective construct that has a significant direct effect on performance.
The results, besides indicating the suitability of the PLS in statistical analysis, has also contributed to a better
understanding of Banking customer in Kano which hitherto has not been tested. Findings are useful for policy
makers, management of banking industries and practitioners to enhance corporate reputation, Implications for
research and practice and future recommendations are discussed.
Keywords: Corporate Reputation, Performance, Banking Industries, PLS-SEM, Nigeria.
1. Introduction
Corporate reputation has received unprecedented attention from both academics and business community (Zhang,
2009; Jeng, 2011). However, a piece of successful experience in corporate reputation management in one
country or area could hardly been replicated in another place due to its culture and environment-dependent
characteristic, thus good corporate reputation is of great importance in corporate core competence (Zhang, 2009;
Jeng, 2011). It may be defined as stakeholders’ overall evaluation of a company over time (Fombrun 1996; Gotsi
and Wilson 2001; Helm et al., 2010). Reputation serves as a point of reference when judging the firm’s
contribution to stakeholders’ own and the public’s welfare. Therefore, it is decisive for stakeholders’
contributions to the firm (Lewis, 2001).
In the last decades a vast body of literature has emerged concerning the relationship between initiatives
and organizational performance (Peloza & Papania, 2008). Despite all this attempt of research it suffers with
major limitations. This paper seek to address one of the limitation, previous research on this connection between
corporate reputations on organizational performance were mainly focused in USA and Europe.
In this paper we aim to close this paucity by focusing corporate reputation in emerging nation. Data
collected from banking industry operating in Nigeria. Before the consolidation of the banks prior to 2004, the
financial structure is facing to a predictable collapse as a result of corruption, poor corporate governance,
corporate reputation with issues related to high turnover and insider abuse (Cowry research, 2009). In line with
this, Nigerian banking sector has witness a dramatic growth at post consolidation era but unfortunately the
industry and the regulator are not sufficient ready to sustain and monitor the growth particularly in relation to
corporate reputation ( Sanusi, 2010).There are only a limited number of studies that examine factors which
influence the corporate reputation of Nigerian firms. Although the corporate reputation issue has received
substantial attention in developed countries, it has remained neglected in the developing countries. (Olayinka
Marte Uadiale, 2010).
It is clear that corporate reputation is a significant management decision as it greatly influences the
owner's equity return, performance as well as the market value of the shares. It is therefore incumbent on
management of institutions to develop an appropriate corporate reputation (Oyesola, 2007; Uadiale, 2010).
Research in this important sector in dwelling its action on responsible behavior is necessary so as to maintain its
competitive advantage. Despite the fact that business in developing nations have different system from those in
USA and Europe. This information is very significant because organization need to recognized the important of
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2. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
business ethics and reputation in their decision making process before they can apply then in business setting
(Hsu, 2012).
The perspective of corporate reputation actions entail the dependence of business success on the
relation and interactions between an organization and its stakeholder for example, in ability of the business to
satisfy its customers need or want to make available suitable pricing pair safe, hygienic products. Also as
component of international strategies business threat losing regular direct if they fail to meet the environmental
regulation required by its consumers. Therefore, business must enhance their corporate reputation to meet the
changing demands of the diverse stakeholder.
Therefore, the reminder of paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, literature on corporate
reputation and performance were reviewed. The next section discusses on methodology and hypothesis to be
tested, next is the discussion and analysis of result, and finally, conclusion, recommendations and limitation for
future study.
2. Literature review
2.1 Corporate reputation
Business managers believe corporate reputation is the critical elusive resource that leads to competition
advantage (Siltaoja, 2006). The significant of corporate reputation has been supported by a highly positive
connection between corporate reputations and its return of assets (Deephouse, 2000; Roberts & Dowling, 2002).
There are numerous of enabling machinery support to this procedure, a good reputation insulates the business
from stakeholder perception of negative information (Lange, Lee & Dai, 2011). In addition a significant
reputation is also attractive to employee and customer (Lange et al., 2011).
Similarly, the association between corporate reputation and performance in developing economics like
Nigeria is not uncomplicated. The impact of BSR on corporate reputation in the eyes of diverse but mostly
external stakeholder is twisted by how the business converse its BSR actions and how its activities are reported
in the national media and other communication media. A business can use BSR deeds as machinery to indicator
desirability features to stakeholder (Fombrun, 2005). BSR can be viewed as a form of strategic investment in
reputation building or maintenance by making strategic investment in reputation.
2.2 Performance
Firm success is defined as an ability of firms to be able to perform to achieve firm’s goal by both to increase
corporate sustainability (Maltz et al., 2003). Previous researches often use financial and market such as customer
satisfaction, stakeholder relationship, sale growth, market share and
profitability short-term finance measure as an indicator of business success. Several researches have
been conducted various methods to evaluate organizational performance (Wong & Wong, 2007; Prajogo, 2007;
Moneva, Rivera-Lirio, & Mun˜oz-Torres, 2007). Steer (1975) conducted a general study on 17 patterns of
organizational productivity and merged the components of these different researches relating to the evaluation of
organizational performance. Organizational performance is a sign of the capacity of a company to efficiently
achieve independent goals (Venkatraman & Ramanujam, 1986). Hanvanich, Sivakumar, Tomas, and Hult (2006)
improved an organizational performance measure pattern that integrates firm's comprehensive performance and
creativity to evaluate the comprehensive organizational performance.
2.3 Corporate Reputation and Performance
Previous research to date provides and evidence that corporate reputation is a fundamental subtle resources that
give a firms reasonable benefit (Brammer & Millington, 2005; Fombrun & Shanley, 1990; Hsu, 2012; Lai et al.,
2010; Shamsie, 2003; Retab et al., 2009). Although the connection between BSR and corporate reputation in
developing nation are not clear-cut this is because businesses functioning in emerging nation are lacking skills
and tradition in communicating internal actions such as BSR activities. This limits the business ability to
influence stakeholder perception in order to boost its corporate reputation. Hsu (2012), Lai et al., (2010) reveals
the association between BSR and brand performance is partially mediated by corporate reputation. This means
that consumer perception about firms BSR initiatives positively related to corporate reputation. Therefore, we
posit:
H1: Corporate reputation is significantly related to Organizational performances.
2.4 Underpinning Theory
2.4.1 Legitimacy Theory
Legitimacy theory like a numeral other theories is measured to be a system –oriented theory. The theory
postulates that business must ensure they carry their activities within the value system of their community they
are operating (Gray, Owen & Adams, 1996). Businesses are social creation hence their survival depends on the
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3. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
willingness of the society to allow them to continue to operate (Gray et al., 1996). In addition legitimacy rest on
the concept that business have contract with society, thus satisfying the agreement with the society legitimizes
the business and their action (Gray et al., 1996; Mathew, 1997).
3. Methodology
3.1 Sample and Data Collection
The research setting is cross-sectional design and non-experimental design or survey using the quantitative
method of administering. The study unit of analysis was individual. . Similarly, it is found that the population
during the study was 10 million Muslim account holders in Kano Nigeria (NNPC, 2006). The required sample
Public customers' size of 385 employed for the study is within the Roscoe’ rules of Thumb for Determining
sample size larger than 30 and smaller than 500 appropriate for most research. In multivariate research, the
sample size should be ten (10) times as large for the number of variables for the study. A simple random samples
technique was used to draw a population samples through survey method using self Administration questionnaire
method.
3.2 Measurement
3.2.1 Corporate reputation
Corporate reputation is joint representations of business long-ago activities and potential prospects that explain
how key resource providers interpret a business initiatives and assess its ability to deliver valued customers
(Petrick, 2002). Dodds, Monroe & Grewal (1991) refer it as the prestige or status of a product or service as
perceived by the purchaser based on the image of the supplier. Similarly Lai, Chiu, Yang & Pai (2010) sees
corporate reputation as the general intuition dazzling the perception of a combined stakeholder group. Therefore,
in the present study we refer corporate reputation as the general impression reflecting the key stakeholder
perception about the business initiatives particularly on the social responsibility issue and the assessments about
the business product or services. Five items were adapted from Petrick (2002) to measure the construct, and was
tested by Hsu (2012) and to achieve internal consistence reliability and convergent validity.
3.2.2 Organizational performances
Organizational performance, or firm performance as we refer to it in this study, is a division of organizational
efficiency that covers operational and financial outcomes (Cameron, 1986), This can be characterized into two
main groups which are financial performance and non-financial performance. Financial performance is, for
example, profitability, liquidity and financial risk, which are earnings, associated to enterprises’ efficiency per
operation. Non financial performance is usually associated with customer base, brand devotion, image and
reputation, technology and initiatives development as well as quality of human resources (Kaplan & Norton,
2000). For this reason, the study will adapt this scale because over the years many researchers have suggested
that performance measurement should includes both financial and non- financial measurement investigation
which is measure by 7 items (Gorondutse & Hilman, 2013; Hilman & Mohamed, 2011; Kaplan & Norton , 1992;
Venkantrannan & Ramanujan, 1986).
3.3 Analysis Method
This study used partial least square (PLS) method to analyzed the results this is due to growing number of
researchers from various disciplines such as strategic management (e.g., Hulland, 1999), management
information systems (e.g., Dibbern, Goles, Hirschheim, & Jayatilaka, 2004), e-business (e.g., Pavlou & Chai,
2002), organizational behavior (e.g., Higgins, Duxbury, & Irving, 1992), marketing (e.g., Reinartz, Krafft, &
Hoyer, 2004), and consumer behavior (e.g., Fornell & Robinson, 1983). Since 1987, in addition, The PLS
methodology has also achieved an increasingly popular role in empirical research in international marketing,
which may represent an appreciation of distinctive methodological features of PLS (Henseler, Ringle &
Sinkoyes, 2012). In order to obtain valid and reliable results, this study followed the two steps approach as
suggested by (Chin, 1998). Therefore, the process was to confirm the construct validity before proceeding to test
the hypothesis.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents
The table 1 shows the profile of respondents, the result reveals that 76.2% of the respondents have less than 5
years of existence; this implied that majority of the respondents are not long in the operations. In terms of
ownership structures 81.5% of respondents are individual owner, while9.7% are partnership business. With
regards to no. of employees 85.1% have less than 20 employees; this indicates the uniqueness of one man
business. Furthermore, most of the Manufacturing industry have less than 1 million, Nigerian currencies as their
Assets and represent 46. %.( see table 1).
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4. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
Table 1. Demographic breakdown of respondents
Demographic profile Category No. Of respondents %
Years of existences Less 5 years
74
5-10years
11-20years
21-40years
189
34
17
8
76.2
13.7
6.9
3.2
Location Kano
Lagos
233
15
94
6
Ownership Individual
Partnership
Joint venture
Others
202
24
3
19
81.5
9.7
1.2
7.7
No. Of employees Less 20
21-40
41-60
61-80
81 & above
211
17
11
1
8
85.1
6.9
4.4
0.4
3.2
Activities Food & beverages
Tobacco
Textiles
Weaving & dressing
Leather &handbags
Non-metric
recycling
others
100
42
19
61
17
1
3
1
40.3
16.9
7.7
24.6
6.9
0.4
2.8
0.4
Assets Less 1million
1-100m
101-200m
201-300m
301& above
114
77
50
3
4
46
31
20.2
1.2
1.6
4.2 Evaluation of PLS-SEM results
Evaluating PLS-SEM results involves completing two stages, which we illustrate in Fig. 3. Stage 1 examines the
measurement models, with the analysis varying depending upon whether the model includes reflective measures
or formative. If the measurement model evaluation provides satisfactory results, the researcher moves on to
Stage 2, which involves evaluating the structural model (Hair, Hult, et al., 2014). In short, Stage 1 examines the
measurement theory, whereas Stage 2 covers the structural theory, which includes determining whether the
structural relationships are significant and meaningful, and testing hypotheses.
4.3 Measurement Model
Reflectively measured constructs, a researcher begins Stage 1 by examining the indicator loadings. Loadings
above 0.70 also 0.50 is accepted by (Hair et al., 2010), this indicate that the construct explains over 50% of the
indicator’s variance. The next step involves the assessment of the constructs’ internal consistency reliability.
When using PLS-SEM, internal consistency reliability is typically evaluated using Jo¨ reskog’s (1971) composite
reliability. In assessing reliability, higher values indicate higher levels of reliability. Values between 0.60 and
0.70 are considered ‘‘acceptable in exploratory research’’, whereas values between 0.70 and 0.95 are considered
‘‘satisfactory to good’’ (Hair, Hult, et al., 2014). Values higher than 0.95 are considered problematic, as they
indicate that the items are redundant, leading to issues such as undesirable response patterns (e.g., straight lining),
and inflated correlations among indicator error terms (Drolet & Morrison, 2001).
5. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
Items Performance Reputation
OG01 0.596
OG05 0.921
OG06 0.941
OG07 0.794
RT03 0.914
RT04 0.947
RT05 0.858
75
Table 2, Constructs Cross Loadings
Next, the convergent validity of the reflectively measured constructs is examined. Convergent validity measures
the extent to which a construct converges in its indicators by explaining the items’ variance. Convergent validity
is assessed by the average variance extracted (AVE) for all items associated with each construct. The AVE value
is calculated as the mean of the squared loadings for all indicators associated with a construct. An acceptable
AVE is 0.50 or higher, as it indicates that on average, the construct explains over 50% of the variance of its
items. Once the reliability and convergent validity of reflective constructs are successfully established, the next
step is to assess the discriminant validity of the constructs. Discriminant validity determines the extent to which
a construct is empirically distinct from other constructs in the path model, both in terms of how much it
correlates with other constructs and in terms of how distinctly the indicators represent only this single construct.
The most conservative criterion recommended to evaluate discrimi-nant validity is the Fornell and Larcker (1981)
criterion. The method compares each construct’s AVE value with the squared interconstruct correlation (a
measure of shared variance) of that construct with all other constructs in the structural model. The recommended
guideline is that a construct should not exhibit shared variance with any other construct that is greater than its
AVE value.
Table 3, Convergent validity result
Constructs Items Loadings Cronbach alpha Composite Reliability
(CR)
Average Variance
Extracted (AVE)
Performance OG01 0.596 0.832 0.892 0.680
OG05 0.921
OG06 0.941
OG07 0.794
Reputation RT03 0.914 0.891 0.933 0.823
RT04 0.947
RT05 0.858
Note: Composite reliability (CR) = (square of the summation of the factor loadings) /{(square of the summation
of the factor loadings) ? (Square of the summation of the error variances)}
Average variance extracted (AVE) = (summation of the square of the factor loadings) /{(summation of the
square of the factor loadings) ? (Summation of the error variances)}
Furthermore, a less rigorous approach to assessing discriminant validity is to examine the cross loadings. The
recommended guideline for this approach is that an indicator variable should exhibit a higher loading on its own
construct than on any other construct included in the structural model (Hair, Hult, et al., 2014). If the loadings of
the indicators are consistently highest on the construct with which they are associated, then the construct exhibits
discriminant validity. Discriminant validity should also be assessed qualitatively. Specifically, post hoc face
validity should be assessed using a panel of experts as a final approach to concluding that discriminant validity is
evident.
Figure 1,
PLS Algorithms
6. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
Table 4, Discriminant validity result
Constructs Performance (1) Reputation (2)
Performance (1) 0.824
Reputation (2) 0.320 0.907
Note: Diagonals (in bold) represent the average variance extracted while the other entries represent the squared
correlations.
4.4 Structural Model Assessment
After the construct measures have been confirmed as reliable and valid, the next step is to assess the structural
model results. Before interpreting the path coefficients, we examined the structural model for collinearity, which
is important because the estimation of the path coefficients is based on ordinary least squares regressions (Mooi
& Sarstedt, 2011). The examination of the endogenous constructs’ predictive power (Fig. 4) shows that
Relationship Value, the primary outcome measure of the model, has a substantial R2 value 0.10. However,
considering the multitude of potential antecedents of strategic information sharing activities, this construct’s R2
value is weak in line with the assessment criterion suggested by Cohen (1988), 0.26 substantial, 0.13 moderate
and 0.02 weak. Blindfolding was used to evaluate the model’s predictive relevance for each of the endogenous
constructs. Running the blindfolding procedure with an omission distance of seven yielded cross-validated
redundancy values for an endogenous constructs well above zero (Performance 0.066), providing support for the
model’s predictive relevance. The final step of the structural model analysis considers the significance and
relevance of the structural model relationships. Result from the bootstrapping procedure (242 cases, 500 samples,
no sign changes option) reveals that a structural relationship is significant. The results in Fig. 2 highlight the
important role of corporate reputation with path coefficients of (β=0.627, t=5.400, p<0.001)
Figure, 2
PLS Bootstrapping
Table 5, Hypotheses testing result
Hypotheses Path coefficient Standard error t. statistic p. value Decision
REPT -> OP 0.320 0.059 5.400 Supported
Table 6, Predictive relevance
Dependent variable R square Cross validated redundancy
Performance 0.10 0.07
76
7. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.6, No.24, 2014
77
Figure, 3
PLS Predictive relevance
5.0 Conclusion, Implications, Limitations and Suggestion for Future Research
This study indicates a significant positive linkage between corporate reputation and performance, in additions;
this results of this study have established the significant effect of corporate reputation on the performance of
banking industry. Particularly, corporate reputation has confirmed to have a significant positive effect on the
performance (β=0.897, t=5.400, p<0.001) at the 0.001 level of significance which is extremely statistically
significant. In other word, corporate reputation can account for 10% of the variance in the performance of
banking industry. This result confirmed the importance of corporate reputation to the performance as extensively
recognized in the accessible literature (see for instance Dodds & Grewal, 1991; Fombrun & Shanley, 1990;
Gorondutse & Hilman, 2013; Hsu, 2012; Lai, Chiu, Yang & Pai, 2010; Petric, 2002; Rettab et al., 2009 & Zhang,
2009). As corporate reputation becomes more favorable, the satisfaction with the corporation and its affiliates
enhances. Hence, the more favorable the corporate reputation becomes, the greater trust in the company and its
employees will be (Gianfranco & Sharon, 2007; Yener, 2009). Improved corporate performance boosts customer
satisfaction (Stank et al., 1999, 2003). Likewise, outstanding corporate performance elevates trust in the
corporation.
Furthermore, this study also examines the goodness of measure which is assessed by looking at the
validity and reliability of the measures carried out using the PLS approach. The results showed that the measures
used exhibited both convergent and discriminant validity. Next we proceeded to assess the reliability of the
measures by looking at the Cronbach alpha values and composite reliability values. Both the Cronbach alpha
values and composite reliability values were at par with the criteria set up by other established researchers. As
such the measures in the model were shown to be reliable.
In addition, using the PLS approach, statistical analysis of the data established generally accepted
views that corporate reputation influence performance of banking industry industries. As we have already said
earlier although this is generally true, the hypothesis has not been tested in an area like Kano state, Nigeria to the
best knowledge of the researcher. This adds to the body of knowledge in terms of the applicability in Kano state,
Nigeria. This study hence provides useful insights and information regarding the factors and areas that policy
makers, banking industries associations and other leaders need to consider to enhance corporate reputation.
However, one of the priorities of a good study is the ability for generalization. A satisfactory research
should be widely accepted and be applicable for several different types of industries in different countries (Ou &
Wang, 2009; Reardon, Miller, & Coe, 1995). In this research, data were collected from Kano state, Nigeria
customers of financial institutions. The limitations on industry and geographic location may constraint the
generalization and applications of this research. It is recommended that further interpretation of the findings for
other countries should be made with caution. Future research may study whether the links between corporation
and performance, its antecedents, and consequences vary across different retailers or different types of industry.
And finally, further research could enhancement these measures with more qualitative methodologies, such as
conducting in-depth interviews with respondents to make richer theory available (Athanasopoulou, 2009).
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