Entrepreneurial personal networks and performance of
small and medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano
State, Nigeria
1Amaka Cordelia Egele , 2Kibuuka Muhammad (PhD) , 3Mutenyo John (PhD)
Federal College of Education Kano, Nigeria.
2 3Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for the entrepreneurial practices of university graduates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study found that 60% of male and 70% of female respondents agreed that capacity building and infrastructure development are important. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in their views. The study concluded that capacity building and infrastructure development are both important to enhance entrepreneurial practices among university graduates in Bayelsa State.
The supply side gaps and opportunities of small & medium enterprises (sm es) ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the challenges faced by financial institutions in lending to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study found that SMEs in Bangladesh are underserved by financial institutions, which lack customer-tailored products and specialized credit risk assessment systems. Providing loans to SMEs also requires a long time for credit clearance. To address these supply-side gaps, the study recommends identifying the risks faced by commercial banks in lending to SMEs and finding solutions to increase credit flows to the important SME sector.
Effective sources and uses of finance is one of the primary activities for the success of a
business, where imprudent financing practices have been identified as a key constraint for the development
of the SME sector. For instance, the empirical evidence suggests that uncertainties of the SMEs due tolack
of skills and knowledgeable workers, economic fluctuations and financingcosts at firm level constitutes to het
ride from proper access to formal financing
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of networking between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and officers at SME Corp. Malaysia on the SMEs' ability to access financial government support programs. The study also examined how financial government support influences SMEs' access to other financial resources. The results showed that networking with SME Corp. officers has a significant positive effect on SMEs' ability to gain financial government support. Additionally, receiving financial government support significantly and positively influences SMEs' capability to access financing from other financial institutions in Malaysia.
This study examines how corporate entrepreneurship, national policies, and supply chain collaboration impact innovativeness among LED manufacturers in Malaysia. It analyzes survey data from manufacturers using partial least squares. The study finds that corporate entrepreneurship plays a moderating role in the relationships between national policies, supply chain collaboration, and innovativeness. The study expands literature by providing empirical evidence on these relationships from the perspective of an emerging country and examining the moderating role of corporate entrepreneurship. It has implications for helping local companies understand how to enhance innovativeness and expand their role in global supply chains.
This document summarizes a literature review on business process reengineering (BPR). It analyzes 27 peer-reviewed articles on BPR published between 2012 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Key findings include:
1) The most publications were in 2015 and 2016, with journals like the Journal of Business Process Management publishing multiple articles.
2) Research covered issues like loss of employee autonomy and challenges implementing BPR in sectors like healthcare and aviation. Advantages included improved efficiency and competitiveness.
3) Future research prospects include further examining BPR implementation barriers in different contexts and sectors.
External Business Environment and Performance of Microfinance Institutions: E...AkashSharma618775
This study examined the intensity of competition in the microfinance industry and its relationship
performance of MFIs in Nigeria. From a sample of 121 MFIs in Nigeria, data was collected via a structured
questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM
3.0) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v22) and, findings suggest that MFIs were faced with
intense competition in the form of high cost and difficulty of entry, high operational cost and too many players in
the industry regardless of the type of product and services they offer or lending policies they embrace. The result
further reveal that the intensity of competition has significant negative influence on the amount of loans disbursed
and the amount disbursed to women. The study therefore recommends MFI managers to develop operational
mechanisms for cost and risk reduction to survive and excel.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for the entrepreneurial practices of university graduates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study found that 60% of male and 70% of female respondents agreed that capacity building and infrastructure development are important. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in their views. The study concluded that capacity building and infrastructure development are both important to enhance entrepreneurial practices among university graduates in Bayelsa State.
The supply side gaps and opportunities of small & medium enterprises (sm es) ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the challenges faced by financial institutions in lending to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study found that SMEs in Bangladesh are underserved by financial institutions, which lack customer-tailored products and specialized credit risk assessment systems. Providing loans to SMEs also requires a long time for credit clearance. To address these supply-side gaps, the study recommends identifying the risks faced by commercial banks in lending to SMEs and finding solutions to increase credit flows to the important SME sector.
Effective sources and uses of finance is one of the primary activities for the success of a
business, where imprudent financing practices have been identified as a key constraint for the development
of the SME sector. For instance, the empirical evidence suggests that uncertainties of the SMEs due tolack
of skills and knowledgeable workers, economic fluctuations and financingcosts at firm level constitutes to het
ride from proper access to formal financing
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of networking between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and officers at SME Corp. Malaysia on the SMEs' ability to access financial government support programs. The study also examined how financial government support influences SMEs' access to other financial resources. The results showed that networking with SME Corp. officers has a significant positive effect on SMEs' ability to gain financial government support. Additionally, receiving financial government support significantly and positively influences SMEs' capability to access financing from other financial institutions in Malaysia.
This study examines how corporate entrepreneurship, national policies, and supply chain collaboration impact innovativeness among LED manufacturers in Malaysia. It analyzes survey data from manufacturers using partial least squares. The study finds that corporate entrepreneurship plays a moderating role in the relationships between national policies, supply chain collaboration, and innovativeness. The study expands literature by providing empirical evidence on these relationships from the perspective of an emerging country and examining the moderating role of corporate entrepreneurship. It has implications for helping local companies understand how to enhance innovativeness and expand their role in global supply chains.
This document summarizes a literature review on business process reengineering (BPR). It analyzes 27 peer-reviewed articles on BPR published between 2012 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Key findings include:
1) The most publications were in 2015 and 2016, with journals like the Journal of Business Process Management publishing multiple articles.
2) Research covered issues like loss of employee autonomy and challenges implementing BPR in sectors like healthcare and aviation. Advantages included improved efficiency and competitiveness.
3) Future research prospects include further examining BPR implementation barriers in different contexts and sectors.
External Business Environment and Performance of Microfinance Institutions: E...AkashSharma618775
This study examined the intensity of competition in the microfinance industry and its relationship
performance of MFIs in Nigeria. From a sample of 121 MFIs in Nigeria, data was collected via a structured
questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM
3.0) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v22) and, findings suggest that MFIs were faced with
intense competition in the form of high cost and difficulty of entry, high operational cost and too many players in
the industry regardless of the type of product and services they offer or lending policies they embrace. The result
further reveal that the intensity of competition has significant negative influence on the amount of loans disbursed
and the amount disbursed to women. The study therefore recommends MFI managers to develop operational
mechanisms for cost and risk reduction to survive and excel.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial competences on the success of paint manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study hypothesized that three facets of entrepreneurial competence (strategic competence, operational competence, and learning competence) influence enterprise success. Data was collected through surveys of managers at 20 paint manufacturing firms and analyzed using statistical software. Results suggested that all three components of entrepreneurial competence positively impact enterprise success, with operational competence being the most important predictor of success. The study concluded that enterprise managers should focus on developing strategic, operational, and learning competences to enhance their business success.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: Craft industry contributes greatly to the economy of a country for it provides income for not only micro enterprises but also small and medium enterprises. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of debt financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya, to determine the influence of retained earnings on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The study covered the soapstone micro enterprises registered by Tabaka Town Council and the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. This study adopted descriptive research designs. The target population for the study constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises in Tabaka Town which are registered by Tabaka Town Council, Kisii County, and all the woodcarving micro enterprises of Wamunyu Location, Machakos County, which are registered by Wote Town Council. From this population of 2334 respondents, a sample of 330 respondents was divided proportionately between the two regions according to the proportion of their craft micro enterprises under study, using stratified random sampling. The study gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.The results were then summarized in tables, charts and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that debt financing has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises.
Keywords: Debt, Craft, Equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise.
Title: Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
A Study of National Innovation Systems of GCC countriesBrowne & Mohan
A robust NIS system is a prerequisite for building a successful nation. With huge amount of wealth at their disposal, GCC countries are taking initiatives to transform themselves into knowledge based economies from oil based economies. This paper evaluates the current NIS of GCC countries, shows where they stand when compared to other countries, and how they can learn from countries like Singapore, Brazil, Malaysia, USA and Norway to make their NIS more effective.
Strategic Options for Creating Competitive Advantage for Youth Enterprises in...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Youth Enterprises have to survive in the global economic environment through defining the areas in which they can achieve the superior results and on them base their complete business. This article discusses the back ground information regarding youth enterprises in relation to vision 2030 and the global trends on SMES competitiveness as well as regional trends on SMES competitiveness. The research objectives are the effects of collaborative networks, innovation, product diversification and entrepreneurial skills on competitive advantage of youth enterprises. Conceptual framework focuses on both independent and dependent variables, independent variables namely; collaborative networks, innovation, product diversification and entrepreneurial skills; dependent variable namely competitive advantage. The purpose of this article is: to unite and to expand the existing cognitions about the concept of collaborative networks, innovativeness, product diversification, and entrepreneurial skills; propose the universal model for the process of transformation of implementing these concept and to point on the guidelines which should follow these concepts.
An Investigation into the Effect of Board Members’ Remuneration on the Perfor...BIJFMCF Journal
. The study focused on the effects of the board members’ remuneration on the performance of public enterprises in Namibia. The main objective of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between board members’ remuneration and the performance of the public enterprises in Namibia. The study used quantitative methods as a research strategy. The research study used secondary data from the Ministry of public enterprises database and primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires that were distributed to different public enterprises’
Chief executive officers in Namibia. The study focused on board members’ remuneration as representatives of the board members for each of the 97 state-owned enterprises in Namibia. The researcher used Excel to do the regression analysis. The researcher tested for correlation between a firm’s performance and annual salary and sitting allowance and miscellaneous allowance. Public enterprises are divided into four tiers. The researcher made use of the average revenue for each tier to represent the firm’s performance. A total of 75% of the respondents do not agree that there is a relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance, and 17% agree that there is a
relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance. The study recommended that
the MPE/PEs should implement motivational strategies to improve board members’ performance hence improving the firm’s performance.
BusinessEthcsInSMEunderTheShelterOfCorporateGovernKashif Ali
This document discusses the importance of corporate governance, business ethics, and social responsibility for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. It notes that SMEs face challenges accessing finance, building international connections, and gaining technical knowledge. The document recommends developing a governance framework for SMEs that incorporates incentives to encourage ethical practices. This would help strengthen SME competitiveness and create a productive ethical business environment. The framework should be flexible, user-friendly, and focus on benefits for SMEs to attract more businesses into a formalized system of corporate governance.
Information and communication adoption in smesfahmi221282
This document provides a literature review on information and communication technologies (ICTs) adoption by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It finds that ICT adoption is critical for SME competitiveness and accessing international markets. However, SMEs face numerous challenges to adopting ICTs including lack of skills, infrastructure, and financial resources. The review develops a conceptual framework outlining driving forces for ICT adoption, barriers, ICT tools, and benefits. It concludes that while ICTs offer opportunities for SMEs, many lack strategies to overcome adoption challenges.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
The document discusses a study on analyzing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. It finds that SMEs' ability to build effective and efficient networks is a key determinant of their flexibility and productivity. Effective networks are characterized by operational efficiency through lower transaction costs, improved access to working capital, and a more innovative business climate. The study suggests network expansion is critical for SME policy development.
The document discusses the challenges faced by human resource departments in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It notes that while the BPO industry is a major employer, it also has very high attrition rates of around 55%. The human resource department aims to implement policies to retain talented employees and stem the outflow by addressing the factors that lead to employees leaving, such as work conditions, pay, and job satisfaction. However, some companies have been successful in retaining talent long-term through beneficial HR policies perceived positively by employees.
16. the effect of entrepreneurial marketing onikhwanecdc
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh and the role of organizational culture (OC) in that relationship. The study conducted a survey of 384 SME owners in Bangladesh and tested hypotheses using structural equation modeling. The results found that EM strategy and OC were significantly related to Bangladeshi SME performance, and OC was found to mediate the relationship between EM and SME performance. The findings suggest EM strategy and organizational culture are important factors for boosting SME performance and sustainability in Bangladesh.
The objective of this theoretical paper is to look at the insight of Malaysia
Contact Centre Industry and to highlight Malaysia’s competitive edge from the
perspective of Porter’s Diamond Competitive Model. The Porter’s Diamond Model
will attempt to investigate how Malaysia can be sustainable and competitive in sharing the
global contact centre as well as the BPO market.
Society has saluted corporate social responsibility of firms blindly without paying keen interest to the
long-term survival of humanity. This has made firms pay insufficient consideration to the need to produce
ecologically friendly products
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of fraud pentagon theory on financial statement fraud. The study used fraud score modeling to observe banking companies in Indonesia from 2016-2018. The results found that external pressure and financial stability had a significant effect on financial statement fraud, while audit opinion, audit committee changes, and external audit quality did not. The study aimed to empirically test relationships between several variables derived from fraud pentagon theory, agency theory, and information asymmetry theory on instances of financial statement fraud. Statistical analysis of the companies' financial data supported some but not all of the hypotheses.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereBIJFMCF Journal
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.
Influence of External Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Micro enterprises together with small and medium enterprises provide employment and income to many people in Kenya. The main objective of the study was to establish the influence of external equity financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The target population for the study constituted all the 2334 craft micro enterprises. The sample frame constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises operating within Tabaka Town and all the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. The study used a sample of 330 craft micro enterprises drawn using stratified sampling technique. Data were gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire after testing it for reliability and validity, and then analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics. The ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that, external equity financing (p-value 0.000) has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises. The study recommended that the government should sensitize and encourage the entrepreneurs on to use funds from friends and family members since these are cheap sources because they do not attract interests.
Keywords: Craft, External equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise, Tabaka.
Title: Influence of External Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
An empirical review on ethical business conduct among small and medium Malay ...AkashSharma618775
In the contemporary world of business, ethical conduct stood to be amongst very important practices that
businessmen are required to incorporate when conducting businesses. Yet, the challenges of globalization, trade
liberalization and profitability of businesses in the uncertain business environment are critically encourage
businessmen to engage in ethical conducts. To investigate this subject matter, the study employed Malay
businessmen at small and medium scale and analyse their participation in implementing ethical business conduct.
The study used four main dimensions of ethical business conducts namely personal values, managing social
responsibility, ways of conducting business and interaction with others in business setting. Moreover the study
categorized the target respondents on race basis thus the Bumiputera (Malaysians indegenious) composed of 50%
and non-Bumiputera thus Chinese and Indians at the rates in the distribution of 32% and 18% respectively.
Generally, businessmen at SMEs scale are aware of ethical business conduct and are implementing such matters;
yet, there are continuation of unethical conducts regardless of understanding of its importance to among the
businessmen in SMEs.
Corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for internal innovation pe...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for improving internal innovation performance. It reviews literature on corporate entrepreneurship and the relationship between intrapreneurship and strategic models. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on internal innovation over external mergers and acquisitions. Key factors for enhancing internal innovation include developing systems to motivate innovative behavior, concentrating entrepreneurial ventures, and educating employees on corporate entrepreneurship. Implementing strategic approaches can help corporations innovate internally and improve growth and profits, while accepting failure as part of the innovation process.
The role of entrepreneurship in economic developmentAlexander Decker
This document discusses the role of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in economic development in Nigeria. It provides definitions and theoretical frameworks of entrepreneurship. A study was conducted of 100 SMEs randomly selected across Nigeria to identify challenges they face. Major findings include that SMEs play significant roles in economic growth but have performed below expectations in Nigeria due to problems such as poor management skills, lack of infrastructure, and unstable government policies. The document argues that developing managerial capacity is important for strengthening SMEs and their contributions to the Nigerian economy.
Business Networking and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact of business networking on the performance of SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria is investigated in this study. The study focuses on the impact of network governance, network content, and network structure on SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria. The study employs a survey design, with a questionnaire serving as the data gathering tool. The study's population consists of 650 licenced SMEs in Benue State, with a sample size of 242 obtained via stratified sampling. The KMO and Bartlett's tests show that variables are highly significant, and principal component analysis was appropriate at 0.631. The reliability test-retest result revealed a reliability index of (0.702). Regression analysis was used to examine and present the data received from the businesses surveyed. Network governance (42.2 percent), network content (30.2 percent), and network structure (46.2 percent) all have a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria, according to the results of tested hypotheses. According to the study's findings, business networking in a business environment is concerned with characteristics such as network governance, network content, and network structure, which create the foundation upon which SMEs connect with their surroundings. The research also revealed that business networking has a significant impact on SMEs' performance. SMEs working in any business environment should build up a formation structure that allows them to engage freely within the environment, according to the report.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial competences on the success of paint manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study hypothesized that three facets of entrepreneurial competence (strategic competence, operational competence, and learning competence) influence enterprise success. Data was collected through surveys of managers at 20 paint manufacturing firms and analyzed using statistical software. Results suggested that all three components of entrepreneurial competence positively impact enterprise success, with operational competence being the most important predictor of success. The study concluded that enterprise managers should focus on developing strategic, operational, and learning competences to enhance their business success.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: Craft industry contributes greatly to the economy of a country for it provides income for not only micro enterprises but also small and medium enterprises. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of debt financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya, to determine the influence of retained earnings on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The study covered the soapstone micro enterprises registered by Tabaka Town Council and the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. This study adopted descriptive research designs. The target population for the study constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises in Tabaka Town which are registered by Tabaka Town Council, Kisii County, and all the woodcarving micro enterprises of Wamunyu Location, Machakos County, which are registered by Wote Town Council. From this population of 2334 respondents, a sample of 330 respondents was divided proportionately between the two regions according to the proportion of their craft micro enterprises under study, using stratified random sampling. The study gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.The results were then summarized in tables, charts and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that debt financing has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises.
Keywords: Debt, Craft, Equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise.
Title: Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
A Study of National Innovation Systems of GCC countriesBrowne & Mohan
A robust NIS system is a prerequisite for building a successful nation. With huge amount of wealth at their disposal, GCC countries are taking initiatives to transform themselves into knowledge based economies from oil based economies. This paper evaluates the current NIS of GCC countries, shows where they stand when compared to other countries, and how they can learn from countries like Singapore, Brazil, Malaysia, USA and Norway to make their NIS more effective.
Strategic Options for Creating Competitive Advantage for Youth Enterprises in...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Youth Enterprises have to survive in the global economic environment through defining the areas in which they can achieve the superior results and on them base their complete business. This article discusses the back ground information regarding youth enterprises in relation to vision 2030 and the global trends on SMES competitiveness as well as regional trends on SMES competitiveness. The research objectives are the effects of collaborative networks, innovation, product diversification and entrepreneurial skills on competitive advantage of youth enterprises. Conceptual framework focuses on both independent and dependent variables, independent variables namely; collaborative networks, innovation, product diversification and entrepreneurial skills; dependent variable namely competitive advantage. The purpose of this article is: to unite and to expand the existing cognitions about the concept of collaborative networks, innovativeness, product diversification, and entrepreneurial skills; propose the universal model for the process of transformation of implementing these concept and to point on the guidelines which should follow these concepts.
An Investigation into the Effect of Board Members’ Remuneration on the Perfor...BIJFMCF Journal
. The study focused on the effects of the board members’ remuneration on the performance of public enterprises in Namibia. The main objective of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between board members’ remuneration and the performance of the public enterprises in Namibia. The study used quantitative methods as a research strategy. The research study used secondary data from the Ministry of public enterprises database and primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires that were distributed to different public enterprises’
Chief executive officers in Namibia. The study focused on board members’ remuneration as representatives of the board members for each of the 97 state-owned enterprises in Namibia. The researcher used Excel to do the regression analysis. The researcher tested for correlation between a firm’s performance and annual salary and sitting allowance and miscellaneous allowance. Public enterprises are divided into four tiers. The researcher made use of the average revenue for each tier to represent the firm’s performance. A total of 75% of the respondents do not agree that there is a relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance, and 17% agree that there is a
relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance. The study recommended that
the MPE/PEs should implement motivational strategies to improve board members’ performance hence improving the firm’s performance.
BusinessEthcsInSMEunderTheShelterOfCorporateGovernKashif Ali
This document discusses the importance of corporate governance, business ethics, and social responsibility for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. It notes that SMEs face challenges accessing finance, building international connections, and gaining technical knowledge. The document recommends developing a governance framework for SMEs that incorporates incentives to encourage ethical practices. This would help strengthen SME competitiveness and create a productive ethical business environment. The framework should be flexible, user-friendly, and focus on benefits for SMEs to attract more businesses into a formalized system of corporate governance.
Information and communication adoption in smesfahmi221282
This document provides a literature review on information and communication technologies (ICTs) adoption by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It finds that ICT adoption is critical for SME competitiveness and accessing international markets. However, SMEs face numerous challenges to adopting ICTs including lack of skills, infrastructure, and financial resources. The review develops a conceptual framework outlining driving forces for ICT adoption, barriers, ICT tools, and benefits. It concludes that while ICTs offer opportunities for SMEs, many lack strategies to overcome adoption challenges.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
The document discusses a study on analyzing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. It finds that SMEs' ability to build effective and efficient networks is a key determinant of their flexibility and productivity. Effective networks are characterized by operational efficiency through lower transaction costs, improved access to working capital, and a more innovative business climate. The study suggests network expansion is critical for SME policy development.
The document discusses the challenges faced by human resource departments in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It notes that while the BPO industry is a major employer, it also has very high attrition rates of around 55%. The human resource department aims to implement policies to retain talented employees and stem the outflow by addressing the factors that lead to employees leaving, such as work conditions, pay, and job satisfaction. However, some companies have been successful in retaining talent long-term through beneficial HR policies perceived positively by employees.
16. the effect of entrepreneurial marketing onikhwanecdc
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh and the role of organizational culture (OC) in that relationship. The study conducted a survey of 384 SME owners in Bangladesh and tested hypotheses using structural equation modeling. The results found that EM strategy and OC were significantly related to Bangladeshi SME performance, and OC was found to mediate the relationship between EM and SME performance. The findings suggest EM strategy and organizational culture are important factors for boosting SME performance and sustainability in Bangladesh.
The objective of this theoretical paper is to look at the insight of Malaysia
Contact Centre Industry and to highlight Malaysia’s competitive edge from the
perspective of Porter’s Diamond Competitive Model. The Porter’s Diamond Model
will attempt to investigate how Malaysia can be sustainable and competitive in sharing the
global contact centre as well as the BPO market.
Society has saluted corporate social responsibility of firms blindly without paying keen interest to the
long-term survival of humanity. This has made firms pay insufficient consideration to the need to produce
ecologically friendly products
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of fraud pentagon theory on financial statement fraud. The study used fraud score modeling to observe banking companies in Indonesia from 2016-2018. The results found that external pressure and financial stability had a significant effect on financial statement fraud, while audit opinion, audit committee changes, and external audit quality did not. The study aimed to empirically test relationships between several variables derived from fraud pentagon theory, agency theory, and information asymmetry theory on instances of financial statement fraud. Statistical analysis of the companies' financial data supported some but not all of the hypotheses.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereBIJFMCF Journal
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.
Influence of External Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Micro enterprises together with small and medium enterprises provide employment and income to many people in Kenya. The main objective of the study was to establish the influence of external equity financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The target population for the study constituted all the 2334 craft micro enterprises. The sample frame constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises operating within Tabaka Town and all the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. The study used a sample of 330 craft micro enterprises drawn using stratified sampling technique. Data were gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire after testing it for reliability and validity, and then analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics. The ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that, external equity financing (p-value 0.000) has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises. The study recommended that the government should sensitize and encourage the entrepreneurs on to use funds from friends and family members since these are cheap sources because they do not attract interests.
Keywords: Craft, External equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise, Tabaka.
Title: Influence of External Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
An empirical review on ethical business conduct among small and medium Malay ...AkashSharma618775
In the contemporary world of business, ethical conduct stood to be amongst very important practices that
businessmen are required to incorporate when conducting businesses. Yet, the challenges of globalization, trade
liberalization and profitability of businesses in the uncertain business environment are critically encourage
businessmen to engage in ethical conducts. To investigate this subject matter, the study employed Malay
businessmen at small and medium scale and analyse their participation in implementing ethical business conduct.
The study used four main dimensions of ethical business conducts namely personal values, managing social
responsibility, ways of conducting business and interaction with others in business setting. Moreover the study
categorized the target respondents on race basis thus the Bumiputera (Malaysians indegenious) composed of 50%
and non-Bumiputera thus Chinese and Indians at the rates in the distribution of 32% and 18% respectively.
Generally, businessmen at SMEs scale are aware of ethical business conduct and are implementing such matters;
yet, there are continuation of unethical conducts regardless of understanding of its importance to among the
businessmen in SMEs.
Corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for internal innovation pe...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for improving internal innovation performance. It reviews literature on corporate entrepreneurship and the relationship between intrapreneurship and strategic models. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on internal innovation over external mergers and acquisitions. Key factors for enhancing internal innovation include developing systems to motivate innovative behavior, concentrating entrepreneurial ventures, and educating employees on corporate entrepreneurship. Implementing strategic approaches can help corporations innovate internally and improve growth and profits, while accepting failure as part of the innovation process.
The role of entrepreneurship in economic developmentAlexander Decker
This document discusses the role of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in economic development in Nigeria. It provides definitions and theoretical frameworks of entrepreneurship. A study was conducted of 100 SMEs randomly selected across Nigeria to identify challenges they face. Major findings include that SMEs play significant roles in economic growth but have performed below expectations in Nigeria due to problems such as poor management skills, lack of infrastructure, and unstable government policies. The document argues that developing managerial capacity is important for strengthening SMEs and their contributions to the Nigerian economy.
Business Networking and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact of business networking on the performance of SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria is investigated in this study. The study focuses on the impact of network governance, network content, and network structure on SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria. The study employs a survey design, with a questionnaire serving as the data gathering tool. The study's population consists of 650 licenced SMEs in Benue State, with a sample size of 242 obtained via stratified sampling. The KMO and Bartlett's tests show that variables are highly significant, and principal component analysis was appropriate at 0.631. The reliability test-retest result revealed a reliability index of (0.702). Regression analysis was used to examine and present the data received from the businesses surveyed. Network governance (42.2 percent), network content (30.2 percent), and network structure (46.2 percent) all have a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs in Benue State, Nigeria, according to the results of tested hypotheses. According to the study's findings, business networking in a business environment is concerned with characteristics such as network governance, network content, and network structure, which create the foundation upon which SMEs connect with their surroundings. The research also revealed that business networking has a significant impact on SMEs' performance. SMEs working in any business environment should build up a formation structure that allows them to engage freely within the environment, according to the report.
The document discusses the need for effective communication skills among small business operators in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It notes that good communication is important for delivering quality customer service and marketing a business effectively. The study surveyed 250 small business owners and found that those with stronger communication abilities had better customer service than those with weaker communication skills. It recommends providing entrepreneurship education and training programs to help small business owners improve their marketing and communication skills.
Effect of access to networks support provided by business incubators on techn...JAMES NJAU
This document discusses a study that assessed the effect of access to network support provided by business incubators on technology-based new venture creation in Kenya. The study found that access to networks support had a positive significant effect on new venture creation. Specifically, the Pearson's correlation was positive and significant, the beta value was positive and significant, and the t-test value was positive and significant, indicating access to networks support positively impacts new venture creation. The study recommends integrating incubation theories, using the findings to help incubators and entrepreneurs, and addressing policy gaps to better support business incubation and access to networks in Kenya.
The document discusses establishing the Arab Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise Development Organization (ASMEDO) to support SMMEs across Arab countries. It recommends ASMEDO be headquartered in an active Arab state and represented in others. ASMEDO would enhance innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology adoption for SMMEs. It also suggests establishing an Observatory within ASMEDO to monitor and evaluate SMME performance across various metrics to advise on improving support programs. The document outlines several studies needed to determine ASMEDO's organizational structure and operations with estimated costs of $2.5 million.
This document discusses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their role in economic development in Nigeria. It provides background on definitions of SMEs, barriers to adoption of e-commerce among Nigerian SMEs such as costs and skills gaps, and government efforts to support SMEs through various programs and funds. The internet and mobile technologies are increasing opportunities for SMEs, but infrastructure and regulatory issues remain barriers. Overall SMEs represent most businesses and employment in Nigeria but have yet to achieve their full potential for economic growth.
This document summarizes a study that surveyed micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Philippines to determine the types of accounting services they require from public accountancy firms and individual CPAs. The study found that most MSMEs require taxation services, followed by consulting, accounting, and independent audit services. Micro and small enterprises generally require fewer and simpler services than medium enterprises. The study provides details on the business profiles and accounting service needs of the surveyed MSMEs.
The document summarizes MEDA's Techno-Links project which aims to increase access to financial services and agricultural technologies for over 200,000 poor households and smallholder farmers. The project works with 22 private sector partners in three countries. The summary outlines five key elements of effective private sector engagement for development projects based on lessons from Techno-Links: effective cross-sector communication, investing in mutually beneficial partnerships, advancing gender-inclusive business models, bringing a business approach to measuring results, and using creative information sharing for improved business practices.
IR Integrated Reporting - Creating Value Value to the Board #IIRCAgustin del Castillo
There is a recognized need to promote financial stability and sustainable development. Much can be achieved
if investment decisions are made on the basis of long- term value creation, especially if corporate behaviour
is aligned to this aim. Demonstrating the link between investment decisions, corporate behaviour and reporting is one aim of this Creating Value series.
Problems Of Funding Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeriaiosrjce
The document summarizes problems with funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. It identifies inadequate capital/finance as the greatest challenge facing SMEs. SMEs struggle to raise start-up capital and attract credit from banks due to high interest rates and collateral requirements. Other issues include poor record keeping, taxation, and corruption from government agencies. While funding sources exist, many SME owners lack awareness of financing opportunities and financial discipline to use funds productively. The document recommends the government create a supportive environment, reform education to foster entrepreneurship, and discipline corrupt officials extorting SMEs.
This document provides an introduction and background to a master's thesis project that examines the motivational factors affecting adoption or non-adoption of e-commerce by small to medium enterprises (SMEs). The purpose is to determine what motivates rural SMEs' decisions to adopt or not adopt e-commerce. A secondary purpose is to evaluate how business and owner characteristics influence adoption. The researcher conducted a survey of SME chamber of commerce members and interviews with business owners to understand their motivations. The results could help organizations support greater SME involvement in e-commerce.
Technopreneurship and Enterprise Growth in Nigeria: An Exploration into the L...IOSR Journals
This document explores the potential role of microfinance banks in promoting technopreneurship and enterprise growth in Nigeria. It conducted a study using questionnaires distributed to 400 micro, small and medium enterprises across Nigeria's geopolitical zones. The study found a strong positive relationship between microfinance service availability and the development of technopreneurial drive and enterprise growth among Nigerian businesses. It recommends that improving access to financial services through microfinance banks can help accelerate technopreneurship and the growth of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria.
Entrepreneurial Marketing Practice The Effect on Growth of Small and Medium S...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurial marketing EM practices have been identified as one of the important key ingredients for growth in small and medium enterprises. SMEs . The success or failure of SMEs is said to rest in part on the nature and types of marketing practices they employ. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of product development strategy and pricing strategies on growth of small and medium enterprises SMEs in Ekiti State. Survey design was employed in which questionnaires were used to collect primary data from the respondents. The population made up of owners managers of small and medium enterprises in Ekiti State while simple random techniques was used to select 150 samples size who participated in the study and inferential statistics including chi square was adopt to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that there is relationship between product development strategy, pricing strategy and the growth of small and medium enterprises. It was recommended that comprehensive training on product innovation for the SMEs owners manager on entrepreneurship and always adopts pricing strategies. Ogundele, Taiwo | Medayese Olanike Olayinka "Entrepreneurial Marketing Practice: The Effect on Growth of Small and Medium Scale Business in Ekiti State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49475.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/49475/entrepreneurial-marketing-practice-the-effect-on-growth-of-small-and-medium-scale-business-in-ekiti-state/ogundele-taiwo
This qualitative case study focused on developing a better understanding of a major utility
company’s knowledge management/customer service information and communications as well as practices
that were implemented during a catastrophic hurricane. The data collection and analysis procedure
revealed a gap when a comparison of the actual knowledge management practices that were used and not
used in the utility company’s customer response during the hurricane. Organizational practices of highperforming knowledge-management companies were used to analyze and compare their practices to utility
company. Findings from the analysis resulted in the establishment of a Balanced Scorecard framework for
recommended best practices and action steps with the potential to set new strategies and trajectories for
allorganizations.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
This document summarizes research on creativity, leadership, and management in the UK creative industries. It includes:
1) An online survey of over 100 creative industry professionals that identified top skills needs as leadership, strategy, financial management, innovation, and people management.
2) Interviews and focus groups with creative professionals that found development is preferred through informal, hands-on learning from mentors rather than formal classroom settings. Barriers to development include lack of time and money.
3) Conclusions that leadership requires balancing creativity and commercial demands. The industry is fragmented with many small businesses, and transitioning from creative to entrepreneur poses challenges. Development needs vary between freelancers and those at large companies.
Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises SME...ijtsrd
The contribution of small and medium enterprises SMEs is very critical to the growth and development of a developing region like South Eastern Nigeria. The objective of this study is to access the relationship that exists between capacity management and survival of small and medium enterprises SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. Survey method was used for this study while random sampling technique was adopted. Paired T test and Cronbach Alpha via Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 22 were used to analyse the data. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire as the primary research instrument. Findings showed that inventory level, level of employee skills and number of employees were significantly related with SMEs’ survival at 5 significantly level. In view of the above findings, this study concluded that effective capacity management is the fulcrum on which survival of SMEs revolves. The study therefore recommends among others that SMEs should give more serious attention to capacity management strategies in a bid to enhancing the survival of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. Musah Ishaq | Momoh Suleman Imonikhe | Mrs. Momoh Nanafatimah Bello "Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62369.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/62369/capacity-management-and-survival-of-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/musah-ishaq
Effects of the nigerian capital market on the micro, small and medium scale e...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on the effects of the Nigerian capital market on micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria. The study aims to analyze the financial incentives available to MSMEs through the capital market. It finds that MSMEs in Nigeria face significant financial constraints, including lack of access to appropriate financing from both money markets and capital markets. Listing requirements in the capital market also present difficulties for MSMEs seeking to raise capital. The research recommends creating a dedicated stock exchange for MSMEs to help address the "missing middle" of financing for these businesses.
Entrepreneurial Intention of Undergraduates in Sri Lanka with References to S...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that examined the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduates in Sri Lanka. It analyzed how fear of failure, network availability, entrepreneurial experience, and family support impact entrepreneurial intention. The study distributed surveys to 400 undergraduates across four universities. It found statistically significant positive correlations between network availability, experience, and family support with entrepreneurial intention. Fear of failure had a statistically significant negative correlation. Regression analysis also found fear of failure, network availability, and family support had statistically significant impacts on undergraduate entrepreneurial intention in Sri Lanka.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Top 10 Free Accounting and Bookkeeping Apps for Small BusinessesYourLegal Accounting
Maintaining a proper record of your money is important for any business whether it is small or large. It helps you stay one step ahead in the financial race and be aware of your earnings and any tax obligations.
However, managing finances without an entire accounting staff can be challenging for small businesses.
Accounting apps can help with that! They resemble your private money manager.
They organize all of your transactions automatically as soon as you link them to your corporate bank account. Additionally, they are compatible with your phone, allowing you to monitor your finances from anywhere. Cool, right?
Thus, we’ll be looking at several fantastic accounting apps in this blog that will help you develop your business and save time.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
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The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
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Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
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The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
1. International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
e-ISSN: 2348-6848
p-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 05 Issue 17
July 2018
Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 223
Entrepreneurial personal networks and performance of
small and medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano
State, Nigeria
1
Amaka Cordelia Egele , 2
Kibuuka Muhammad (PhD) , 3
Mutenyo John (PhD)
Federal College of Education Kano, Nigeria.
2 3
Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of
entrepreneurial personal networks on
performance of small and medium scale
enterprises (SMEs), using 393 respondents
selected from manufacturing, education,
trade and other services in Kano state,
Nigeria. SMEs’ efforts toward providing
solution to the problem of unemployment in
Nigeria and the world at large face stiff
opposition from their conception as a result
of many factors being responsible. The
study employed cross sectional research
design in which data was collected using
mixed strategies, interview and
questionnaire, results using Pearson linear
correlation and regression analysis.
Results indicate there is positive and
significant relationship between SMEs
performance and entrepreneurial personal
networks. Entrepreneurial personal
networks had a significant effect on SMEs
performance. The study adds value to the
growing body of knowledge in the field of
entrepreneurial development activities. The
study recommends that entrepreneurial
personal networks should be encouraged
by ensuring that operators participate
vigorous networking activities with their
local chamber of commerce and make sure
that such activities are done frequently so
that their abilities can be broadened and
improve their performance, the study
serves as a reference to anyone who is
interested in establishing his personal
business as it provides insight into the
improvement of entrepreneurial personal
networks in starting a new business and
also for any organization that is interested
in achieving profitability or continue
sustaining effective business venture.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial personal
networks, small and medium scale
enterprises (SMEs), performance of SMEs.
1. Introduction
The explosion and growth of Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) undoubtedly
has positively affected bottom-line
economic activities. The upward economy
boom has led to the creation of
employment, alleviation of poverty,
improved standards of living, generated
more revenue for governments, enhanced
the use of local raw materials, creating
viable markets, act as a training ground for
future entrepreneurs and reduction in crime
rate [17]. SMEs in Kano for some years
now have not performed creditably well
and hence have not played the expected
vital and vibrant role in the economic
growth and development of Nigeria [31];
[16]. Although the Nigerian government is
turning to SMEs as a means of economic
development and solving problems of
unemployment, several challenges are
currently facing Nigerian SMEs such as
lack of necessary business ideas [2], lack of
appropriate and adequate managerial and
entrepreneurial investment, poor funding
and widespread corruption and harassment
of SMEs in the country by some agencies
of government over unauthorized charges
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and levies which have plagued performance
of SMEs in the country [3]. These factors
among others have affected SMEs in one
way or the other. SMEs performance is also
constrained by internal and external factors,
such as the carrying capacity of the
environment, competition, government
regulations and bureaucratic procedures
[9]; [10]; [3]; [5]; and [25].
2. Literature review
Literature shows that there is no universal
agreement as to a precise definition of the
term “network”. However, certain
commonalities are significant. [12] Defined
an entrepreneur’s network as the sum total
of his or her relationships that involves all
the connections that a person has with other
people. Network is a specific type of
relation linking a defined set of persons,
objects or events or a set within which
certain types of mutually rewarding
relationships exist, from where an
entrepreneur can obtain resources and get
critical support for the development and
growth of a business. Resources that can be
obtained through networking include
information about business opportunities,
innovation, referrals, business linkages,
shared costs, networks of business partners,
professionals, technicians, specialists,
generalized consultants, the supply chain,
potential contractors, bankers, distributors,
clients, customer linkages, sector based
trade associations, professional
memberships, chambers of commerce,
institutional ties as well as networks of
collaboration and coordination.
[18] Also focus on the personal nature of
networks by pointing out that entrepreneurs
make use of resources that are external to
the venture by establishing personal
relationships that may be used for
professional assistance. They stressed that
the objective of networking is to gain a
competitive advantage by extending
resource availability beyond the assets
under direct control of the entrepreneur. [8]
Observe that networking is the process of
enlarging the entrepreneur’s circle of trust
and stresses that networking is a function of
the negotiation process. Similarly, [22]
while attempting to distinguish social
capital from social networks, suggested that
networks are based on trust that
entrepreneurs when building networks seek
out persons described as ‘trusted alters’
(people with similar beliefs, experiences,
patterns of association) such as relatives,
old friends or previous work associates.
They further maintain that networks can be
categorized as those that provide personal
support, professional support
(entrepreneurial networks) or public
support (social networks).
[19] Maintain that networking enhances the
development of social networks between
entrepreneurs housed within the incubator
and growth depends upon trust and the
growth of the networks will be inhibited by
a lack of trust, often exhibited by an
unwillingness to share information.
3. Small and medium enterprises
There is no single definition of small and
medium scale enterprise business that is
universally accepted. For instance, different
sectors of the economy have different
interpretations of the SMEs business.
Although different countries define SMEs
businesses differently, it is accepted
practice to make use of quantitative and
qualitative criteria when attempting to
define small and medium scale enterprise
business [13]. In the European union the
most frequent upper limit designation of
SME is 250 employees, but some countries
set the limit to 200, while the United States
consider SMEs to include firms with fewer
than 500 employees. In South Africa, SME
is regarded as the ones with the potential
for job creation and makes a substantial
contribution of 35% to Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) of South Africa, thus
classifications are small firm: 10 - 99
employees, medium firm: 100 - 249
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employees [29]. SMEs from Nigeria
context are described thus: The Federal
Ministry of Commerce and Industry,
Nigeria described SMEs as firms with a
total investment N750, 000 as capital but
excluding costs of land and paid employee
of up to fifty (50) persons [26]. Central
Bank of Nigeria (CBN) defined SMEs as
those enterprises with turnover of up to
N500, 000 only. [21] defined SMEs as
enterprises with a labor size of 11-100
workers or a total cost of not more than
N50 million, including working capital but
excluding cost of land. The study adopted
the definitions given by the National
council of industry [21] as the operational
definition of SMEs. The choice was made
considering the total cost ($50 million)
employed and the number of employees
(11-100) as measuring indicators and also
as they enabled the researcher to capture
several SMEs at the grass root level of the
areas.
4. Performance of SMEs
In the field of entrepreneurship, SMEs
performance has been considered as an
important construct. There has been no
agreement, however, among researchers on
the appropriate measure of performance.
Previous studies have suggested that
growth and financial measures are
important performance measures for small
and medium enterprises [30]. A few studies
have used non-financial measures of SMEs
performance such as customer and product
performance, customer satisfaction and
employee turnover [24]. [14] On their
definition revealed nine important criteria
that are often used as indicators of business
success thus: Profit, growth and innovation,
firm-survival or longevity, contributing
back to society, personal satisfaction,
satisfied stakeholders, in particular
customer satisfaction and employee
satisfaction, achievement of work-life
balance and public recognition. Financial
measures are considered critical in
determining the survival and success of the
firm. [11] also categorized SMEs
performance measurement into four,
namely: (i) Profit which include: return on
assets, return on investment and return on
sales (ii) Growth in term of: sales, market
share and wealth creation (iii) Stakeholder
satisfaction which include: customer
satisfaction and employees satisfaction and
(iv) competitive position which include:
overall competitive position and success
rate in launching new product. This study
adopted profit, [27]; [11]; [14] sales growth
[7]; [30] innovation [24], years of survival
from the literature as measures of SMEs
performance.
5. Empirical review
Prior empirical studies have also
established a positive relationship between
entrepreneurial networks and SMEs
performance. For example, [6] investigated
networks and performance of SMEs in
different stages of business life cycle in
Netherlands, using a qualitative approach.
The results revealed a significant positive
relationship between performance and
entrepreneurial networks in both the start-
up stage and the growth stage of the firm.
Examined the influence of network effects
on SMEs performance using data collected
from 227 CEOs of small Iranian
information technology companies. Their
results showed that emotional intelligence
drives entrepreneurial style, network
structure and external networking behavior.
Their results also showed that
entrepreneurial style does not influence
external networking behavior. This
suggests that entrepreneurs consider
emotional intelligence in making business
contacts as energies entrepreneurial style,
network structure and external networking
behavior that lead to business success.
In another study, [4] evaluated networking,
resource acquisition and the performance of
SMEs in three major cities in China. They
used exploratory method, questionnaire and
telephone interviews among102
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respondents. Their results showed evidence
that resource acquisition and performance
of a firm were positively correlated with
networking. The study showed that
networking is very important for an
entrepreneur that will enable him acquire
different types of resources for effective
performance of his business. The finding
from [4] suggests that entrepreneurs can
interact effectively with others and this may
also play a role in their firm performance.
This implies building inter-firm linkages
between firms and creditors in value chains
which able access to resources and reap of
the benefits that contribute to firms' growth
and success. In another study, [20]
examined factors affecting the performance
of SMEs in Malaysia, using 209 SMEs in
the manufacturing and manufacturing
related services sector, via e-mail. The
result of their study showed that the use of
marketing information skills can influence
the performance of SMEs at the highest.
There is a clear connection between good
business with use of marketing information
skills as well as the application of
information technology and the
performance of SMEs.
In a related study, [28] examined social
capital in the growth of science-and-
technology-based SMEs. Using a
longitudinal multiple case study of three
companies and selected industry experts,
the results of their longitudinal multiple
case studies showed that; (i) different types
of networks and relationships were
important in the transitional periods
between the growth phases that enhance
performance; and (ii) the role of social
capital and its different dimensions varies
in developing, maintaining and utilizing
these partnerships and network
relationships. Networking is very important
in varying events such as growth of the
business, maintenance and even connecting
partners for effective performance. This
suggests that entrepreneur who succeed
devote effort to knowing when, where and
how to plan for the events of networking as
it help them to express problems
effectively. [23] Assessed the
entrepreneur’s network and firm
performance in Yangzi River Delta
manufacturing center of domestic capitalist
enterprises in China. Using chief executive
officers (CEOs), a novel sequential
framework to analyze concrete network ties
over time, result revealed that it is the
content of ties that matters crucially for the
relationship between networks and firm
performance. The implication that stand out
from [23] findings, is that the tasks of
entrepreneurs in interaction/networking
with other people adequately help them
planned for it, since network content will
enable them raise capital, acquire good
employees, delegate effectively, establish
trust and legitimacy, develop networks,
monitor, evaluate and retain workers and so
on for the growth of the business.
[15] Investigated isolating mechanism as a
means to improve performance of SMEs.
They examined the effect of entrepreneurial
orientation, isolating mechanism, quality of
strategy as independent variables and
networking capabilities as an intervening
variable on marketing performance of Batik
small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) in Central Java, Indonesia. Data
collected on 160 owner/manager revealed a
direct positive effect of entrepreneurial
orientation and quality of strategy on
networking capabilities and networking
capabilities on marketing performance.
Since networking capabilities influence
marketing performance, it suggests that
entrepreneurs who carefully identify and
developed strong networks will be more
successful than those who did not, as
networking capabilities ensure survival and
reduce costs, which are important
dimensions of firms’ performance. This
study has not solely adopted the use of
questionnaire to acquire quantitative data
for analysis but included interview unlike
[6] who used qualitative data only; they
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used a combination of face to face meetings
and questionnaire; [6] they used
questionnaire and telephone interview; [23]
used novel sequential framework and [28]
used longitudinal multiple case study of
three SMEs, also this present study focused
on a cross sectional design unlike [28] that
adopted longitudinal case study approach.
6. Methodology
The study adopted a cross-sectional survey
design to collect data from a sample of 396
owners, managers and staff in Kano state,
selected using purposive and stratified
random sampling techniques. Only those
SMEs registered with the Ministry of
Trade, Commerce and Industries Kano state
and had operated for two years and above
and were in manufacturing, education,
trade and other services were selected. Data
was collected using a questionnaire and an
interview guide. The questionnaire was
based on a five point Likert scale as used.
Because the tools used in data collection
were not standardized, we pre-tested them,
for validity and reliability before
administration. Data cleaning was through
checking for multi co linearity, missing
values, checking outliers, testing for
normality, linearity, sampling adequacy and
test for sphericity. All these tests were first
confirmed with the required rules of thumb
before final analysis was done. Data were
analyzed using means, standard deviations,
Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and
linear regression.
7. Findings
The main objective of this study was to
investigate the effect of entrepreneurial
personal networks on the performance of
SMEs in Kano State, Nigeria. Data on
entrepreneurial personal networks and
SMEs performance were collected with ten
and 13 questions/items respectively in the
questionnaire. Respondents rated the extent
of their entrepreneurial personal networks
and SMEs performance on a five point
scale, where1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 =
moderate; 4 = high; 5= very high. Their
responses were summarized using
descriptive statistics as presented in table 1.
Table 1 Means and standard deviations on entrepreneurial personal networks and
SMEs’ performance of owners, managers and staff in Kano state, Nigeria
Entrepreneurial personal networks elements Mean SD Interpretation Rank
Selling your vision and mission to staff/linkage 3.19 .935 Moderate extent 1
Direct sale calls to customers 3.18 1.095 Moderate extent 2
Building your market visibility 3.16 .808 Moderate extent 3
Understanding customers by name/creating trust among
others 3.12 .912 Moderate extent 4
Referrals to share your products/services 3.12 .808 Moderate extent 5
Membership of exchange groups 2.96 .801 Moderate extent 6
Selling your business to others through giving out
business cards and fliers 2.86 1.149 Moderate extent 7
Membership of professional association 2.81 .758 Moderate extent 8
Sharing e-newsletters to your existing customers 2.76 .993 Moderate extent 9
Membership of chambers of commerce 2.74 1.141 Moderate extent 10
Average mean 2.99 0.627 Moderate extent
SMEs performance indicators Mean SD Interpretation Rank
Competitive strength 3.63 0.833 High performance 1
Customer satisfaction 3.54 0.707 High performance 2
Sales volume 3.48 0.932 High performance 3
Increase in number of customers 3.45 1.042 High performance 4
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Increase in profit 3.42 0.989 High performance 5
Supply of inputs 3.36 0.808 Moderate performance 6
Meeting benchmark 3.31 0.852 Moderate performance 7
Personal satisfaction 3.26 0.718 Moderate performance 8
Constant innovation 3.17 0.711 Moderate performance 9
Business survival 3.16 0.836 Moderate performance 10
High business asset 3.16 1.111 Moderate performance 11
High working capital 3.10 0.862 Moderate performance 12
Staff strength 3.04 0.740 Moderate performance 13
Average mean 3.31 0.690 Moderate performance
Source: Researcher’s Computation from primary data (2017)
Mean range Interpretation
1.00 – 1.79 very low
1.80 – 2.59 low
2.60 – 3.39 moderate
3.40 – 4.19 High
4.20 – 5.00 Very high
The results in Table 1 reveal that,
respondents rated all their entrepreneurial
personal networks items moderately, with
overall average mean of 2.99. The Moderate
ratings in Table 1 suggests that respondents
were not very familiar with the
entrepreneurial personal networks activities
at all levels since they were not able to
identify the other levels of assistance of
entrepreneurial personal networks events to
their business performance. Generally,
respondents rated their SMEs performance
as being moderate, as indicated by the
average mean of 3.31, with a low score on
standard deviation, suggesting that scores
did not deviate much from the mean. The
highest scored aspect of SMEs performance
was competitive strength, with a mean of
3.63 and standard deviation of 0.833
suggesting that SMEs viewed their business
competitive strength as being the best asset
they had. The overall picture on SMEs
performance suggested that the owners,
managers and staff were not very satisfied
with the current level of their performance,
since they were not able to rate any aspect of
the performance variables very high. It is
also important that the SMEs were able to
identify what was not doing well in their
enterprises, an indication that they could
improve.
7.1 Relationship between
Entrepreneurial Personal Networks and
Performance of SMEs in Kano state,
Nigeria
Under correlation analysis, the researcher
wanted to ascertain the extent to which
performance of SMEs was correlated with
the entrepreneurial personal networks in
Kano state, Nigeria. The two variables were
correlated using Pearson’s linear coefficient
correlation and it show that the correlation
coefficient was 0.491 and significant at P<
0.000 as indicated in table 2.
Table 2: Pearson’s linear Correlation Coefficient Results for Entrepreneurial Personal
Networks and Performance of SMEs in Kano state, Nigeria
Variables correlated r-
value
Sig value Interpretation
Entrepreneurial personal networks Vs
Performance of SMEs 0.491 0.000 Significant
correlation
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Source: Researcher’s Computation from primary data (2017)
By this result in Table 2, entrepreneurial
personal networks positively and
significantly correlate with performance of
SMEs since the sig value is below 0.05. This
implied that an improvement on
entrepreneurial personal networks is likely
to increase performance of the SMEs in
Kano state, Nigeria.
7.2 Testing the null hypothesis
Null hypothesis was, personal networks
have no significant effect on the
performance of SMEs in Kano State,
Nigeria. To test this, data on entrepreneurial
personal networks (Table1) was regressed
with the data on small and medium scale
enterprises performance. Results are
indicated on table 3
Table 3: Regression Analysis for Entrepreneurial Personal Networks and Performance
SMEs in Kano state, Nigeria
Variables Regressed Adjusted R square r2 F-value Sig. Interpretatio
n
Decisio
n on
Ho
Entrepreneurial
personal networks vs
SMEs performance .239 123.8
80
.00
0
Significant
effect
Rejecte
d
Coefficients B Std. Err. t sig
(Constant) 1.163
.195 5.959
.00
0
Significant
effect
Rejecte
d
Entrepreneurial
personal networks .669
.060
11.13
0
.00
0
Significant
effect
Rejecte
d
Source: Researcher’s Computation from primary data (2017)
The results of linear regression in Table 3
show that the model was significant since
the sig value (0.000) was less than 0.005.
The adjusted r square (r2
) indicate that the
predictor (entrepreneurial personal
networks) explains 23.9% variations in
SME performance (Adjusted r square =
0.239). The F statistic and p- value that
show the model is significant at 0.000.
Based on these results the null hypothesis
is rejected and we infer that
entrepreneurial personal networks can
significantly affect SME performance in
Kano state Nigeria. The coefficients
suggest that a one unit increase in
entrepreneurial personal networks can
bring a 0.669 improvement in SME
performance and vice versa (Beta = 0.669)
and this is statistically significant (sig =
0.000, t = 11.130).
Concerning the interview on
entrepreneurial personal networks, owners,
managers and staff, were not very familiar
with the entrepreneurial personal networks
activities but with clarifications, they
affirmed. Based on the interpretations and
understandings the researchers infer that
accurate activities of personal networking
actually assisted them in activities of their
businesses. On their performance,
respondents perceived low improvement
during the years under study from the
discussion.
8. Discussion
The study intended to establish whether
entrepreneurial personal networks can
significantly affect the performance of
SMEs in Kano State, Nigeria. The findings
supported the hypothesis that
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entrepreneurial personal networks
significantly affect performance of SMEs
in Kano State, Nigeria. This finding is
consistent with many prior empirical
studies. Specifically, the positive effect of
entrepreneurial personal networks on
SMEs performance was consistent with the
findings by [6] who revealed that
entrepreneurial networks in both the start-
up and the growth stages of the firm are
indispensable in co-ordinating business
resources. Likewise, [4] found results
similar to those of the present study. They
reported that, networking is very important
for an entrepreneur, it enables him acquire
different types of resources for effective
performance of his business. In describing
the correlation between the two variables,
[28] indicated that personal networking
involved sets of human skills, which
enable entrepreneurs coordinate most
business activities, for example raising
capital, attracting good employees,
delegating effectively, monitor, evaluate,
maintaining and utilizing these
partnerships and retain workers which the
present study affirmed.
Accordingly, entrepreneurial networking
skills, such as effective communication
between entrepreneur and customers, are
considered indispensable conditions for
retaining customers, as well as achieving
sustained competitive advantage. This
present study’s finding is in line with the
report of [20] who stated that there is need
to develop networks through effective
communication, to expand markets,
increase sales and profit, ensure survival
and reduce costs, which are important
dimensions of SMEs performance. It is
important for SMEs owners, managers and
staff to implement the strategies on content
of networks for effective performance.
Poor networking can make many business
owners, managers and staff, fail to trust
other people or not knowing how to hold
the trusted individuals responsible, who
contributed to their failure or make
business enterprises not to survive. In line
with this, the present study supported [23]
that content of network ties matters
crucially for effective firm performance.
Accordingly, the present study is in line
with [15] who also emphasized quality of
strategy on networking capabilities on
marketing performance as being very
critical when they investigated isolating
mechanism as a means to improve
performance of SMEs, of Batik in Central
Java, Indonesia.
9 Conclusion
Entrepreneurial personal networks if
well-developed can positively and
significantly influence performance of
SMEs in Kano state, Nigeria. The results
of this study serves as reference to
anyone who is interested in establishing
his personal business which will provide
insight into networking in starting a
business and also for any organization
that is interested in achieving profitability
or continue sustaining effective business
to achieve growth and sustainable
development. Entrepreneurial personal
networks were strong guarantee for
business deals, at the conception stage,
they enabled extensive formal networks
with various authorities, investors,
business incubators and so on; at the
early stages of a new venture
development, highly developed
entrepreneurial environment and the
availability of different
products/services from business
supporting organizations and SMEs
owners, managers and staff.
9. Recommendation
Entrepreneurial personal networks should
be encouraged by ensuring that operators
participate vigorously in networking
activities such as being members in the
local chamber of commerce; local business
groups to share ideas about their
product/services; sharing e-newsletters to
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their existing customers /getting contacts
from customers, staff and friends and so
on, where these activities are sustained and
continuous, the operators’ capabilities will
be enhanced which will continue to
positively influence performance of their
SMEs as the findings showed a robust
effect.
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