Web Services are the newest mechanism of communication among applications. Web Services are independent of both hardware and software infrastructure, they are very flexible and scalable. Lack of security features provided by the web services creates a window of opportunity for attackers. Web Services are offered on Http with Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) as an underlying infrastructure. Both SOAP and Web Services relies heavily on XML, hence, Web Services are most vulnerable to attacks using XML as an attack parameter. Several attacks use XML and most of them lies in the category of XML injection.XML based attacks discussed in this study covered a variety of attacks for example Denial of Services and Data Theft, escalation of privileges etc. Among these attacks the injections attacks on the web services are more severe and being given special attention. This study is aimed at providing an insight of the various forms of XML injections such as XPath injection, Coercive Parsing, and oversize payload.
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
Generally, most Web applications use relational databases to store and retrieve information. But, the growing acceptance of XML technologies for documents it is logical that security should be integrated with XML solutions. In a web application, an improper user inputs is a main cause for a wide variety of attacks. XML Path or XPath language is used for querying information from the nodes of an XML document. XPath
Injection is an attack technique, much like SQL injection, exists when a malicious user can insert arbitrary XPath code into form fields and URL query parameters in order to inject this code directly into the XPath query evaluation engine. Through the crafted input a malicious user would bypass authentication or to
access restricted data from the XML data source.Hence, we proposed an approach to detect XPath injection attack in XML databases at runtime. Our approach intercept XPath expression and parse the XQuery expression to find the inputs to be placed in the expression. The identified inputs are used to design
an XML file and it would be validated through a schema.
Study of Web Application Attacks & Their Countermeasuresidescitation
Web application security is among the hottest issue
in present web scenario due to increasing use of web
applications for e-business environment. Web application has
become the easiest way to provide wide range of services to
users. Due to transfer of confidential data during these services
web application are more vulnerable to attacks. Web
application attack occurs because of lack of security awareness
and poor programming skills. According to Imperva web
application attack report [1] websites are probe once every
two minutes and this has been increased to ten attacks per
second in year 2012. In this paper we have presented most
common and dangerous web application attacks and their
countermeasures.
SQL injection is the major susceptible attack in today’s era of web application which attacks the database to gain unauthorized and illicit access. It works as an intermediate between web application and database. Most of the time, well-known people fire the SQL injection, who is previously working in the organisation on the present database. Today organisation has major concern is to stop SQL injection because it is the major vulnerable attack in the database. SQLI attacks target databases that are reachable through web front. SQLI prevention technique efficiently blocked all of the attacks without generating any false positive. In this paper we present different techniques and tools which can prevent various attacks.
In this digital era, organizations and industries are moving towards replacing websites with web applications for many obvious reasons. With this transition towards web-based applications, organizations and industries find themselves surrounded by several threats and vulnerabilities. One of the largest concerns is keeping their infrastructure safe from attacks and misuse. Web security entails applying a set of procedures and practices, by applying several security principles at various layers to protect web servers, web users, and their surrounding environment. In this paper, we will discuss several attacks that may affect web-based applications namely: SQL injection attacks, cookie poisoning, cross-site scripting, and buffer overflow. Additionally, we will discuss detection and prevention methods from such attacks.
SQL Injection Prevention by Adaptive AlgorithmIOSR Journals
The document proposes an adaptive algorithm to prevent SQL injection attacks. It first surveys different SQL injection methods like tautology attacks, piggybacked queries, union queries, and illegal queries. It then analyzes existing techniques like parse tree validation and code conversion. The proposed method combines these techniques by parsing user input, checking for vulnerabilities, and applying code conversion if needed. The algorithm is implemented in PHP and MySQL and results show it can sanitize input securely without performance overhead. The adaptive approach provides stronger security than existing individual techniques.
The document discusses various types of injection attacks, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and OS command injection. It describes the mechanisms of these attacks and how they can be used to steal data, bypass authentication, and compromise systems. The document then provides several countermeasures that can be implemented to help prevent injection attacks, such as input validation, prepared statements, firewalls, access control, and encryption.
A Survey on Authorization Systems for Web Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Prevention of SQL injection in E- Commerceijceronline
Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
Generally, most Web applications use relational databases to store and retrieve information. But, the growing acceptance of XML technologies for documents it is logical that security should be integrated with XML solutions. In a web application, an improper user inputs is a main cause for a wide variety of attacks. XML Path or XPath language is used for querying information from the nodes of an XML document. XPath
Injection is an attack technique, much like SQL injection, exists when a malicious user can insert arbitrary XPath code into form fields and URL query parameters in order to inject this code directly into the XPath query evaluation engine. Through the crafted input a malicious user would bypass authentication or to
access restricted data from the XML data source.Hence, we proposed an approach to detect XPath injection attack in XML databases at runtime. Our approach intercept XPath expression and parse the XQuery expression to find the inputs to be placed in the expression. The identified inputs are used to design
an XML file and it would be validated through a schema.
Study of Web Application Attacks & Their Countermeasuresidescitation
Web application security is among the hottest issue
in present web scenario due to increasing use of web
applications for e-business environment. Web application has
become the easiest way to provide wide range of services to
users. Due to transfer of confidential data during these services
web application are more vulnerable to attacks. Web
application attack occurs because of lack of security awareness
and poor programming skills. According to Imperva web
application attack report [1] websites are probe once every
two minutes and this has been increased to ten attacks per
second in year 2012. In this paper we have presented most
common and dangerous web application attacks and their
countermeasures.
SQL injection is the major susceptible attack in today’s era of web application which attacks the database to gain unauthorized and illicit access. It works as an intermediate between web application and database. Most of the time, well-known people fire the SQL injection, who is previously working in the organisation on the present database. Today organisation has major concern is to stop SQL injection because it is the major vulnerable attack in the database. SQLI attacks target databases that are reachable through web front. SQLI prevention technique efficiently blocked all of the attacks without generating any false positive. In this paper we present different techniques and tools which can prevent various attacks.
In this digital era, organizations and industries are moving towards replacing websites with web applications for many obvious reasons. With this transition towards web-based applications, organizations and industries find themselves surrounded by several threats and vulnerabilities. One of the largest concerns is keeping their infrastructure safe from attacks and misuse. Web security entails applying a set of procedures and practices, by applying several security principles at various layers to protect web servers, web users, and their surrounding environment. In this paper, we will discuss several attacks that may affect web-based applications namely: SQL injection attacks, cookie poisoning, cross-site scripting, and buffer overflow. Additionally, we will discuss detection and prevention methods from such attacks.
SQL Injection Prevention by Adaptive AlgorithmIOSR Journals
The document proposes an adaptive algorithm to prevent SQL injection attacks. It first surveys different SQL injection methods like tautology attacks, piggybacked queries, union queries, and illegal queries. It then analyzes existing techniques like parse tree validation and code conversion. The proposed method combines these techniques by parsing user input, checking for vulnerabilities, and applying code conversion if needed. The algorithm is implemented in PHP and MySQL and results show it can sanitize input securely without performance overhead. The adaptive approach provides stronger security than existing individual techniques.
The document discusses various types of injection attacks, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and OS command injection. It describes the mechanisms of these attacks and how they can be used to steal data, bypass authentication, and compromise systems. The document then provides several countermeasures that can be implemented to help prevent injection attacks, such as input validation, prepared statements, firewalls, access control, and encryption.
A Survey on Authorization Systems for Web Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Prevention of SQL injection in E- Commerceijceronline
Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
Sqlas tool to detect and prevent attacks in php web applicationsijsptm
Web applications become an important part of our daily lives. Many other activities are relay on the functionality and security of these applications. Web application injection attacks, such as SQL injection (SQLIA), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (XSRF) are major threats to the
security of the Web Applications. Most of the methods are focused on detection and prevention from these
web application vulnerabilities at Run Time, which need manual monitoring efforts. Main goal of our work
is different in the way it aims to create new systems that are safe against injection attacks to begin with, thus allowing developers the freedom to write and execute code without having to worry about these attacks. In this paper we present SQL Attack Scanner (SQLAS) a Tool which can detect & prevent SQL injection Attack in web applications. We analyzed the performance of our proposed tool SQLAS with various PHP web applications and its results clearly determines the effectiveness of detection and prevention of our proposed tool. SQLAS scans web applications offline, it reduces time and manual effort due to less overhead of runtime monitoring because it only focus on fragments that are vulnerable for attacks. We use XAMPP for client server environment and developed a TESTBED on JAVA for evaluation of our proposed tool SQLAS.
A Study on Detection and Prevention of SQL Injection AttackIRJET Journal
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and proposes a method for detecting and preventing them. It begins with an introduction to SQL injection attacks and discusses how they work. It then reviews related literature on detecting and preventing SQL injection. The proposed system would use Aho-Corasick string matching to build a state machine model of valid SQL queries during static analysis. Runtime monitoring would then check dynamically generated queries against this static model to detect malicious queries before database execution.
Cross Site Scripting Attacks and Preventive MeasuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and preventive measures. It discusses that XSS attacks allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages through inputs like search fields or comment boxes. There are three main types of XSS attacks: non-persistent reflect XSS through query parameters, persistent stored XSS by storing scripts on servers, and DOM-based XSS using document object model functions. Input validation and code filtering are effective preventive measures. The document also proposes a script filtering algorithm to sanitize inputs and prevent execution of malicious scripts.
The document discusses developing secure web applications. It proposes using input validation, encryption of sensitive data, preventing SQL injection attacks, and collecting access logs. Input is validated by only allowing a whitelist of known good characters. Sensitive data like passwords are encrypted using an encryption algorithm. SQL injection is prevented by replacing malicious strings with blank spaces. Access logs record client IP addresses and page requests to trace activity and block malicious IPs. The techniques aim to make web applications and data more secure against common attacks like SQL injection, brute force, and denial of service.
The document discusses SQL injection attacks, which take advantage of un-sanitized input in web applications to execute malicious SQL commands. It describes various types of SQL injection attacks, including piggybacked queries, stored procedures, union queries, and blind SQL injection. The document also covers mitigation techniques used to prevent SQL injection attacks.
This document summarizes vulnerabilities in web applications and methods to protect against them. It discusses how vulnerabilities can occur from issues like format string exploits, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. The document also describes different approaches to testing for vulnerabilities, including white-box and black-box testing. Additionally, it analyzes vulnerability information from various organization's lists of top vulnerability categories to provide a comparative overview. The goal is to help organizations identify and address vulnerabilities in their web applications.
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and proposes a parser to prevent them. It begins with an introduction that describes the architecture of web applications and databases, and how SQL injection exploits vulnerabilities in this architecture. It then provides an overview of SQL injection attacks, explaining how malicious SQL commands can be inserted to trick applications into executing unintended queries. The document proposes a parser that determines if queries are functionally equivalent to prevent SQL injection. It was tested on a sample application and results were positive. In the next sections, the document discusses the working of SQL injections in more detail and categorizes different types of SQL injection attacks.
This document proposes a technique called "web service oriented XPATH authentication" to prevent SQL injection attacks. The proposed system uses two filtration models - an active guard model to detect and prevent suspicious characters, and a service detector model that validates user input against stored data. The system aims to effectively secure applications like banking by preventing all forms of SQL attacks while allowing legitimate users to access databases. Modules described include information gathering, identifying input parameters, and employing various techniques to prevent SQL injection attacks like tautologies, malformed queries, and inference.
fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff...Rana sing
This document proposes a technique called "web service oriented XPATH authentication" to prevent SQL injection attacks. The proposed system uses two filtration models - an active guard model to detect and prevent suspicious characters, and a service detector model that validates user input against stored data. The system aims to effectively secure applications like banking by identifying input parameters and applying prevention techniques to queries before they access the database.
IRJET- An Efficient Technique for Finding SQL Injection using Reverse Proxy S...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an efficient technique for detecting SQL injection attacks using a reverse proxy server. It proposes redirecting user inputs to a proxy server before sending them to the application server. A data cleansing algorithm would then sanitize the inputs by checking for malicious patterns. If patterns are found, the request is rejected, otherwise it is passed to the application server. The technique aims to detect and prevent 93% of SQL injections and 85% of cross-site scripting attacks with low false positives. It uses techniques like pattern matching, sanitization of HTML/JavaScript, and tokenization to cleanse inputs before execution on the database.
Routine Detection Of Web Application Defence FlawsIJTET Journal
Abstract— The detection process for security vulnerabilities in ASP.NET websites / web applications is a complex one, most of the code is written by somebody else and there is no documentation to determine the purpose of source code. The characteristic of source code defects generates major web application vulnerabilities. The typical software faults that are behind of web application vulnerabilities, taking into different programming languages. To analyze their ability to prevent security vulnerabilities ASP.NET which is part of .NET framework that separate the HTML code from the programming code in two files, aspx file and another for the programming code. It depends on the compiled language (Visual Basic VB, C sharp C#, Java Script). Visual Basic and C# are the most common languages using with ASP.NET files, and these two compiled languages are in the construction of our proposed algorithm in addition to aspx files. The hacker can inject his malicious as a input or script that can destroy the database or steal website files. By using scanning tool the fault detection process can be done. The scanning process inspects three types of files (aspx, VB and C#). then the software faults are identified. By using fault recovery process the prepared replacement statement technique is used to detect the vulnerabilities and recover it with high efficiency and it provides suggestion then the report is generated then it will help to improve the overall security of the system.
Cookies are the mechanisms that maintain an
authentication state between the user and web application.
Therefore cookies are the possible targets for the attackers. Cross
Site Scripting (XSS) attack is one of such attacks against the web
applications in which a user has to compromise its browser’s
resources (e.g. cookies). In this paper, a novel technique of
SHA_512 Hash Technique is introduced whose aim is to make
cookies worthless for the attackers. The work done in HTTP
protocol with windows10.
Prevention of SQL Injection Attack in Web Application with Host LanguageIRJET Journal
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and methods to prevent them when building web applications. It begins by defining SQL injection attacks and describing common types like tautology, union queries, and blind injection. It then presents approaches to prevent SQL injection using host languages like PHP and Java. These include prepared statements, escaping strings, and stripping tags when handling user inputs in PHP. For Java, it recommends prepared statements to protect against attackers modifying queries. The key message is that input validation and using features like prepared statements in PHP and Java can help secure databases and prevent unauthorized access during SQL queries.
SQL injection attack is the most common and difficult to handle attacks now days. SQL injection attack is of five types. In these paper details of SQL injection is mentioned.
IRJET- Bug Hunting using Web Application Penetration Testing Techniques.IRJET Journal
The document discusses various web application penetration testing techniques for finding bugs, or vulnerabilities. It describes tools like Acunetix, Nmap, and Burp Suite that can be used to detect vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, cross-site request forgery (CSRF), parameter tampering, and clickjacking. Code examples are provided for exploiting some of these vulnerabilities, like using CSRF to perform unauthorized actions on a user's account. The goal is to help web developers identify and address vulnerabilities in their applications to make them more secure.
The document discusses web application security and SQL injections. It defines a web application as any application served via HTTP/HTTPS from a remote server. Web applications often collect sensitive personal data, so security is important to protect privacy and limit legal liability. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities like SQL injections to access unauthorized data. The document outlines common SQL injection techniques, like modifying queries with additional commands or UNION operators, and recommends best practices like parameterized queries and input validation to prevent SQL injections.
Prevention of SQL Injection Attacks having XML DatabaseIOSR Journals
This document discusses an XML-based technique called XML-SQL for preventing SQL injection attacks. It proposes submitting all client data to the server in an XML format and having the server validate the entire XML file against pre-defined validation rules at once, rather than validating each data item separately. This allows complex data to be validated more easily and generically. The technique aims to separate the data validation from the application development to make the developer's job simpler and more secure.
This Slide contain information about the SQL injection.
Types of SQL injection and some case study about the SQL injection and some technique so we prevent our system
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
The document describes an approach called PXpathV that detects XPath injection vulnerabilities in web applications. PXpathV works by intercepting XPath expressions, analyzing them to identify user input parameters, generating an XML file with the parameters, and validating the XML file against a schema to detect any injection attempts. An evaluation of PXpathV showed it increased response times but successfully identified injection vulnerabilities that would otherwise not be detected.
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
Generally, most Web applications use relational databases to store and retrieve information. But, the growing acceptance of XML technologies for documents it is logical that security should be integrated with XML solutions. In a web application, an improper user inputs is a main cause for a wide variety of attacks. XML Path or XPath language is used for querying information from the nodes of an XML document. XPath Injection is an attack technique, much like SQL injection, exists when a malicious user can insert arbitrary XPath code into form fields and URL query parameters in order to inject this code directly into the XPath query evaluation engine. Through the crafted input a malicious user would bypass authentication or to access restricted data from the XML data source.Hence, we proposed an approach to detect XPath injection attack in XML databases at runtime. Our approach intercept XPath expression and parse the XQuery expression to find the inputs to be placed in the expression. The identified inputs are used to design an XML file and it would be validated through a schema.
This document provides a survey of various authorization systems that have been proposed for web applications and web services. It begins with an introduction to web services and common security issues and attacks. It then describes several existing authorization models and frameworks that have been used for web services, including attribute-based access control, role-based access control using LDAP, and interactive access control. The document compares these different authorization techniques based on factors like separation of duties, fine-grained authorization, nature of the system, and performance. It concludes that most proposed systems authorize based on role models but few can dynamically authorize requests or integrate well with service-oriented architectures.
SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Siteijtsrd
Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection is a code injection technique that exploits security vulnerability occurring in database layer of web applications [8]. According to Open Web Application Security Projects (OWASP), SQL Injection is one of top 10 web based attacks [10]. This paper shows the basics of SQL Injection attack, types of SQL Injection Attack according to their classification. It also describes the survey of different SQL Injection attack detection and prevention. At the end of this paper, the comparison of different SQL Injection Attack detection and prevention is shown. Mr. Vishal Andodariya"SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Site" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13034.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/13034/sql-injection-attack-detection-and-prevention-techniques-to-secure-web-site/mr-vishal-andodariya
Sqlas tool to detect and prevent attacks in php web applicationsijsptm
Web applications become an important part of our daily lives. Many other activities are relay on the functionality and security of these applications. Web application injection attacks, such as SQL injection (SQLIA), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (XSRF) are major threats to the
security of the Web Applications. Most of the methods are focused on detection and prevention from these
web application vulnerabilities at Run Time, which need manual monitoring efforts. Main goal of our work
is different in the way it aims to create new systems that are safe against injection attacks to begin with, thus allowing developers the freedom to write and execute code without having to worry about these attacks. In this paper we present SQL Attack Scanner (SQLAS) a Tool which can detect & prevent SQL injection Attack in web applications. We analyzed the performance of our proposed tool SQLAS with various PHP web applications and its results clearly determines the effectiveness of detection and prevention of our proposed tool. SQLAS scans web applications offline, it reduces time and manual effort due to less overhead of runtime monitoring because it only focus on fragments that are vulnerable for attacks. We use XAMPP for client server environment and developed a TESTBED on JAVA for evaluation of our proposed tool SQLAS.
A Study on Detection and Prevention of SQL Injection AttackIRJET Journal
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and proposes a method for detecting and preventing them. It begins with an introduction to SQL injection attacks and discusses how they work. It then reviews related literature on detecting and preventing SQL injection. The proposed system would use Aho-Corasick string matching to build a state machine model of valid SQL queries during static analysis. Runtime monitoring would then check dynamically generated queries against this static model to detect malicious queries before database execution.
Cross Site Scripting Attacks and Preventive MeasuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and preventive measures. It discusses that XSS attacks allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages through inputs like search fields or comment boxes. There are three main types of XSS attacks: non-persistent reflect XSS through query parameters, persistent stored XSS by storing scripts on servers, and DOM-based XSS using document object model functions. Input validation and code filtering are effective preventive measures. The document also proposes a script filtering algorithm to sanitize inputs and prevent execution of malicious scripts.
The document discusses developing secure web applications. It proposes using input validation, encryption of sensitive data, preventing SQL injection attacks, and collecting access logs. Input is validated by only allowing a whitelist of known good characters. Sensitive data like passwords are encrypted using an encryption algorithm. SQL injection is prevented by replacing malicious strings with blank spaces. Access logs record client IP addresses and page requests to trace activity and block malicious IPs. The techniques aim to make web applications and data more secure against common attacks like SQL injection, brute force, and denial of service.
The document discusses SQL injection attacks, which take advantage of un-sanitized input in web applications to execute malicious SQL commands. It describes various types of SQL injection attacks, including piggybacked queries, stored procedures, union queries, and blind SQL injection. The document also covers mitigation techniques used to prevent SQL injection attacks.
This document summarizes vulnerabilities in web applications and methods to protect against them. It discusses how vulnerabilities can occur from issues like format string exploits, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. The document also describes different approaches to testing for vulnerabilities, including white-box and black-box testing. Additionally, it analyzes vulnerability information from various organization's lists of top vulnerability categories to provide a comparative overview. The goal is to help organizations identify and address vulnerabilities in their web applications.
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and proposes a parser to prevent them. It begins with an introduction that describes the architecture of web applications and databases, and how SQL injection exploits vulnerabilities in this architecture. It then provides an overview of SQL injection attacks, explaining how malicious SQL commands can be inserted to trick applications into executing unintended queries. The document proposes a parser that determines if queries are functionally equivalent to prevent SQL injection. It was tested on a sample application and results were positive. In the next sections, the document discusses the working of SQL injections in more detail and categorizes different types of SQL injection attacks.
This document proposes a technique called "web service oriented XPATH authentication" to prevent SQL injection attacks. The proposed system uses two filtration models - an active guard model to detect and prevent suspicious characters, and a service detector model that validates user input against stored data. The system aims to effectively secure applications like banking by preventing all forms of SQL attacks while allowing legitimate users to access databases. Modules described include information gathering, identifying input parameters, and employing various techniques to prevent SQL injection attacks like tautologies, malformed queries, and inference.
fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff...Rana sing
This document proposes a technique called "web service oriented XPATH authentication" to prevent SQL injection attacks. The proposed system uses two filtration models - an active guard model to detect and prevent suspicious characters, and a service detector model that validates user input against stored data. The system aims to effectively secure applications like banking by identifying input parameters and applying prevention techniques to queries before they access the database.
IRJET- An Efficient Technique for Finding SQL Injection using Reverse Proxy S...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an efficient technique for detecting SQL injection attacks using a reverse proxy server. It proposes redirecting user inputs to a proxy server before sending them to the application server. A data cleansing algorithm would then sanitize the inputs by checking for malicious patterns. If patterns are found, the request is rejected, otherwise it is passed to the application server. The technique aims to detect and prevent 93% of SQL injections and 85% of cross-site scripting attacks with low false positives. It uses techniques like pattern matching, sanitization of HTML/JavaScript, and tokenization to cleanse inputs before execution on the database.
Routine Detection Of Web Application Defence FlawsIJTET Journal
Abstract— The detection process for security vulnerabilities in ASP.NET websites / web applications is a complex one, most of the code is written by somebody else and there is no documentation to determine the purpose of source code. The characteristic of source code defects generates major web application vulnerabilities. The typical software faults that are behind of web application vulnerabilities, taking into different programming languages. To analyze their ability to prevent security vulnerabilities ASP.NET which is part of .NET framework that separate the HTML code from the programming code in two files, aspx file and another for the programming code. It depends on the compiled language (Visual Basic VB, C sharp C#, Java Script). Visual Basic and C# are the most common languages using with ASP.NET files, and these two compiled languages are in the construction of our proposed algorithm in addition to aspx files. The hacker can inject his malicious as a input or script that can destroy the database or steal website files. By using scanning tool the fault detection process can be done. The scanning process inspects three types of files (aspx, VB and C#). then the software faults are identified. By using fault recovery process the prepared replacement statement technique is used to detect the vulnerabilities and recover it with high efficiency and it provides suggestion then the report is generated then it will help to improve the overall security of the system.
Cookies are the mechanisms that maintain an
authentication state between the user and web application.
Therefore cookies are the possible targets for the attackers. Cross
Site Scripting (XSS) attack is one of such attacks against the web
applications in which a user has to compromise its browser’s
resources (e.g. cookies). In this paper, a novel technique of
SHA_512 Hash Technique is introduced whose aim is to make
cookies worthless for the attackers. The work done in HTTP
protocol with windows10.
Prevention of SQL Injection Attack in Web Application with Host LanguageIRJET Journal
This document discusses SQL injection attacks and methods to prevent them when building web applications. It begins by defining SQL injection attacks and describing common types like tautology, union queries, and blind injection. It then presents approaches to prevent SQL injection using host languages like PHP and Java. These include prepared statements, escaping strings, and stripping tags when handling user inputs in PHP. For Java, it recommends prepared statements to protect against attackers modifying queries. The key message is that input validation and using features like prepared statements in PHP and Java can help secure databases and prevent unauthorized access during SQL queries.
SQL injection attack is the most common and difficult to handle attacks now days. SQL injection attack is of five types. In these paper details of SQL injection is mentioned.
IRJET- Bug Hunting using Web Application Penetration Testing Techniques.IRJET Journal
The document discusses various web application penetration testing techniques for finding bugs, or vulnerabilities. It describes tools like Acunetix, Nmap, and Burp Suite that can be used to detect vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, cross-site request forgery (CSRF), parameter tampering, and clickjacking. Code examples are provided for exploiting some of these vulnerabilities, like using CSRF to perform unauthorized actions on a user's account. The goal is to help web developers identify and address vulnerabilities in their applications to make them more secure.
The document discusses web application security and SQL injections. It defines a web application as any application served via HTTP/HTTPS from a remote server. Web applications often collect sensitive personal data, so security is important to protect privacy and limit legal liability. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities like SQL injections to access unauthorized data. The document outlines common SQL injection techniques, like modifying queries with additional commands or UNION operators, and recommends best practices like parameterized queries and input validation to prevent SQL injections.
Prevention of SQL Injection Attacks having XML DatabaseIOSR Journals
This document discusses an XML-based technique called XML-SQL for preventing SQL injection attacks. It proposes submitting all client data to the server in an XML format and having the server validate the entire XML file against pre-defined validation rules at once, rather than validating each data item separately. This allows complex data to be validated more easily and generically. The technique aims to separate the data validation from the application development to make the developer's job simpler and more secure.
This Slide contain information about the SQL injection.
Types of SQL injection and some case study about the SQL injection and some technique so we prevent our system
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
The document describes an approach called PXpathV that detects XPath injection vulnerabilities in web applications. PXpathV works by intercepting XPath expressions, analyzing them to identify user input parameters, generating an XML file with the parameters, and validating the XML file against a schema to detect any injection attempts. An evaluation of PXpathV showed it increased response times but successfully identified injection vulnerabilities that would otherwise not be detected.
PXpathV: Preventing XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Applicationsijwscjournal
Generally, most Web applications use relational databases to store and retrieve information. But, the growing acceptance of XML technologies for documents it is logical that security should be integrated with XML solutions. In a web application, an improper user inputs is a main cause for a wide variety of attacks. XML Path or XPath language is used for querying information from the nodes of an XML document. XPath Injection is an attack technique, much like SQL injection, exists when a malicious user can insert arbitrary XPath code into form fields and URL query parameters in order to inject this code directly into the XPath query evaluation engine. Through the crafted input a malicious user would bypass authentication or to access restricted data from the XML data source.Hence, we proposed an approach to detect XPath injection attack in XML databases at runtime. Our approach intercept XPath expression and parse the XQuery expression to find the inputs to be placed in the expression. The identified inputs are used to design an XML file and it would be validated through a schema.
This document provides a survey of various authorization systems that have been proposed for web applications and web services. It begins with an introduction to web services and common security issues and attacks. It then describes several existing authorization models and frameworks that have been used for web services, including attribute-based access control, role-based access control using LDAP, and interactive access control. The document compares these different authorization techniques based on factors like separation of duties, fine-grained authorization, nature of the system, and performance. It concludes that most proposed systems authorize based on role models but few can dynamically authorize requests or integrate well with service-oriented architectures.
SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Siteijtsrd
Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection is a code injection technique that exploits security vulnerability occurring in database layer of web applications [8]. According to Open Web Application Security Projects (OWASP), SQL Injection is one of top 10 web based attacks [10]. This paper shows the basics of SQL Injection attack, types of SQL Injection Attack according to their classification. It also describes the survey of different SQL Injection attack detection and prevention. At the end of this paper, the comparison of different SQL Injection Attack detection and prevention is shown. Mr. Vishal Andodariya"SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Site" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13034.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/13034/sql-injection-attack-detection-and-prevention-techniques-to-secure-web-site/mr-vishal-andodariya
The document discusses SQL injection prevention through an adaptive algorithm. It first describes how SQL injections work by exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications that use client-supplied data in SQL queries. It then proposes a novel method that uses parse tree validation and code conversion techniques to detect and prevent SQL injection attacks, especially during the login phase. The method is described as being simple and effective.
Deployment of Reverse Proxy for the Mitigation of SQL Injection Attacks Using...ijcisjournal
Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that
are attached with the Internet applications sustains the growth of these applications. Hackers find
new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing
year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA
contributes 25% of the total Internet attacks, much research is being carried out in this area. In this
paper we propose a method to detect the SQL injection. We deploy a Reverse proxy that uses the
input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on
standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and
curbing the SQLIA.
Deployment of Reverse Proxy for the Mitigation of SQL Injection Attacks Using...ijcisjournal
Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that are attached with the Internet applications sustains the growth of these applications. Hackers find new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA contributes 25% of the total Internet attacks, much research is being carried out in this area. In this paper we propose a method to detect the SQL injection. We deploy a Reverse proxy that uses the input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and curbing the SQLIA.
Connection String Parameter Pollution AttacksChema Alonso
Paper about Connection String Attacks that focus in Connection String Parameter Pollution in Web Applications. Presented in Ekoparty 2009, Black Hat DC 2010 and Troopers 2010
The document discusses various types of attacks against web applications, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). SQL injection occurs when untrusted user input is inserted into SQL queries without proper validation/sanitization, allowing attackers to alter queries for unauthorized data access or modification. XSS happens when a web app displays user input without sanitization, allowing scripts to be injected and run in a victim's browser in the context of the vulnerable site. CSRF tricks the victim's browser into unknowingly executing unauthorized commands by forging legitimate requests. Examples are provided for each type of attack.
10h 35m remaining CHAPTER 12 Common Software VulnerabiliBenitoSumpter862
10h 35m remaining
CHAPTER 12
Common Software Vulnerabilities and
Countermeasures
In this chapter you will
• Learn about common known software vulnerabilities and mitigations
• Explore the SANS top 25 list of vulnerabilities
• Examine the OWASP list of web application vulnerabilities
• Examine the concepts of enumerated weaknesses (CWE) and vulnerabilities (CVE)
The errors associated with software fall into a series of categories. Understanding
the common categories of vulnerabilities and learning how to avoid these known
vulnerabilities have been proven to be among the more powerful tools a
development team can use in developing more secure code. While attacking the
common causes will not remove all vulnerabilities, it will go a long way toward
improving the code base. This chapter will examine the most common
enumerations associated with vulnerabilities and programming errors.
CWE/SANS Top 25 Vulnerability Categories
Begun by MITRE and supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
the CWE/SANS Top 25 list is the result of collaboration between many top
software security experts worldwide. This list represents the most widespread
and critical errors that can lead to serious vulnerabilities in software. They are
often easy to find, and easy to exploit. Left unmitigated, they are easy targets for
attackers and can result in widespread damage to software, data, and even
enterprise security.
The Top 25 list can be used in many ways. It is useful as a tool for development
teams to provide education and awareness about the kinds of vulnerabilities that
plague the software industry. The list can be used in software procurement as a
specification of elements that need to be mitigated in purchased software.
Although the list has not been updated since 2011, it is still highly relevant. One
could argue over the relative position on the list, but at the end of the day, all the
common vulnerabilities that can be exploited need to be fixed.
The Top 25 list can serve many roles in the secure development process. For
programmers, the list can be used as a checklist of reminders, as a source for a
custom “Top N” list that incorporates internal historical data. The data can also be
used to create a master list of mitigations, which when applied, will reduce
occurrence and severity of the vulnerabilities. Testers can use the list to build a
test suite that can be used to ensure that the issues identified are tested for before
shipping.
OWASP Top 10’2013 (Current)
A1 – Injection
A2 – Broken Authentication and Session Management
A3 – Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
A4 – Insecure Direct Object References
A5 – Security Misconfiguration
A6 – Sensitive Data Exposure
A7 – Missing Function-Level Access Control
A8 – Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
A9 – Using Known Vulnerable Components
A10 – Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards
OWASP Vulnerability Categories
The Open Web Appli ...
10h 35m remaining CHAPTER 12 Common Software VulnerabiliSantosConleyha
This document discusses common software vulnerabilities and provides examples of different types of attacks such as SQL injection, command injection, integer overflow, path traversal, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, and cryptographic failures. It examines the CWE/SANS top 25 list of vulnerabilities and the OWASP top 10 list of web application vulnerabilities. Specific vulnerabilities like SQL injection, command injection, and integer overflow are explained in more detail with examples of how each attack works and potential mitigations.
Devoid Web Application From SQL Injection AttackIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The entire field of web based application is controlled by the internet. In every region, World Wide Web is hugely necessary. So, network assurance is badly assuring job for us. Several kind of attacker or application programmer is attempting to split the immunity of information and destroy the instruction composed in the database. The SQL Injection Attack is very large safety measure risk in that present day. The indicated attacks allow to attacker’ s unlimited access from the database or still authority of database those determine web based application. That manages conscious and secret records and put the injurious SQL query put to modify the expected function. Many database reviewer and theorist give distinct concept to avoid regarding SQL Injection Attack. But no one of the concept is completely adaptable to. This research introduces a latest framework to protecting web based application from the SQL Injection Attack. Introduced framework i.e. present in this research is based on two techniques known as SQM (SQL Query Monitor) and Sanitization Application. That is the two ways filter program which analyses the user query and generate a separate key for user before it is sent to the application server. Several aspects of SQL Injection Attack are also discussed in that research.
This document discusses evidence gathering for input attacks on web applications. It describes how input attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting work. It also notes limitations in using only web server logs to gather evidence, as important details like HTTP headers and request bodies are often missing. The document then outlines an experimental setup used to demonstrate input attacks, which includes a web server, attacker computer, and forensic analysis system. Attacks are performed to generate log data that could be analyzed for evidence of an attack.
IRJET- Testing Web Application using Vulnerability ScanIRJET Journal
The document discusses testing web applications for vulnerabilities using scanning tools. It proposes a method for efficiently scanning websites using crawling techniques to check for SQL injection and cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. The method involves crawling some pages in the same directory if their structures are similar, to improve efficiency. If vulnerabilities are found, a report is generated listing the detected issues. The goal is to develop a Java-based tool that implements this scanning method to automatically check URLs for SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks.
Study of Cross-Site Scripting Attacks and Their CountermeasuresEditor IJCATR
In present-day time, most of the associations are making use of web services for improved services to their
clients. With the upturn in count of web users, there is a considerable hike in the web attacks. Thus, security becomes
the dominant matter in web applications. The disparate kind of vulnerabilities resulted in the disparate types of attacks.
The attackers may take benefit of these vulnerabilities and can misuse the data in the database. Study indicates that
more than 80% of the web applications are vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. XSS is one of the fatal
attacks & it has been practiced over the maximum number of well-known search engines and social sites. In this paper,
we have considered XSS attacks, its types and different methods employed to resist these attacks with their
corresponding limitations. Additionally, we have discussed the proposed approach for countering XSS attack and how
this approach is superior to others.
The document discusses SQL injection attacks and proposes a technique called Query String Attack Prevention to detect and prevent SQL injection. It begins by describing how SQL injection exploits vulnerabilities in web applications to access and modify unauthorized data in databases. It then classifies different types of SQL injection attacks such as tautology, union queries, and timing attacks. The proposed technique uses a filter to analyze HTTP requests for attack signatures in order to counter vulnerabilities from SQL injection.
Table of Content
Web Application Firewall
possible security measures of WAF
Data Validation Strategies
Varieties Of Input
Reject Known Bad
Accept Known Good
Sanitization Safe Data Handling
Semantic Checks
Introduction SQL Injection
A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application
SQL Injection
Blind SQL Injection
The document discusses data validation strategies for web applications. It covers validating user input to prevent SQL injection attacks. Various approaches to input validation are described, including rejecting known bad inputs, accepting known good inputs, sanitization, semantic checks and safe data handling. SQL injection is introduced and countermeasures like prepared statements and input escaping are recommended. The importance of the principle of least privilege is also emphasized.
Web Security - OWASP - SQL injection & Cross Site Scripting XSSIvan Ortega
XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: stored XSS injects scripts into stored data like forums; reflected XSS uses malicious links; DOM-based XSS modifies the DOM. Successful XSS can steal users' cookies and passwords, hijack sessions, deface websites, and distribute malware. Developers can prevent XSS by escaping untrusted data, using safe templating systems, and implementing a content security policy.
Similar to Attacks on web services need to secure xml on web (20)
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
Attacks on web services need to secure xml on web
1. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
ATTACKS ON WEB SERVICES
NEED TO SECURE XML ON WEB
Abhinav Nath Gupta and Dr. P. Santhi Thilagam
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, NITK Surathkal, India
ABSTRACT
Web Services are the newest mechanism of communication among applications. Web Services are
independent of both hardware and software infrastructure, they are very flexible and scalable. Lack of
security features provided by the web services creates a window of opportunity for attackers. Web Services
are offered on Http with Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) as an underlying infrastructure. Both
SOAP and Web Services relies heavily on XML, hence, Web Services are most vulnerable to attacks using
XML as an attack parameter. Several attacks use XML and most of them lies in the category of XML
injection.XML based attacks discussed in this study covered a variety of attacks for example Denial of
Services and Data Theft, escalation of privileges etc. Among these attacks the injections attacks on the web
services are more severe and being given special attention. This study is aimed at providing an insight of
the various forms of XML injections such as XPath injection, Coercive Parsing, and oversize payload.
KEYWORDS
XML, Denail of Services, Injection, XPath, web services
1. INTRODUCTION
The term Web Service is often used to designate web resources that are accessed by the software
applications rather than users. Web Services are used extensively in today scenario due to their
independent nature and code reusability. Web Services are independent of both software and
Hardware platforms and web services also standardized the business application and due to the
code reusability and interoperability feature provided, the business environment is falling for Web
Services. Due to extensive usage of Web Services in business scenario it gives enough
importance to Web Services to raise the security concerns of Web Services [13, 8].
The Web Services acts as an agent of business logic to the user end or to the application
programs. Once the agents are compromised possibilities are, the entire system is compromised as
in context of the Web Applications Scenario as webApps depends on Web Services. Web Service
Engine needs an XML parser to extract the required parameters from an incoming message.
Exploiting this parser can successfully lead to Denial of Service attacks. Web Services are
designed in SGML type languages preferably XML so there are some attacks like XML
Injections, XSS and XPath Injections that targets the XML based Web Services to be highly
prevalent and even the Web Services designed using SOAP and offered over http. These attacks
often inject additional nodes or modify the existing nodes so as to change the operation
parameters. Mitigations of these attacks are must for security of Web Service and underlying
Business Model to work properly.
The typical requirements for a secure system are integrity, confidentiality and availability. Any
action targeting violation of one of these properties is called an attack; the possibility for an attack
is called vulnerability. This study list various attacks specific to the domain of the Web Services.
DOI : 10.5121/cseij.2013.3501
1
2. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
These attacks can be accomplished due to the un-sanitized input to the Web Service or
unauthorized updating of the source code by injecting malicious code in Web Services. Among
all the other reasons the major threat to web service is the injection of malicious XML code by
un-sanitized input to the Web Service. In the coming sections various kind of attacks including
the above named attacks are listed with their detection and corrective measures.
Section 2 describes the related work done on the same topic. Section 3 gives the details of most
attacks to Web Services using XML as attacks parameters. Section 4 describes the most general
and popular methodology‟s used to mitigate the attack vulnerabilities. Section 5 provides the
motivations behind the study. Section 6 concludes the study by providing suggestions to defend
web services as per current security standards followed by references considered for the study.
2. RELATED WORK
There has been considerable effort in exploring different kind of attacks on Web Services.
Probing Attacks, Coercive Parsing, External Reference Attacks and SQL Injections attacks have
been discussed by (Negm, 2004). (Vorobiev, 2006) has classified attacks as XML attacks, SOAP
based attacks or Semantic WS attacks based on exploits used. (Jensen, 2007) has demonstrated
SOAPAction spoofing, oversized payload and cryptography based attacks. The message
validation as a technique to thwart DoS attack is shown by (Gruschka, 2006). It mentions the use
of schema embedded in WSDL (Web Service Description Language) to validate messages.
(McIntosh and Austel, 2005) have discussed XML Re-Writing attack which shall serve as a
baseline for the attacks that we have described here. Use of context sensitive signature as a
countermeasure of XML Re-Writing attack is outlined by (Gajek, 2009). XPath injections is an
attack on Web Services with severe after effects, as demonstrated by (Antunes, 2009). Input
Sanitization, static code analysis and penetration testing are popular methods for XPath attack
vulnerabilities in Web Services [8]. Learning Based approaches are presented as an effective
countermeasure against XPath injection attacks on Web Services [6].
3. ATTACKS ON THE WEB SERVICES
This Section of this study defines the various prominent attacks specific to the Web Services with
their few suggested mitigation methods. Several attacks are presented in a tree form in Figure 1.
3.1 Injection attacks: Injection attacks generally deals with the attacks domain where
malicious data is intentionally included to the input provided to the Web Service to interrupt the
normal functioning of Web Services [8]. Some injection attacks are:
3.1.1 SQL Injection: SQL injection is an attack that generally occurs with databases. In this
input query provided to the database is modified in such a way to alter the output of the query as
per the attacker requirement [11]. Suppose, a web service is querying the database for the
authentication of the user, the user provides the input credential to the form and from the form the
web service takes the credential for validation. In normal cases the validation is done and access
is granted to user but when the input is altered by attacker then unauthorized access can be gained
by the user.
Example:
Good: ‘select * from accounts where userid="$userid"' 'AND password="$pass"’;
Evil: select * from accounts where userid="1” or “1=1--"AND password=””;
2
3. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
In the above example as we saw that the normal input validation occurs at Good but when
modified in Evil, the string 1 or 1=1-- converts SQL query to bring out all the username and
password and grant access to the attacker with any set of credentials stored in the user database.
i. Detection of SQL Injection Vulnerability: The SQL injection vulnerability can be detected by
provided any random input and analyzing the result occurred.
If on providing as input a simple apostrophe(„) to the form if the result comes out to be an SQL
error or database error or server error then there is a good chance of a SQL injection vulnerability
to the service.
ii. Corrective Measures: The various corrective measures provided so far for the SQL Injection
attacks is to sanitize the input before passing it to the web service or web application[11,8]. Some
standards are designed to do that like use of stored procedures and use of parameterized
Statement but the essence of all the work here to sanitize the input query.
Figure 1. The Taxonomy on the Attacks on Web Services
a. Stored Procedures: Stored procedures are a sequence of instructions in PL/SQL language. Is a
programming language implemented by some DBMS, that lets you store sequences of queries
frequently applied to your model, and share the processing load with the application layer.
b. Parameterized Statement: Prepared statements are queries written with placeholders instead
of actual values. You write the query and it is compiled just once by the DBMS, and then you just
pass values to place into the placeholders. The advantage of using prepared statements is that you
enhance the performance considerably, and protect your applications from SQL Injection.
3
4. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
3.1.2 XML Injection: An XML Injection attack tries to modify the XML structure of a SOAP
message (or any other XML document) by inserting content e.g. operation parameters containing
XML tags [2, 3]. Such attacks are possible if the special characters "<" and ">" are not escaped
appropriately. This can lead to xml injection attacks. The detection and corrective measures
regarding the XML injection attacks is strict schema validation of the SOAP messages including
the data type validation of the data included in the message itself. Various types of XML
injections are shown in fig 1.
3.1.3 XSS/CDATA Injection: An XSS (Cross Site Scripting) Injection attack is also prominent
in case of the Web Services [8, 15]. A CDATA section in XML is used to escape the text and can
be used to construct malicious JavaScript code which further leads to XSS attack over the web
service.
The code given below presents an example of the XSS injection attack over the Web Services.
<BLOG_ENTRY>
<EMAIL>john@due.com</EMAIL>
<TEXT>
<![CDATA[<S]]>CRIP<![CDATA[T>]]>
alert(document.cookie);
<![CDATA[</S]]>CRIP<![CDATA[T>]]>
</TEXT>
</BLOG_ENTRY>
The manipulation in the <TEXT> node of the XML file using the CDATA Section leads to the
JavaScript code given below.
<SCRIPT>
alert(document.cookie);
</SCRIPT>
The detection of XSS injection vulnerability totally depends on the configuration of the web
service to display the generic error messages to the user, like, URL not found. If the server
specific errors are displayed then it leads to the misuse of the information in that error messages
and leads to XSS injection attacks [8]. Another popular preventive measure against the XSS
injection attacks is the input validation and filtration.
3.1.4 XPath Injection: XPath is language designed specifically to query nodes in an xml
document. XPath is a query language for xml document like sql is for relational databases.
Difference between sql and xpath is that xpath is implementation independent. Similar to
Relational databases, xml document are also susceptible to xpath injection. Similar to sql
injection xpath injection occurs when a web service is invoked or xml database is queried using
unsanitized user input. We'll use this XML snippet for the examples.
<? XML version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Users>
<User>
<FirstName>Arnold</FirstName>
<LastName>Baker</LastName>
<UserID>ABaker</UserName>
<Password>SoSecret</Password>
<Type>Admin</Type>
4
5. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
</User>
</Users>
Suppose we have a user authentication system on a web page that used a data file of this sort to
login users. Once a username and password have been supplied the software might use XPath to
look up the user:
C#:
String FindUserXPath;
FindUserXPath = "//User[UserID/text()='" + Request("UserId") + "' And
Password/text()='" + Request("Password") + "']";
This query will work normally, but it is also susceptible to xpath injection by using the query
string given below:
UserID: blah' or 1=1 or 'a'='a
Password: blah
FindUserXPath becomes //User[UserID/text()='blah' or 1=1 or
'a'='a' And Password/text()='blah']
Logically this is equivalent to:
//User[(UserID/text()='blah' or 1=1) or
('a'='a' And Password/text()='blah')]
In this case, only the first part of the XPath needs to be true. The password part becomes
irrelevant, and the UserID part will match ALL employees because of the "1=1" part.
This types of attacks can be defended by sanitizing the input provided by the user and properly
escaping the quotes and slashes present in the input parameters.
Another form of XPath injection is blind XPath which employs hit and trial method guess the root
node of the XML document and then carry out attack while in above described XPath attack the
attacker is aware of the structure of the XML document.
3.1.5 XQuery Injection: XQuery is the language specially designed to query the XML document
in the same way as the SQL query does with the Relational Database. XQuery is the abstract form
of XPath described above and the XQuery injection is same as the XPath Injection the Only
difference is that we don‟t use the name of the name of the XML document in XPath but we do in
XQuery. XQuery is inherited from the XPath so the syntax of the query and notations is similar in
both XPath and XQuery.
3.2 Denial of Service (DoS): Denial of service attack is the attack which targets the server
behind the web service and aimed at the request processing capability of the processor [2, 8]. In
this attack the attacker manipulates the variables associated with the request made to Web Service
for example, size of request and frequency in such a way that the processing of request becomes
difficult for the web server‟s processor and which then leads to ultimate rejection of request, i.e.
Denial of Service to user. Several types of DoS attacks are there as in Fig 1, which includes XML
and XML with http i.e. SOAP.
3.2.1 Oversize Payload/XML Bombs: Oversize payload attack aims at exhausting the resources
of the web server. Against web services, this is attack is easy to mount due to high computation
5
6. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
cost of xml processing. The reason behind this is that most Web Service frameworks make use of
tree based XML processing model like DOM (Document Object model) .Using this model XML
Document like SOAP request is completely read, parsed and converted into in-memory object
representations which in case of large SOAP request takes more computation power and memory
than the original SOAP request.
A good example of oversize payload is just keep on replicating a single tag again and again say
10000 times to increase the size of the message and this will do the trick. For example,
<Address>
<name>ABC</name>
<name>ABC</name>
<name>ABC</name>
….to 10000
</Address>
This request when put under SOAP envelope and send for execution will lead to the Denial of
Service attack. Don‟t get on the number of repetitions it is just take for sake of convenience to
explain the concept.
An obvious Countermeasure against the Oversize payload attack on the Web Services is to put a
check on the size of the SOAP request.
3.2.2 Coercive Parsing: First step in processing any web service is parsing the SOAP message to
get the parameters out of the request and transforming the request to make it accessible to the
other application programs and this kind of processing leads a another kind of possibility for the
Denial of Service attack known as Coercive Parsing [2]. In this attack a sequence of opening tags
belonging to the different namespaces is created and this reduces the response efficiency to the
web server to the considerable amount and further leads to the Denial of Service.
Such kinds of attack are very difficult to counter since XML does not provide any restriction for
the declaration of the namespaces used in the XML Document and also no limit to the number of
the External references used in the XML document, and if the referenced documents are also
deeply nested then it becomes a lot more difficult to counter. But, still such kind of attacks can be
mitigated to some extent by using Schema validation by providing the restriction to the number of
elements regarding particular namespaces in the XML Schema Definition (XSD) file [3].
3.3 External Entity Reference Attack: In External Entity Reference attacks the attacker tries
to bypass the security by attaching a reference according to schema which is downloaded during
validation of the XML document but before processing of that document [4, 10]. Such an attack
make use of XML tags like <!ENTITY> and <!DOCTYPE> to insert the external references to
the XML Document. For Example, <!ENTITY rootelement SYSTEM “URI”> where URI is
Uniform Resource Identifier and used to make reference external to the XML Document. The
only way to detect such kind of vulnerability is to simulate attacks and testing. To prevent such
kind of attacks generally recommended procedures are use of XML Schema Definition (XSD) in
place of DTD and also disallow any user modification in the prolog section of the XML
Document.
3.4 Malicious Content/Application: An Attacker sends a malicious code and attachment
such as image, exe files and other application specific document with the SOAP message which
contains malicious code, virus like Trojan horse and other which are transmitted with the XML
doc as the firewall which are designed to protect system against malicious code are blind to XML
6
7. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
files [3]. The SOAP with attachment specifications allows transmitting packages using MIME.
The SOAP message can refer to attachment through the use of URI. The detection can be done
only by testing and analyzing and the only prevention against such attacks is to examine the
packet for the attachments and data types and other input parameters.
3.5 Replay Attacks: In this attack the attacker repeatedly send the previous SOAP request
message to the web service in order to crash the system or restart. The target behind such type of
attacks is to overload the web service or to gain access to system by posing as a legitimate user.
Prevention against such attacks is the use of timestamps and random session IDs.
3.6 Privilege Escalation Attack: Privilege Escalation is a special type of XML injection
attacks targeted for web services used for authentication of user and using XML files as user
Database Access Control List [5]. In this attack the attacker injects the fake user credentials as
part of original request to add a fake unauthenticated user to the XML user database. The only
way to prevent such kind of attack is to sanitize the input by proper filtration of tags and scripts
from the input and also validating the SOAP request against the XML Schema [11].
3.7 Parameter Tampering Attack: Parameter Tampering is a kind of XML injection attack
in which the attacker modifies the parameters in a SOAP message in attempt to bypass the input
validation in order to access the unauthorized information [1, 7]. An attacker sends the SOAP
message where the field values are different what the server expects. In SOAP the parameter can
take the form of XML Elements. The server has XML Schema defined with a set of rules and
restrictions regarding the input from the client. In parameter tampering attack the attacker violates
this schema or provide oversized payload also known as XML Bombs. The Result is severe like
Denial of Service is most common, and also information Disclosure, etc. The only way to test
such kind of attacks is simulation of attacks by automation tools. The preventive measures are
strict validation of SOAP message for input parameters and other attachments.
3.8 Schema Poisoning Attack: XML Schema models an XML Documents grammar and
document structure.XML parser uses this grammar to properly interpret web services messages.
Since grammar describes the necessary preprocessing instructions, they are vulnerable to
tampering if not stored securely [13]. It is a variation of the XML injection and the possible
attacks it can cause is the Denial of Service. The Only prevention to such kind of attack is to
protect the XML Schema against unauthorized modification. For implementation, an application
that uses a known schema, using a local copy or a known good repository instead of schema
reference is a good preventive measure.
3.9 Buffer Overflows Attack: Generally the communication between the sender and receiver
of the web service is of asynchronous nature, hence an attacker may send a malicious request
containing specially crafted parameters to overload the input buffer. Buffer overflows generally
lead to crashes. The Buffer overflow vulnerability can also be tested by simulating the attacks and
there are no complete solutions to the problem but some of measures taken to cater this problem
are filter the request messages for size bounds avoid use of risky API‟s during the development
phase of web service.
3.10 BPEL State Deviation Attack: BPEL processes are called by external communication
partners, and BPEL engine provides web service endpoints accepting service request. Each BPEL
process have more than one process instances running concurrently, hence the endpoints are
accepting request messages at all times. Thus an attacker may send a malicious request which is
correct syntactically, but not related to any existing process instance. These types of message has
7
8. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
to be discarded but only after verifying all the instances of all running processes but this cause a
huge computation overload and eventually cause denial of service..
3.11 Instantiation Flooding Attack: As a new message arrives a new instance of the BPEL
process is generated. Such instance immediately starts executing the instructions given in the
process description. Once all the instructions are executed only then the instance is terminated.
An attacker can repeatedly send request messages to the same BPEL process. For each message,
the BPEL engine will create a process instance and start its execution, running until its
instructions are executed completely and it gets terminated. This will flood the BPEL engine with
new requests and eventually lead to denial of service.
3.12 Indirect Flooding Attack: This attack works in same way as the instantiation flooding
attack but it targets the backend architecture of the web service. This attack uses the BPEL engine
as an asset to mount attack on backend architecture. The attacker will flood the backend system
with web service request messages and for each message a process instance is created. This will
put a heavy load on BPEL engine and also on the backend systems. Thus, if the target system is
not powerful, it will lose availability, finally resulting in a Denial-of-Service.
3.13 Routing Detour Attack: The Web Services-Routing specification help directing the xml
messages by attaching the information about the intermediate nodes. These intermediate nodes
can be compromised, allowing attackers to insert malicious code inside the message. The
attackers can then remove the malicious code before forwarding the document to its destination.
3.14 SOAPAction Spoofing: Operation invoked by the web service can be identified in two
ways, one by scanning the first child of the soap body, second by an http header attached to the
message names SOAPAction. Although this value only represents a hint to the actual operation,
the SOAPAction field value is often used as the only qualifier for the requested operation.
SOAPAction http header can be tampered to cause man in the middle attack and used to invoke
other operation than the original intended one.
3.15 WSDL Scanning: WSDL stands for web service description language and wsdl document
related to a particular web service contains all the details about that web service like endpoints,
operations and parameters details, and binding details. WSDL documents are easily available on
the web and an attacker can study the document to learn in depth about the target web service.
This information gained from the wsdl can then be used to mount sophisticated attacks on the
web service. This attack is called the wsdl scanning. To defend against wsdl scanning, wsdl
documents has to be kept secure and in a separate network from the web service network.
Another way to keep them secure is by providing external client a separate wsdl which contains
details about external operations only.
3.16 Error Message Handling: Error messages are a great source of information from an
attacker‟s point of view and in case of web application it generally happens due to the bad
programming practices the server specific or application specific error messages are displayed to
the user. These messages have valuable information with them such as the version number of the
server and by getting information about the server number the attacker can exploit the known
vulnerability associated with that particular server or application.
4. COUNTER ATTACK TECHNIQUES
The Counter attacks mechanism first begins with detection of Vulnerability. Generally used
approaches to counter attacks are shown in figure 2. Methods Used to detect Vulnerability are
8
9. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
1. Static Code Analysis: “white-box” approach that consists of the analysis of the web
application source code [8].
2. Penetration Testing: “black-box” approach that consists of the analyses of the web
application execution in search for vulnerabilities [8]. In this approach, the tester uses fuzzing
techniques over the web HTTP requests. Methods generally applied to prevent an attack to occur,
as shown in Figure 2.
3. Input Filtration: Input taken from users must be filtered to remove escape characters like ‘,”,
/,--, <script></script> and then only it is sent to web services for further processing.
4. Centralized Schema Validation: Centralizing the validation process of request and response
message within the network perimeter with largely reduces the possibility of outside attack to a
considerable amount.
5. Access Control Mechanisms: Use of XACML‟s to provide access control to prevent
unauthorized modification in XML schema.
6. External References Blocking: Blocking the external referenced element and using only
validated and sanitized urls can successfully avert the external references attack.
Figure 2. Taxonomy on The Counter Measures to attacks on Web Services
7. Schema Caching: A secure repository of XML schemas that is periodically updated is one of
the best ways to fend the usage of compromised, unapproved XML schemas.
9
10. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
8. Use of SAML for Authentication: SOAP messages can cross multiple organizational bound
aries, each requiring its own authentication process. It is better to have authentication system for
each document. This can be done using SAML. SAML allows for a single sign-on approach by
embedding authentication status, as well as authorization permission, within a particular message.
9. Anomaly Detection: Anomaly Detection is generally applied method to detect the abnormal
behavior of the web service to detect whether it is an attack or not. It is based on analyzing
parameters associated with SOAP request like size, frequency of same incoming message.
Few Mitigation techniques that can often use in prevention mechanisms can also reduce the after
effects of an attack. These are:
1. W3C XML Encryption: To encrypt the content of the soap request message.
2. W3C XML Signature: To digitally sign the xml document to ensure its authenticity and
integrity.
5. DISCUSSION
The survey on the web services described in this paper aimed at presenting potential threats and
vulnerabilities to the web services and also gives an idea about there after effects on the
architecture behind.
What is the major Threat? Out of 18 major attacks on web services described in this paper, 12
are just mere variations or different flavor of XML Injections which includes XPath/XQuery
Injection, Coercive Parsing, CDATA Injections, Schema Poisoning, Parameter tempering, etc.
Due to this immense effect of XML Injection based effects on web services, a large amount of
consideration is been laid on prevention mechanisms of XML injection vulnerability in web
services scenario.
Why it is important to mitigate? Web services are standard for applications to exchange
information over the internet and also these are the building blocks of most prevalent business
architecture today i.e., Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Web Service relies heavily on the
XML, due to the use of SOAP and WSDL and this is the reason that makes them so vulnerable to
the XML based attacks. These attacks are important to prevent as if doesn‟t, they can cause a
huge harm to the Entire Services architecture of the Business Enterprise.
What we have done? Several organizations like OWASP,OASIS and NIST comes forward to
counter the threats posed by various attacks and vulnerabilities to the web services architecture
and hence proposed several standards like WS* family to counter the attacks on web service, of
them all the most prominent is the WS-SECURITY standard. WS-Security along with soap
specification provides a set of protocols to ensure the authenticity, confidentiality and integrity of
the web services requests. Standards like XML Encryption are designed to secure communication
of web service while ensuring the confidentiality. XML Digital Signature is used to ensure the
authenticity and integrity of the web service request message during communication among client
and service provider.
Finally, current approaches to Web service security focus on security of individual services and
secure messaging among the services. As Web services become more intelligent, aspects such as
secure business process and workflows and trust negotiation should also be included in the
security model.
10
11. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2013
6. CONCLUSIONS
While an SOA implementation based on XML and Web services can offer various benefits, it can
also introduce new avenues of attacks for hackers to exploit critical business applications and
processes. Web Services are susceptible to many attacks because the information about the web
services are publically available as the wsdl document is freely available. A lot of attacks which
are discussed in this study exploits vulnerabilities related to xml processing and since web service
highly depends on xml those attacks can easily be mounted on web services. Most of the attacks
discussed are in the owasp top ten list. These attacks on the web services can be defended by
reducing the amount of information disclosure and applying secure coding practices.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
Laranjeiro, N., Vieira, M., Madeira, H.,” A Learning-Based Approach to Secure Web Services from
SQL/XPath Injection Attacks” IEEE 16th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable
Computing (PRDC), 2010, pp 191 – 198.
Meiko Jensen, Nils Gruschka and Ralph Herkenhoner, ”A survey of attack on Web Services”,
Computer Science- Research and Developmemt Volume 24, Number 4, pp 185-197, Nov. 2009.
Wali Negm, ”Anatomy of Web Services Attack: A guide to threat and preventive Countermeasures”,
Forum Systems Inc 2004.
Vipul Patel, Radhesh Mohandas, Alwyn R. Pais ,”Attack on Web Services and Mitigation Schemas”
information Security labs NITK Surathkal Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT) , 2010, pp 1-6.
Yin-Soon Loh, Wei-Chuen Yau, Chien-Thang Wong, Wai-Chuen Ho,” Design and Implementation
of XML Firewall” , Faculty of Engineering Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia, 2006, pp
1147 - 1150.
Nuno Antunes, Nuno Laranjeiro, Marco Vieira, Henrique Madeira ,” Effective Detection of
SQL/XPath Injection Vulnerabilities in Web Services” IEEE International Conference on Services
Computing 2009, pp 260 -267.
Dave Wichers Input validation cheatsheet (1st edition) [On-line] available: www.owasp.org [Oct 7,
2011]
Matteo Melluci (1999, June 1). OWASP Testing Guide (1st edition). [On-line]. 3(1). Available:
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Project [Dec 9, 2008].
Vic (J.R.) Winkler and Bill Meine, Securing the Cloud Cloud Computer Security: Techniques and
Tactics Amsterdam,Boston,Elsevier Inc 2011, pp 123-35.
Bertino E, Martino L, Paci F, Squicciarini A ,”Security for Web Services and Service Oriented
Architectures”, Springer, 2010,XII, pp. 218.
Dave Wichers, Jim Manico SQL prevention cheatsheet (1st edition) [On-line]
available:
www.owasp.org [Dec 21, 2011]
Michael Coates, Dave Wichers Transport Layer protection cheatsheet (1st edition) [On-line]
available: www.owasp.org [Oct 16, 2011]
Dave Wichers, Jim Manico Web Service Security cheatsheet (1st edition) [On-line] available:
www.owasp.org [Dec 22, 2011]
Don Patterson, “XML firewall Structure and Best practices for Configuration and auditing”, Sans
Institute InfoSec 2007.
Jeff Williams, Jim Manico XSS prevention cheatsheet (1st edition) [On-line]
available:
www.owasp.org [Feb 23, 2012]
Gruschka N., “Vulnerable Cloud: SOAP Message Security Validation Revisited”, IEEE International
Conference on Web Services 2009, pp 625-631.
11