This document summarizes the geology of the Atlantic margin basins of North America. It discusses how the margin developed from the initial rifting of Pangea in the Triassic through ongoing sea floor spreading into the Cenomanian-Oligocene period. Sedimentary deposits along the margin can reach 25 km thick, consisting of rift basin deposits overlain by a prograding wedge of marine sediments, including widespread evaporites. Carbonate deposits were initially important but gave way to clastics as the continent drifted northwest. The margin developed through crustal thinning and detachment, with the Grand Banks area experiencing two phases of rifting related to extension in the central and North Atlantic. Major petroleum discoveries were made beneath
Seas and Oceans are blue beauties of the planet earth.
Oceans are vast body of saline water occupying the great depressions on the earth. The surface beneath the oceanic waters is characterized by a lot of relief features.
The structure, configuration and relief features of the oceans also vary from each other.On the basis of Bathymetry and other studies, the morphology of Ocean basins contains a lot of relief features. This module highlights many of those features.
After attending this lesson, the user would be able to understand the basic characteristics of the submarine canyons, their origin, and their distribution in various major oceans of the world.
Detailed information about the morphological conditions, sedimentology and marine life of the submarine canyons will also be understood.
After attending this lesson, the learner should be able to comprehend about the geographic setting of the Pacific ocean, its dimension, associated water masses, morphological features of the ocean floor, very significant conditions of the ocean, sediments, marine life, marine pollution and other hazards. In addition the user should be able to understand, the importance of the Pacific in the context of global activities including the historical oceanographic explorations.
Seas and Oceans are blue beauties of the planet earth.
Oceans are vast body of saline water occupying the great depressions on the earth. The surface beneath the oceanic waters is characterized by a lot of relief features.
The structure, configuration and relief features of the oceans also vary from each other.On the basis of Bathymetry and other studies, the morphology of Ocean basins contains a lot of relief features. This module highlights many of those features.
After attending this lesson, the user would be able to understand the basic characteristics of the submarine canyons, their origin, and their distribution in various major oceans of the world.
Detailed information about the morphological conditions, sedimentology and marine life of the submarine canyons will also be understood.
After attending this lesson, the learner should be able to comprehend about the geographic setting of the Pacific ocean, its dimension, associated water masses, morphological features of the ocean floor, very significant conditions of the ocean, sediments, marine life, marine pollution and other hazards. In addition the user should be able to understand, the importance of the Pacific in the context of global activities including the historical oceanographic explorations.
It's a worksheet about ocean information and has the following topics:What are Earth’s five main oceans?How is the ocean floor studied? What are the two main regions of the ocean floor? What are the features of the ocean floor?including activities to develop in the science class
The Atlantic is relatively a narrow body of water. It exists between two parallel continental masses.
The Atlantic Ocean touches both the Europe and the Africa on its eastern side. It is bounded by North America and South America along its western region. The Atlantic has no definite northern or southern boundaries. It runs into the Arctic Ocean on the north, and the Antarctic Ocean on the south. Some geographers consider the Arctic Circle as its northern boundary, and the Antarctic Circle as its southern boundary. The ancient Romans named the Atlantic after the Atlas mountains. These mountains rose at the western end of the Mediterranean sea.
A power point presentation for class VIII students for better comprehension of the topic- Ocean and seas. I hope this was helpful. Kindly Like, Share and Comment.
It's a worksheet about ocean information and has the following topics:What are Earth’s five main oceans?How is the ocean floor studied? What are the two main regions of the ocean floor? What are the features of the ocean floor?including activities to develop in the science class
The Atlantic is relatively a narrow body of water. It exists between two parallel continental masses.
The Atlantic Ocean touches both the Europe and the Africa on its eastern side. It is bounded by North America and South America along its western region. The Atlantic has no definite northern or southern boundaries. It runs into the Arctic Ocean on the north, and the Antarctic Ocean on the south. Some geographers consider the Arctic Circle as its northern boundary, and the Antarctic Circle as its southern boundary. The ancient Romans named the Atlantic after the Atlas mountains. These mountains rose at the western end of the Mediterranean sea.
A power point presentation for class VIII students for better comprehension of the topic- Ocean and seas. I hope this was helpful. Kindly Like, Share and Comment.
From the Arctic to the Tropics: The U.S. UNCLOS Bathymetric Mapping ProgramLarry Mayer
Since CHC2006, the University of New Hampshire’s Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center has mapped with multibeam, the bathymetry of an additional ~220,000 km2 of seafloor in areas as diverse as the Arctic, the Northern Marianas of the western Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. The mapping supports any potential U.S. submission for of extended continental shelves under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea. Consequently, the mapping has concentrated on capturing the complete extent of the 2500-m isobath and the zone where the Article 76-defined foot of the slope exists. In practice, the complete area between ~1500 and ~4500 m water depths is mapped in each region (with the exception of the Arctic Ocean). The data have been collected in conditions that range from harsh Arctic sea ice to the calms of the Philippine Sea tropics. Although, some of the conditions have limited the quality of some of the data, the data quality is generally quite good and geological surprises have been uncovered on each of the cruises.
Plates and list of all major and minor plates in the worldTahsin Islam Ornee
The definition of plates, Earth's interior, Boundaries and the list of the major and minor plates are included in the presentation with images, videos and information.
Plate Tectonics is the driving force of geologic structures th.docxrandymartin91030
Plate Tectonics is the driving force of geologic structures that shape the world that we live in. The
first indication that continents might have been linked physically took place as soon as there was
mapping. It was known by the sixteenth and seventeenth century that the continents fitted together like
pieces of a puzzle. This and other proofs listed below lead to the concept of continental drift, that the
large continents had once been linked together. The scale movements of continents across the across
the surface of the planet was mind boggling.
By the close of the nineteenth century the geologist Edward Suess postulated that the southern
continents were joined together. This was from evidence seen by fossil animal distribution. Ancient life
forms have ranges just as modern animals. Tigers are found in India and Siberia, not in North America.
These ancient animals couldn’t get from South America to Africa, from Antarctica to Australia to India.
There were rock layers both sedimentary and igneous that were continuous on all of the five continents.
He christened this large continent Gondwanaland.
In 1915 Alfred Wegener wrote a book on continental drift. He proposed another super continent
called Pangaea. This continent included all of the modern continents. His mechanism for the movement
of the continents was that the continents moved through ocean crust, drifting until they joined then
breaking apart again. Wegener and others argued for their evidence pointing out rock similarities
type, similarities in rock trends and ages using all of the information gathered from Steno's laws and
fossil assemblages. They also showed that certain distant continents had similar plants and animals that
entered a different evolutionary path after the continents separated. An example of this is the fresh
water fish the Arowana found in both South America and Australia. Another example of this is the large
amount of marsupial
fossils found in South
America and Australia.
Placental mammals
were the dominant
mammalian life forms
in Eurasia, North
America and Africa.
Only in South America
and Australia were
marsupial fossils
dominated. It wasn't
until 3 million years ago
North and South
America joined
allowing placental
mammals to gain
dominance in South America. Despite this evidence Wegener and his followers mechanism for
continental movement was badly flawed. They proposed that the tidal forces from the Sun and Moon
like the tides in the ocean. This force is much too weak to move a continent so the theory was rejected.
Fossil plants and animal distribution on southern continents
In 1928 a geologist Arthur Holmes proposed the convection currents split the continents and that
these currents were in the mantel. Remember the knowledge of a mantel was already known at this
time. Ironically this was a mechanism had been proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1782. Many
geologi.
Atlantic Margins- Miall, Balkwell and McCracken 2008
1. This Chapter is included in the publication “The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and
Canada, 1st Edition” by Andrew D. Miall published by Elsevier Science in 2008.
Chapter 14
The Atlantic Margin Basins of North America
ANDREW D. MIALL, HUGH BALKWILL and JOCK McCRACKEN
ABSTRACT
The Atlantic margin of North America represents the classic “Atlantic-type” continental margin,
notably the margin off the east coast of the United States, which was the site of five deep
offshore stratigraphic test holes wells (the Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test, or COST
series) drilled in 1976-1979 on the Georges Bank, the Baltimore Canyon Trough, and the
Southeast Georgia Embayment. Data from these holes were used in the development of what
have become standard backstripping methods and subsidence models for extensional
continental margins.
Development of the margin began with the initial rifting of Pangea in the Triassic. Sea-floor
spreading began in the central Atlantic Ocean during the early Middle Jurassic, and extended
northward past Newfoundland beginning in the Late Jurassic. Active sea-floor spreading
generated the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay between the Cenomanian and the end of the
Oligocene.
The thickness of Jurassic-Recent sedimentary deposits on the continental margin locally reaches
25 km. Transects across the margin show a series of largely nonmarine rift basins, capped by a
breakup unconformity, above which is a seaward-thickening wedge of prograding shallow- to
deep-water marine deposits. Evaporites are widespread at the base of this section from the
Grand Banks to the Bahamas. Carbonates dominate the remaining deposits in the south,
notably in the Bahamas area, but as the North American continent drifted northwestward
through the Mesozoic, carbonate sedimentation gradually became less important in more
northerly parts of the continental margin. On Georges Bank, carbonate sedimentation ended in
the mid-Cretaceous, whereas on the Grand Banks it had essentially come to an end by the close
of the Jurassic. Shallow-marine and deltaic clastics comprise much the remaining succession
throughout the length of the Atlantic margin.
The continental margin developed by the processes of crustal thinning and crustal detachment.
Parts of the continental margin constitute an upper-plate margin, and parts a lower plate
margin. The Grand Banks area was affected by two distinct phases of rifting and flexural
subsidence as extension occurred in the central Atlantic, to the south, from Late Triassic to
Early Jurassic, and in the North Atlantic, to the northeast of the bank, from Late Jurassic to mid-
Cretaceous.
2. The discovery of major petroleum resources beneath the Grand Banks in 1979 led to extensive
seismic and offshore exploration work there, and additional oil and gas resources have been
discovered and developed. Gas reserves have been developed off Nova Scotia, and
undeveloped gas reserves are located on the Labrador shelf, but no commercial discoveries
have been made in the U.S. portion of the Atlantic margin.
