Assignment.5.2012
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This document discusses two problems related to the two-phase commit protocol. Problem 1 asks about possible execution scenarios when there are two participants and a coordinator using the two-phase commit protocol with cooperative termination. Problem 2 asks about devising a version of the two-phase commit protocol for a chain of n processes where each process can only communicate with adjacent processes, and asks questions about the protocol.
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Solution5.2012
This document describes solutions to problems involving the two-phase commit protocol.
Problem 1 discusses scenarios that could occur with two participants (P1 and P2) and a coordinator (C) using two-phase commit with cooperative termination. Scenario 1B is described where only P2 is blocked after failures occur.
Problem 2 involves devising a version of two-phase commit for a chain of n processes where each can only communicate with adjacent processes. The protocol uses 2n-2 messages and has process n never in an uncertainty period. Committing occurs when process n writes a commit record to its log. The protocol can be sped up if a process votes no by having it send abort messages to neighbors who
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This document describes solutions to problems involving the two-phase commit protocol.
Problem 1 discusses scenarios that could occur with two participants (P1 and P2) and a coordinator (C) using two-phase commit with cooperative termination. Scenario 1B is described where only P2 is blocked after failures occur.
Problem 2 involves devising a version of two-phase commit for a chain of n processes where each can only communicate with adjacent processes. The protocol uses 2n-2 messages and has process n never in an uncertainty period. Committing occurs when process n writes a commit record to its log. The protocol can be sped up if a process votes no by having it send abort messages to neighbors who
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Primary-copy replication designates one replica as the primary copy where transactions are applied. Updates are asynchronously propagated to secondary replicas. Multi-master replication allows transactions to update any replica with conflicts detected and resolved later. Other approaches include quorum-based consensus algorithms and configurations with various read and write requirements across replicas.
17 wics99 harkey
The document provides an overview and examples of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB). It discusses EJB concepts like session beans, entity beans, transactions, security and deployment. It includes code examples for a stateless session bean and stateful session bean that implements a simple counter. It also discusses related technologies like JNDI, JTA and deployment descriptors.
16 greg hope_com_wics
This document provides an agenda and overview of a presentation on COM+ and Microsoft's vision for web and appliance computing. The presentation covers the evolution of COM+ from earlier technologies like OLE and MTS, new features in COM+ 1.0 like attribute-based programming and services for load balancing and queuing. It discusses Microsoft's vision of simplifying and making web applications and appliances more reliable using technologies like Windows DNA and how COM+ fits into n-tier web application models and appliance computing.
15 bufferand records
This document discusses the file and buffer manager components of a database system. It describes how the file manager provides abstractions like device, allocation, and address independence. It also explains how the buffer manager caches data from external storage in main memory using techniques like logging, locking, and checkpointing to ensure data integrity and concurrency control during transaction processing. Key aspects of the buffer manager covered include its interface, replacement policies, and how it supports recovery through logging and maintaining page-level write-ahead logs.
14 turing wics
This document summarizes Jim Gray's 1998 Turing Lecture which discusses remaining challenges in information technology research. It identifies the need for long-term, university-led research projects supported by government funding. Specific challenges mentioned include making parallel programming easier, improving the scalability of databases and transaction processing systems, and advancing the state of artificial intelligence to pass the Turing Test within the next 50 years. The document outlines properties of effective long-term research goals and provides examples like devising an architecture that scales indefinitely.
14 scaleabilty wics
The document discusses scaleability and moving towards massive parallelism using large clusters of inexpensive computers. It envisions a future with trillions of clients being served by millions of servers built from commodity parts. Large organizations like Microsoft are already using large crowds of clustered computers to power sites like Hotmail and TerraServer that see massive web traffic.
13 tm adv
This document provides an overview of advanced transaction management techniques. It discusses mixing heterogeneous transaction managers, high availability commit and transfer of commit protocols, optimizing commit processes, and disaster protection through data and application replication. Specific topics covered include system pairing, logical logging, session takeover, and using replication for fault tolerance and high availability.
11 tm
The document describes the functions and operations of a Transaction Manager (TM). The TM receives calls to begin, save, prepare, commit, rollback transactions and read transaction contexts. It maintains data structures for transactions, resource managers, and sessions. It implements transaction functions like begin, commit through logging savepoints and coordinating with resource managers. On restart, it replays the log through REDO and UNDO operations to recover state and ensure transactions are recovered to a consistent state.
10b rm
This document provides an overview and whirlwind tour of resource managers and transaction processing. It discusses:
- The key actors in transaction processing including resource managers, transaction managers, log managers, and communication managers.
- The application programming interface verbs for beginning, committing, rolling back, and managing transactions.
- How transactions are executed normally and when failures occur.
- The transaction manager's role in coordinating transaction commit, recovery, and restart.
- Idempotent and testable operations and the challenges of logical versus physical logging.
10a log
The log is a sequential file that contains the complete history of changes made to the database. It uses various techniques like group commit and ping-pong writes to optimize writes to the log efficiently and reliably. The log anchor points to the end of the log and is carefully written to allow recovery after failures by finding the last part of the log and replaying transactions. Logs can be archived periodically to remove old transactions and advance the recovery start point.
09 workflow
The document discusses transaction processing and workflow management. It defines workflow as long-lived executions involving programs, databases, sensors and humans. It examines how transactional concepts like atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability apply at different levels in a workflow system. Transaction processing can be used at the workflow engine level and step level, but compensation and invariants are needed to define correctness at the long-lived script level. Resource managers and persistent storage need extensions to support the transactional needs of workflow systems.
08 message and_queues_dieter_gawlick
This document provides an overview of messaging and its importance for enterprise application integration. Messaging allows loosely coupled applications to communicate through messages rather than tight coupling using APIs or shared data. Key points covered include the basic functions of messaging like get, put, headers and payloads, as well as more advanced topics such as transformations, publish/subscribe, composite events, tracking and auditing. Popular messaging products and how software is typically packaged are also discussed.
06 07 lock
The document discusses locking for concurrency control in databases. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including why locking is used, when to lock, what to lock, how to lock, exotic locking techniques, deadlocks, and performance. It then discusses why locking is needed to provide transaction isolation and ensure equivalent execution to some serial schedule. The document introduces formal definitions of transactions, histories, equivalence, and dependency graphs. It describes the three bad transaction dependencies that locking aims to prevent. Finally, it discusses how locks can be used to define legal histories and proves the serializability theorem.
05 tp mon_orbs
The document discusses transaction processing concepts including:
1) Transaction processing monitors (TP monitors) manage transactions and interface with resource managers like databases.
2) Resource managers provide services to users and protect resources using transactions. They interface with the TP monitor.
3) Context information like a user's position in a result set needs to be managed across multiple requests to ensure consistency.
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Assignment.5.2012
- 1. CSEP 545 Transaction Processing for E-Commerce 2/8/2012 Assignment 5 1 Assignment 5 Problem 1 Consider a system that uses the two-phase commit protocol with the cooperative termination protocol and no other optimization. Assuming there are two participants (P1 and P2) and a coordinator (C), for each of the following either describe an execution scenario or explain why it cannot happen: a. P1 and P2 participants are blocked. b. Only P2 participant is blocked. c. C is blocked. Problem 2 Suppose there are n processes involved in 2PC, where process 1 is the transaction’s home. Suppose the processes are arranged in a chain (NOT a ring), so that each process can only communicate with adjacent processes in the chain. That is, process 1 can communicate only with process 2, process n-1 can communicate only with process n, and for each i where 1<i<n, process i can communicate only with processes i-1 and i+1. a. Devise a version of the 2PC protocol for this arrangement of processes that uses 2n – 2 messages to commit a transaction. b. In the protocol you devised in (a), is there any process that is never in an uncertainty period? If so, which one, and why? c. In the protocol you devised in (a), what action commits the transaction? d. Explain how to modify the protocol to speed up the protocol in the event that a process votes No.