This document discusses copyright issues related to works created by non-human entities such as animals and AI. It notes a case where a photo taken by a macaque monkey raised questions about whether animals can claim copyrights. It also discusses how AI systems are already creating works that could be financially viable and questions how long non-human copyrights should last. The document appears to be assignments for a class on developing a brand and website called Creature Credit that would handle copyrights for works created by non-human entities.
My ESWC 2017 keynote: Disrupting the Semantic Comfort ZoneLora Aroyo
Ambiguity in interpreting signs is not a new idea, yet the vast majority of research in machine interpretation of signals such as speech, language, images, video, audio, etc., tend to ignore ambiguity. This is evidenced by the fact that metrics for quality of machine understanding rely on a ground truth, in which each instance (a sentence, a photo, a sound clip, etc) is assigned a discrete label, or set of labels, and the machine’s prediction for that instance is compared to the label to determine if it is correct. This determination yields the familiar precision, recall, accuracy, and f-measure metrics, but clearly presupposes that this determination can be made. CrowdTruth is a form of collective intelligence based on a vector representation that accommodates diverse interpretation perspectives and encourages human annotators to disagree with each other, in order to expose latent elements such as ambiguity and worker quality. In other words, CrowdTruth assumes that when annotators disagree on how to label an example, it is because the example is ambiguous, the worker isn’t doing the right thing, or the task itself is not clear. In previous work on CrowdTruth, the focus was on how the disagreement signals from low quality workers and from unclear tasks can be isolated. Recently, we observed that disagreement can also signal ambiguity. The basic hypothesis is that, if workers disagree on the correct label for an example, then it will be more difficult for a machine to classify that example. The elaborate data analysis to determine if the source of the disagreement is ambiguity supports our intuition that low clarity signals ambiguity, while high clarity sentences quite obviously express one or more of the target relations. In this talk I will share the experiences and lessons learned on the path to understanding diversity in human interpretation and the ways to capture it as ground truth to enable machines to deal with such diversity.
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2. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment One, Research
“Are copyrighted works only by and for
humans?”
http://www.kurzweilai.net/are-copyrighted-works-only-by-and-for-humans
3. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment One, Research
A photo taken by the hands of a macaque
monkey poses the question of whether
animals can claim copyrights.
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/06/wikipedia-monkey-selfie-copyright-artists
4. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment One, Research
“It is beyond doubt that artificial intelligence (“AI”)
machines and systems already can and will create
music, art, and literature. Some such works will be
viable financially.”
http://www.kurzweilai.net/are-copyrighted-works-only-by-and-for-humans
5. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment One, Research
“What will be the duration of non-human copyrights?
The current copyright term of protection is the life of the
author plus 70 years.”
http://www.kurzweilai.net/are-copyrighted-works-only-by-and-for-humans
6. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment One, Description of Future
Product or Service
Non-human Copyrighting
7. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Two, Naming Process
- Animals receiving copyrights for work
- Unlimited possibilities of work
- Not limited to just animals
- Giving your pet an identity
- Animals-Mammals-Creatures
- Copyright-Name-Credit
CreditAnimal
Creature Credit
8. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Two, Character Diagram
Creature
Credit
Character/Pers
ona
Intellectual
Creative
Pet Lovers
Fun
Language
Legal
Open
Flexible
zoological
Tone
Energetic
Good-spirited
Careful
Silly
Purpose
Charm
Humor
Accept
Enlighten
11. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Three, Finished Logotype
Representative Animals of a fun Granted and animalistic Copyrights
way of CC, for Creature
Credit
Shannon Toohey
12. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Four, Social Media Branding,
Facebook Pages
• https://www.facebook.com/PUMA
• https://www.facebook.com/humanesociet
y
• https://www.facebook.com/uber
16. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Webpage Layout
Research for Wireframes
http://walkerstalkercon.com
17. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Webpage Layout
Research for Wireframes
www.target.com
18. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Wireframe
Creature Credit
Logo
Service Service Service Service Service
About
Contact Us
Success Stories
Photos or
Slideshow
Location
19. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Tagline Research
Acura- “The Road will Never Be
the Same”
Allstate Insurance- “You’re in
good hands with Allstate.”
FedEx- “The world on time.”
Hertz- “Hertz puts you in the
driver’s seat.”
http://www.taglineguru.com/sloganlist.html
21. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Homepage Virtual Design
in a Browser
http://invis.io/ZH1PFOMUY
22. Animals Granted Copyrights Shannon Toohey
Assignment Five, Lower Level
Visual Design in a Browser
Clients
If Paws made it,
Paws own it.
What we do
About the owners
Past Clients
Regulations
Contact Us