This document discusses Indonesia's electricity challenges and opportunities for renewable energy development in Central Sulawesi. It notes that while 94% of Indonesian households have access to electricity, many remote areas experience frequent blackouts and power cuts. This disrupts businesses and damages appliances. The document then outlines renewable energy options for Central Sulawesi, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass from waste. It proposes specific projects for the capital Palu and small islands to develop these renewables and achieve energy independence. The region could become a leader in renewable energy and energy exports while reducing emissions and developing sustainably.

1. Abigail Moore (abigail2105)
Assignment for “Turn Down the Heat – why we must avoid a 4°C world”

3.  Indonesia: according to World Bank, 94% households in
Indonesia have access to electricity
(http://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/eg.elc.accs.zs?downloadformat=excel)
 The reality here is very different...
o many islands and remote villages have no electricity at all, or a
few people have small, very polluting and inefficient diesel
generators – usually only 6pm to 11 or 12pm
o in towns: power cuts (up to > 12 hrs) are very frequent, “brown-
outs” (low voltage) occur most days (especially evenings)
 this plays havoc with businesses and other activities, and
electrical/electronic appliances have very short lives
 property and lives are lost from fires during blackouts
 fisheries sector: cold chain is (almost) impossible in islands
with rich fisheries resources – waste and low value
 Capital City Palu has a very rapid growth in electricity demand
(http://bisnis.tempo.co/read/news/2013/02/22/092462951/Konsumsi-Listrik-Palu-Tumbuh-Tertinggi)
 It is clear that safe, reliable power (electricity) is a top
priority for rural and urban development in our province

4. Fossil fuel emissions contribute to
global climate change and ocean
acidification. Both have many negative
impacts on our predominantly coastal
and archipelagic area
(Hoegh-Guldberg O., Hoegh-Guldberg H., Veron J.E.N., Gree, A.,
Gomez E. D, et al... (2009). The Coral Triangle and Climate Change:
Ecosystems, People and Societies at Risk. WWF Australia, Brisbane;
Nellemann C., Corcoran E., Duarte C.M., Valdés L., De Young C.,
Fonseca L. dan Grimsditch G. (Eds). (2009). Blue Carbon. A Rapid
Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme,
GRID-Arendal,Norway. 80 hal.
http://www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/ocean_warming.html
www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/ocean_acidification.html
http://qsr2010.ospar.org/en/ch03_01.html

5. Projections for Indonesian energy use are frightening –
even with so-called renewable energy policies...
Above: the predicted rise in
CO2 emissions for business as
usual and planned renewable
or low carbon energy policies
to 2050 – at best reduce the
increase to about 3-fold...
Source: Indonesian Energy Council data),
http://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-
download/outlookenerginasional2014finaltanpanote-
150107013113-conversion-gate02.pptx

6.  We could do much better
than 17% renewables...
o In our area
o nationwide...
 Example: Nusa Penida
renewable energy project
(http://phys.org/news/2014-05-indonesian-island-
green-power-revolution.html )
o combination of solar
energy and wind power
o biogas (from animal dung)
o mini-hydro-electric plants
o target of 100% renewable
by 2025 – ambitious but
possible...
o supported by NGOs with
strong community buy-in

7.  Central Sulawesi is on the Equator: Solar
power should be viable in Palu and other
areas of Central Sulawesi with high
insolation and low rainfall like Nusa
Penida
 Affordable solar panels have been
developed by a local technical college
 Problems:
 Theft: solar cells installed in several
projects have been stolen – need to
develop security-wise models
 Storage: peak load in evening, use of car
batteries is not exactly environmentally
friendly – or efficient
 Maybe something like TESLA powerwalls
and storage batteries are the way to go...
(http://www.inhabitat.com/images/bipv1.jpg; http://www.abbey-solar.com/images/space-
saving-solar-panels.png; http://www.gizmag.com/tesla-battery-powerwall/37283/

8.  Most of Indonesia: average
winds too slow and unreliable
 The provincial capital Palu has
a local reliable daily seabreeze –
proven suitable for windpower
(Sam & Pattabang, http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/
SMARTEK/ article/download/336/276)
 ...or combined solar/wind power
installations
 Suitable technology available
 Many scales possible
o PLN (national ) or municipal/
local government
o local communities or estates
o public buildings (government
offices, schools etc)
o individual homes or
businesses...

9.  On the “ring of fire” and
“Palu-Koro” fault
 14 reported geothermal
sites (government data)
 proven potential at Bora
near Palu (pers. com. by expert
from a NZ company wanting to invest)
http://dtwh2.esdm.go.id/dw2007/data/sumberdaya
/peta-sumberdaya-cadangan-panasbumi2005.jpg

10.  Palu City and Palu Bay/Valley
o combined wind/solar installations – grid and private or
for institutions, housing estates etc
o government buildings; new ones woth solar roofs,
retro-fit when renovating old ones
o tax incentives for private installations
o expand current pilot project on waste from energy
 Small Islands
o solar or combined wind/solar, depending on wind
patterns – provide communications, cold chain for
fisheries as well as household/business electricity
o possibly waste energy installations – partly solve the
growing waste problem too
 Bora and all (14) Geothermal sites if viable
o develop geothermal capacity

11.  Central Sulawesi as a leader in renewable energy
o energy for local development and welfare
o energy to export to other areas in Sulawesi
o clean air, low carbon footprint ... PLUS:
 REDD – enhance current pilot
project in Central Sulawesi:
expand from terrestrial forests
to include blue carbon
(mangrove, seagrass)
 Palu – truly “Green and Clean”
– make the City Moto become
a reality!