The document discusses Effective Microorganism (EM) technology, which uses a mixed culture of beneficial microorganisms to increase microbial diversity and has applications in agriculture, waste management, and environmental protection. EM technology was developed in Japan by Professor Higa as a low-cost, natural method to address issues caused by overuse of chemicals in industrial development and farming, which puts strain on natural resources. It works by fermenting sugars and plant extracts with EM microbes that produce anti-oxidants and substances to promote regeneration while preventing decomposition.

2. EM TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
EM – Technology stands for:
“Effective Micro-organism Technology”.
It is a revolutionary technology.
Uses mixed culture of beneficial micro-organism.
Increase microbial diversity but has many other
applications.

6. EM Technology
TYPES OF MICRO-ORGANISM USED

8. EM Technology
Purpose for Development of EM-Tech
Problems are sailing the world due to:
Over use of chemicals and toxic compounds i.e.
pesticides.
Chemical Farming.
Greater & Greater industrial development.
It puts strain on:
 Natural Resources
 Quality of Water
 Yield from Farm lands
 Disposal of ever-increasing waste

10. EM Technology
Purpose for Development of EM-Tech
All these factors have led this planet earth and all its
inhabitants down a path of escalating degradation.
Toxic substances that enter the food chain at the
lowest level and migrate upward, net spreading the
potential damage to higher life forms.
Solution is remarkable simplicity i.e. with smallest
known life form i.e. micro-organisms.

11. EM Technology
Background & Merits over other Technologies
It was developed by Prof. T. Higa in Japan.
EMs – are not genetically engineered.
No harmful effect on human body even when ingested accidently.
Extremely cost-effective.
Not chemically produced.

12. EM Technology
Mechanism of action
The Anti-oxidation principle:
 Anti-oxidants in EMs neutralize free radicals.
Promote a regenerative environment.
Oxidation:
 Bonding of oxygen with substances.
 Iron + Oxygen = rust
 Cut apple + oxygen = brown cut surface.
Free radicals are produced during oxidation.

14. EM Technology
Mechanism of action
Anti-oxidation:
Stops substances bonding with oxygen.
EMs produce large quantities of anti-oxidants.
Polysaccharides.
Chelated minerals with catalytic activity.
Vitamin-C & E.
Micro-nutrients.
EMs are regenerative micro-organisms.
Directly & indirectly prevent decomposition and thus keep living
organisms & environment healthy.

15. EM Technology
Fermentation by EMs – Protecting
Environment
Fermentation process is the basis for manufacture of
our products.
Fermentation of sugar cane molasses, herb or plant
extracts produces enzymes, vitamins, anti-oxidants.
They stimulate regenerative processes, promote plant
& animal health and have positive effect on
environment.

17. EM Technology
Major Applications
1. Soil Formation:
 The soil microbes participate in this process through many ways.
 Filamentous microbes assemble clay particles using extensive network of
hyphae resulting into soil aggregates.
 Some bacteria and fungi produce substances by decomposing organic matter
that bind soil particles physically and chemically.

18. EM Technology
Major Applications
2. Soil Fertility:
Minimize erosion, as soil micro-organisms are predominantly located in
surface layers that are most easily eroded.
Maintain/increase the organic matter content of soil as organic matter is an
important source of carbon, energy and nutrients.

20. EM Technology
Major Applications
3. Soil Quality:
EMs improve soil quality by:
 Releasing nutrient from organic matter.
 Fining atmospheric nitrogen.
 Increasing phosphorous availability.
 Degrading pesticides.
 Controlling pathogens.

22. EM Technology
EMs in waste-water Treatment:
Use of micro-organism in waste-water treatment,
results in:
 FOG reduction.
 BOD reduction.
 COD reduction
 TTs odor elimination.

24. EM Technology
Mechanism of removal of pollutants:
a- Aerobically b- Anaerobically
Bioremediation: Bioreactors present highly controlled
method of treating, contaminants because,
(a) Temperature (b) pH (c) Nutrient amounts (d) Agitation.
can be controlled in batch or continuous reactors.
In composite or slurry-based reactors, microbial activity and
thus contaminant degradation can be maximally optimized.
Treatment of contaminated oil.

26. EM Technology
Adverse Effects of Micro-organisms:
Cause food spoilage & decomposition.
Pathogenic micro-organisms, decompose root nodules,
leaching nutrients from plants.
Reactive the efficiency of nutrient uptake and
metabolism, resulting in stunted plant growth.
Cause:
 Leaf rust
 Stem rust
 Powder mildews

27. EM Technology
Adverse Effects of Micro-organisms:
Bacteria can cause
 Leaf spot with yellow holes
 Fruit spot
 Crown gall.
Viral diseases
 Mosaic leaf pattern
 Crinkled yellowed leaves
Diseases in humans
a) Cholera b) Leprosy c) Plague d) Tuberculosis
e) AIDS f) Chicken-pox g) Small box h) Pneumonia etc.

28. EM Technology
EFFECTIVE MICRO-ORGANISM
TECHNOLOGY