1. This weeks written activity is a three- part activity. You wilTatianaMajor22
1. This week's written activity is a three- part activity. You will respond to three separate prompts but prepare your paper as one research paper. Be sure to include at least one UC library source per prompt, in addition to your textbook (which means you'll have at least 4 sources cited).
Start your paper with an introductory paragraph.
Prompt 1 "Data Warehouse Architecture" (2-3 pages): Explain the major components of a data warehouse architecture, including the various forms of data transformations needed to prepare data for a data warehouse. Also, describe in your own words current key trends in data warehousing.
Prompt 2 "Big Data" (2-3 pages): Describe your understanding of big data and give an example of how you’ve seen big data used either personally or professionally. In your view, what demands is big data placing on organizations and data management technology?
Prompt 3 “Green Computing” (2-3 pages): One of our topics in Chapter 13 surrounds IT Green Computing. The need for green computing is becoming more obvious considering the amount of power needed to drive our computers, servers, routers, switches, and data centers. Discuss ways in which organizations can make their data centers “green”. In your discussion, find an example of an organization that has already implemented IT green computing strategies successfully. Discuss that organization and share your link. You can find examples in the UC Library.
Conclude your paper with a detailed conclusion section.
The paper needs to be approximately 7-10 pages long, including both a title page and a references page (for a total of 9-12 pages). Be sure to use proper APA formatting and citations to avoid plagiarism.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately seven to ten pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course, the course textbook, and at least three scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find supplemental resources.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
The ‘S’ in ESG gains currency
-Gender equality and human rights are benchmarkers for companies
-Inequality in wages lead to lesser economic output which can lower GDP by 10%-30%
-Gender equality needs to be larger than wage gap (maternity/paternity leave, career advancement, and go beyond legal minimums)
-Gender equality leads to outperforming competition
-COVID-19 has brought these social issues to light
Why Diversity and Inclusion Matters
The more diverse companies (gender and ethnic diversity) are now more likely than ever to outperform less diverse peer ...
Running head SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER1SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPE.docxtodd521
Running head: SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER
1
SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER
4
Skills Assessment Paper
Summary of Skills
For the development of an organization to be successful and effectively achieve set goals and objectives, strong management and organization skills will be required (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Our Team A brings a broad spectrum of skills and talents coming from life, educational and work-related experiences. Each member of the team possesses unique skill sets that will bring fresh ideas, techniques and creative solutions to challenges in the development of our consulting firm.
A thorough evaluation of our team member’s skills, suggests that our key strengths lie within teamwork and dedication, creating presentations, critical thinking, problem-solving techniques, communication, research, and observations. With these skills, this team will be able to successfully achieve most tasks necessary in the development of a consulting firm. This team will need to use these skills to collaborate efforts in a cooperative manner to create, plan, develop and accomplish the goals of the consulting firm. This evaluation also portrays a strong dedication to learning and improving which is beneficial in the development of new skills that may be needed.
Most members of our team currently have educational and professional experience that proves an intense desire to improve and advocate change and educate communities to collaborate an effort enhancing the lives of individuals. This desire will effectively promote positive changes both within communities as well as at a societal level. The team’s overall commitment is to meet basic human needs through education, focusing on identification of challenges and prevention, as well as assist in overcoming personal and organizational obstacles that individuals may face. Our team is committed to improving the overall quality of life through advocacy and action.
The first type of consulting firm that we could possibly work with would be a human services/independent living consulting program. This program would collaborate with a client’s care givers, doctors and independent care organizations to assist in facilitating a client’s independence and improve or maintain health. This consulting firm would collaborate efforts to create an independent, long-term care plan that will enhance the develop of daily living skills, educate on services and programs available, exercise the right to make healthy living choices, and encourage pro-active involvement of all care-giving professionals in the pursuit of personal growth, presence, and participation in the long term care process. This program will improve and emphasis respect and dignity through the promotion of independence.
PLEASE ADD THE OTHER TWO TYPES HERE!
The types of problems these consulting firms might solve.
Inflexible regulatory and legal issues create competitive obstacles human services providers face when offering health services to communities.
Capital Investment in Health Systems: What is the latest thinking?HFG Project
Capital investment in health typically refers to large expenditures in construction of hospitals and other facilities, investment in diagnostic and treatment technologies, and information technology platforms. These investments are characterized by their longevity and they are critical to efforts to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. Contrary to developed countries where there is well documented experience on capital investment in the health sector, including use of public private partnerships for the investment; there is little evidence on capital investment in health from low and middle income countries.
This work was undertaken to add to the HFG’s knowledge and learning strategy by clarifying what good practice guidance exists in capital benchmark in LMICs health sectors, as well as the HFG project’s experience in the area. This brief will be of value to all those interested in the planning and financing the capital investment in the health sector. This includes politicians, planners, managers, health professionals, architects, designers, and researchers in both the public and private sectors.
Four Population Health Management Strategies that Help Organizations Improve ...Health Catalyst
Population health management (PHM) strategies help organizations achieve sustainable outcomes improvement by guiding transformation across the continuum of care, versus focusing improvement resources on limited populations and acute care. Because population health comprises the complete picture of individual and population health (health behaviors, clinical care social and economic factors, and the physical environment), health systems can use PHM strategies to ensure that improvement initiatives comprehensively impact healthcare delivery.
Organizations can leverage four PHM strategies to achieve sustainable improvement:
Data transformation
Analytic transformation
Payment transformation
Care transformation
1. This weeks written activity is a three- part activity. You wilTatianaMajor22
1. This week's written activity is a three- part activity. You will respond to three separate prompts but prepare your paper as one research paper. Be sure to include at least one UC library source per prompt, in addition to your textbook (which means you'll have at least 4 sources cited).
Start your paper with an introductory paragraph.
Prompt 1 "Data Warehouse Architecture" (2-3 pages): Explain the major components of a data warehouse architecture, including the various forms of data transformations needed to prepare data for a data warehouse. Also, describe in your own words current key trends in data warehousing.
Prompt 2 "Big Data" (2-3 pages): Describe your understanding of big data and give an example of how you’ve seen big data used either personally or professionally. In your view, what demands is big data placing on organizations and data management technology?
Prompt 3 “Green Computing” (2-3 pages): One of our topics in Chapter 13 surrounds IT Green Computing. The need for green computing is becoming more obvious considering the amount of power needed to drive our computers, servers, routers, switches, and data centers. Discuss ways in which organizations can make their data centers “green”. In your discussion, find an example of an organization that has already implemented IT green computing strategies successfully. Discuss that organization and share your link. You can find examples in the UC Library.
Conclude your paper with a detailed conclusion section.
The paper needs to be approximately 7-10 pages long, including both a title page and a references page (for a total of 9-12 pages). Be sure to use proper APA formatting and citations to avoid plagiarism.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately seven to ten pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course, the course textbook, and at least three scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find supplemental resources.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
The ‘S’ in ESG gains currency
-Gender equality and human rights are benchmarkers for companies
-Inequality in wages lead to lesser economic output which can lower GDP by 10%-30%
-Gender equality needs to be larger than wage gap (maternity/paternity leave, career advancement, and go beyond legal minimums)
-Gender equality leads to outperforming competition
-COVID-19 has brought these social issues to light
Why Diversity and Inclusion Matters
The more diverse companies (gender and ethnic diversity) are now more likely than ever to outperform less diverse peer ...
Running head SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER1SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPE.docxtodd521
Running head: SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER
1
SKILLS ASSESSMENT PAPER
4
Skills Assessment Paper
Summary of Skills
For the development of an organization to be successful and effectively achieve set goals and objectives, strong management and organization skills will be required (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Our Team A brings a broad spectrum of skills and talents coming from life, educational and work-related experiences. Each member of the team possesses unique skill sets that will bring fresh ideas, techniques and creative solutions to challenges in the development of our consulting firm.
A thorough evaluation of our team member’s skills, suggests that our key strengths lie within teamwork and dedication, creating presentations, critical thinking, problem-solving techniques, communication, research, and observations. With these skills, this team will be able to successfully achieve most tasks necessary in the development of a consulting firm. This team will need to use these skills to collaborate efforts in a cooperative manner to create, plan, develop and accomplish the goals of the consulting firm. This evaluation also portrays a strong dedication to learning and improving which is beneficial in the development of new skills that may be needed.
Most members of our team currently have educational and professional experience that proves an intense desire to improve and advocate change and educate communities to collaborate an effort enhancing the lives of individuals. This desire will effectively promote positive changes both within communities as well as at a societal level. The team’s overall commitment is to meet basic human needs through education, focusing on identification of challenges and prevention, as well as assist in overcoming personal and organizational obstacles that individuals may face. Our team is committed to improving the overall quality of life through advocacy and action.
The first type of consulting firm that we could possibly work with would be a human services/independent living consulting program. This program would collaborate with a client’s care givers, doctors and independent care organizations to assist in facilitating a client’s independence and improve or maintain health. This consulting firm would collaborate efforts to create an independent, long-term care plan that will enhance the develop of daily living skills, educate on services and programs available, exercise the right to make healthy living choices, and encourage pro-active involvement of all care-giving professionals in the pursuit of personal growth, presence, and participation in the long term care process. This program will improve and emphasis respect and dignity through the promotion of independence.
PLEASE ADD THE OTHER TWO TYPES HERE!
The types of problems these consulting firms might solve.
Inflexible regulatory and legal issues create competitive obstacles human services providers face when offering health services to communities.
Capital Investment in Health Systems: What is the latest thinking?HFG Project
Capital investment in health typically refers to large expenditures in construction of hospitals and other facilities, investment in diagnostic and treatment technologies, and information technology platforms. These investments are characterized by their longevity and they are critical to efforts to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. Contrary to developed countries where there is well documented experience on capital investment in the health sector, including use of public private partnerships for the investment; there is little evidence on capital investment in health from low and middle income countries.
This work was undertaken to add to the HFG’s knowledge and learning strategy by clarifying what good practice guidance exists in capital benchmark in LMICs health sectors, as well as the HFG project’s experience in the area. This brief will be of value to all those interested in the planning and financing the capital investment in the health sector. This includes politicians, planners, managers, health professionals, architects, designers, and researchers in both the public and private sectors.
Four Population Health Management Strategies that Help Organizations Improve ...Health Catalyst
Population health management (PHM) strategies help organizations achieve sustainable outcomes improvement by guiding transformation across the continuum of care, versus focusing improvement resources on limited populations and acute care. Because population health comprises the complete picture of individual and population health (health behaviors, clinical care social and economic factors, and the physical environment), health systems can use PHM strategies to ensure that improvement initiatives comprehensively impact healthcare delivery.
Organizations can leverage four PHM strategies to achieve sustainable improvement:
Data transformation
Analytic transformation
Payment transformation
Care transformation
How to Improve Healthcare Reporting Management System.pptxFlutter Agency
Here in this article, you will see the tips about the healthcare reporting management system. Read these top 8 tips to improve the Healthcare Reporting Management System.
Policy Brief: What Steps Are Countries Taking To Implement Pro-Poor Universal...HFG Project
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation, the Commission on Investing in Health made the case that pro-poor pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent.
Much has been written about what steps countries have taken and are currently taking to: (1) set and expand guaranteed services, (2) develop health financing systems to fund guaranteed services and ensure FP, (3) ensure high-quality service availability and delivery, (4) improve governance and management of the health sector, and (5) strengthen other aspects of health systems to move closer to UHC. As background for a meeting on UHC implementation, held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center, Italy, from 7–9 July 2015, we reviewed this body of literature, and conducted interviews with global UHC implementers and researchers. In this short policy brief, we synthesize the key messages from the literature and interviews.
Portfolio Summary: JSI's Work in Research, Monitoring, Evaluation & HISJSI
Learn about JSI's work in M&E, health information systems strengthening, and innovations in data and analytics from the past two years. We highlight examples from our global and US portfolios, including work on Innovations for MNCH, USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, SPRING, our bilateral projects in Ethiopia and Nigeria, and more.
Mahankali Week 15 - DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormWeek 15 –.docxcroysierkathey
Mahankali
Week 15 - Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Week 15 – Discussion
ERM at Learner Centered Teaching & Strategic Risk Management:
Learner Centered Teaching (LCT) is based on learning research that summons more active, inductive instruction. It is extremely interesting to see students strongly arguing for the most important step in an ERM process even when there may not actually be a hierarchy, Increased student engagement strengthened team-based skills, personalized student guidance, focused classroom discussion, and faculty freedom are several benefits of the growing LCT adoption.
Managing Financial Risk assessment is a major point that TL approach gives an example of the trade-offs, costs, and benefits of hedging with futures contracts often starting with a simple natural hedge. Here, the student records the respective payoffs to long and short positions when prices change. Students memorize the transactions and expect to replicate the steps with different numbers, and maybe even a different futures contract for a challenging TL course.
ERM is a business management support process for several years and proponents of ERM have been advocating incorporating the ERM process into strategic and business planning to increase its utility. The specific purpose is to reduce the impact of adverse events and be ready to exploit emerging opportunities and adapting the ERM process within the existing strategic and business planning methodology. Organizations that view the ERM process as supporting business strategies should consider positioning it where the primary goals are both to grow the business and to protect value: corporate planning and the business units can be utilized to incorporate ERM into the strategic and annual business planning process with three internal scan elements -
· Surveying the C-Suite on risk managements
· Effectiveness of risk controls & security audit
· Creating ERM Risk register
The surveys will enable a comparison between the current state of risk management activities and the corresponding risk control efforts and ERM risk register is a tool for organizing the identified risks and their internal owners.
References:
· Fraser, J., Simkins, B., & Narvaez, K. (2014). Implementing enterprise risk management: Case studies and best practices. John Wiley & Sons.
Bottom of Form
For the final paper in this course, you will find a case study on a healthcare organization that conducted a quality improvement (QI) project where they implemented a quality improvement process such as those found in Chapter 4 of the textbook including, but not limited to: Shewhart Cycle or PDCA/PDSA Cycle, API Improvement Model, Six Sigma, Baldridge Award, etc. Once you identify the case study, you will include the following sections in your paper listed below.
You are required to submit your selected case study for approval. Please check the course schedule for the due date.
· Introduction/Background
· Background information about the healthca ...
Running Head BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES .docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES 1
BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES 2
Bellevue Hospital And The Heart Health Services
Introduction of Bellevue hospital and the heart health service
Bellevue Hospital is the oldest public hospital in the USA and boasts having the most effective staff in line with the goals of the hospital in caregiving. Located at 462 First Avenue in the Kip bay of Manhattan in New York City. Currently, it serves an average of 460000 outpatients and has grown to be one of the most efficient hospitals in New York City. The heart health service is housed in the cardiology, and cardiothoracic surgery department which is world-renowned and the heart health program is among the few departments in the world and has a state of the art labs and have “our door to STEMI” produces better services beyond the average (Root, Schonfeld, Williams, & Poppers, 2017).
Mission, vision and strategic goal of the organisation
The mission of the hospital is to provide the highest quality of care to all the needy people in New York and all over the world with honesty, integrity, and with dignity even if the patient is not in a position to pay for the service that has been provided to them. The vision of the hospital is to be among the top ten hospitals in the country as far as the provision of quality service is concerned. Further, the hospital has a strategic goal of making the hospital the most popular in terms of compliance and service delivery so that all the people would work better at all time without any failure (Bellevue, 2016). Another strategic goal is improving communication so that the service delivery can be first, efficient and up to date.
The current state of the service using the marketing framework
The current state of the service is that it has invested in technology to serve the goals and ambitions of the hospital. It has incorporated technology to come up with the state of the art lab where people all over the country can be served. It is one of the hospitals where open-heart surgery is performed. Since the need of the hospital is to be the go-to place, it has ensured that the appropriate technology, leadership, and correct values to ensure that the correct virtues of the hospitals are maintained for better service delivery.
Stakeholders of the organization using the marketing framework
The Bellevue hospital has several stakeholders who interact in a very effective way to maintain the business in the hospital. The first stakeholders are the patients who pay for the services and the physicians who work around the clock to ensure that the patients always get what they pay for. The government is yet another stakeholder mainly mandated to monitor and ensure that the organization operates within the dictates of the law. Insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies all work together to ensure that the goals of the o ...
Analysis of drivers that cause restricted access to funding for smaller biotech companies.
A detailed reviewed of the steps
venture capitalists and companies are
taking — models such as fail-fast R&D, asset-centric funding and more.
Proposal of a model that
could radically change R&D by taking a
much more holistic approach to drug
development, sharing information to
learn in real time across the cycle of care
and fundamentally changing how risk
and reward are allocated.
Rethinking Value Based Healthcare
Around the world healthcare providers are busy exploring how value-based healthcare can both improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery and seed new opportunities for innovation. Continuing our collaboration with Denmark, we are very pleased to release a new perspective on how VBHC can have greater impact in practice. Based on insights from a recent event hosted by DTU Executive Business Education and undertaken in partnership with Rethink Value, this point of view looks at the key issues for patients, physicals, providers and payers.
It explores some of the associated implications for healthcare systems worldwide, highlights several leading early examples of VBHC in practice and looks at how it can have impact at scale. Recommendations focus on the structure of care, key metrics, moving beyond pilots, changes in reimbursement models and the need for greater insight sharing and deeper collaboration.
For related Future Agenda research see www.futureofpatientdata.org
Submission Id a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf0243 SIM.docxdavid4611
Submission Id: a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf02
43% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 12 GRAMMAR ISSUES
Int ernet Source 14%
Inst it ut ion 29%
Nanah Kamara
StatisticsInhealthcare (1).docx
Summary
838 Words
Healt h St at ist ics
Tit le: Healt h St at ist ics
Name: Nanah Kamara
Inst it ut e: GCU
Dat e: 06/09/2019
Describe t he applicat ion of st at ist ics in healt h care. Specifically discuss it s
significance t o qualit y, safet y, healt h promot ion, and leadership.
In healt hcare, we use st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt hcare and keep pat ient s
safe. Healt h St at ist ics provide informat ion for underst anding, monit oring, improving
and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he lives of people, provide services and
promot e t heir well-being. St at ist ics are used in healt hcare for research, qualit y
improvement , inequalit ies in healt hcare, risk analysis, invent ory management and cost ,
resource ut ilizat ion, pat ient lengt h of st ay, pat ient sat isfact ion, clinical t rials,
morbidit y and mort alit y, effect s of new t reat ment s, measuring change, laborat ory
analysis, educat ion, and much more.
We are using st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt hcare and keep pat ient s safe.
Healt h St at ist ics basically provide informat ion for underst anding, monit oring,
improving and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he lives of people, provide
services and promot e t heir well-being.
In healt h care, st at ist ics is used t o “ident ify pat ient care t rends using dat a, and
increase t he abilit y t o creat e and ut ilize evidence-based pract ice”. There are several
major uses of healt h st at ist ics. Healt h st at ist ics helps creat e fundament al knowledge
about t he healt h of populat ions; it provides informat ion t o guide healt h policy
Spelling mistake: Nanah Nanak
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 1…
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 1…
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 2…
development , assessment , and evaluat ion.
St at ist ics have been ut ilized in healt hcare since at least t he 19t h cent ury. Florence
Night ingale used a st at ist ical approach t o decrease t he mort alit y rat e of Brit ish
t roops in Crimea. She was an innovat or in t he collect ion, t abulat ion, int erpret at ion, and
graphical display of descript ive st at ist ics and her met iculous records were a key t o
present day st at ist ical qualit y measurement (Sheingold& Hahn, 2014). Clara Bart on
applied t he same analysis in t he Unit ed St at es during t he Civil War. Louis Past eur
applied st at ist ics in his research of microbes and t he germ t heory t o creat e penicillin.
This evidence led t o t he wide-scale adopt ion led t o t he development of
past eurizat ion.
Influenza Pandemic is t he worst out break of disease in U.S. hist ory (1918) and in.
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGEWALDEN U.docxaudeleypearl
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGE
WALDEN UNIVERSITY
JULY 28, 2019
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
My Facilityl is focused on providing quality healthcare to all patients regardless of their differences.
The facility is has a culture of embracing change as long as it helps in improving the patients’ health outcomes.
However, since our hospital is a community-based health service facility, there are some of things that need to be changed.
The healthcare facility offers cancer services including screening and management services. Screening is offered to the community occasionally when the facility organizes cancer awareness where they get more cancer professionals from other hospitals to help provide screening services to the people.
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
The problem facing the healthcare facility currently is the lack of cancer screening awareness among the community members and enough oncologists.
Cancer screening services require advanced technology and machines to ensure detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer is one of the top diseases causing high mortality rates around the world presently.
The federal and national government are the key stakeholders who need to provide the hospitals with funds for purchase of cancer screening machines and hiring of enough oncologists.
The risk involved with this change is the cancer screening costs which might not be affordable to all people.
Organization Description and Readiness for Change
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Increasing cancer screening awareness can be done in the community especially in various institution where many people come together.
Cancer screening awareness can also be increased by passing the information on importance of screening in social media and also for every patient that visits the hospital.
Cancer screening services should also be done freely to attract more people to go for screening services.
The facility can implement these changes by training all the nursing staffs and physicians on cancer screening information so they can pass the information to all the people they interact with and attend.
*
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
One of the measurable outcomes that can be achieved with the implementation of cancer screening awareness is the early detection of different types of cancers like colorectal, breast, cervical, prostate, among others (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The second outcome is the education on prevention strategies that people could adopt to help prevent cancer by educating the people on some of the cancer risk factors (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The awareness can also help in acknowledging the existence of screening services in the healthcare facility.
Knowledge of the early signs associated among the public could also be achieved through awareness campaigns.
Overall Quality Improvement in Processes: Continuous quality improvement initiat ...
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
Student`s name
Institution
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
(A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts)
My research question is: Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?
I chose this topic because it represents one of the most important factors that influence a person’s beliefs and attitudes. Both variables have cognitive and behavioral aspects.
(B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts)
1. Who are the participants? They are a population of people who are 18 years and above living in a household in the United States. They are English and Spanish speakers and they have not moved out of the United States.
2. What population does the sample represent? It represents 50,000 households.
3. Who is funding the research? National science foundation
4. When was the data collected? It was collected in 2016
5. How was the data collected? It was obtained in face to face interviews and through computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
(C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV). ( /10 pts)
IV Variable name in SPSS: Stress
IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim): how often do you find work stressful?
IV Answer categories: “Always =1 “,” Often =2 “,Sometimes =-3”, “ Hardly ever = 4 “, and “Never = 5”.
IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
DV variable name in SPSS: jobs the
DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?”
DV Answer categories: “Very satisfied = 1”, “Moderately satisfied = 2” , “ A little dissatisfied= “, and “very dissatisfied = 5“.
DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
(D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts)
Stress
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
ALWAYS
96
10.3
10.3
10.3
OFTEN
207
22.2
22.2
32.5
SOMETIMES
467
50.1
50.1
82.6
HARDLY EVER
130
13.9
13.9
96.6
NEVER
32
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
932
100.0
100.0
According to the analysis from the frequency table above, it is clear that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. However, those who never find work stressful constitute the smallest percentage with only 3.4 %, while those who express the idea that they always find work stressful hold 10.3 %. This implies that there are many people who find work stressful than those who are always happy at work.
Job description
Job satisfaction
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Very satisfied
118
40.1
40.1
40.1
Moderately satisfied
134
45.6
45.6
85.7
A little dissatisfied
32
10.9
10.9
96.6
Very dissatisfied
10
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
294
100.0
100.0
Out of 294 respondents, 134 (45%) are moderately satisfied with their job. Those who express high job satisfaction constitute 40.1% of the total respondents, while those who indicated high jo.
Assignment 1 Research any case based on an illegally obtained c.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Research any case based on an illegally obtained confession
IRAC the case (as previously discussed)
Discuss the Constitutional arguments which arise in this case.
3 pages minimum in length
*Size 12 Times New Roman and double spaced.
.
Assignment 1 Requirements For your first assignment you a.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1 Requirements
For your first assignment you are required to summarize a recent article. Your article
summary should relate to the material covered in your textbook. In the back of your book,
there is a glossary of key terms that appear in the text. Your article summary should
correspond to key concepts discussed in chapters 1 through 9.
Here is what you need to do for this activity:
* Find an article in one of the resources listed on the syllabus (Wall Street Journal,
Business Week, Economist and American Banker) that relates to these chapters. It needs to
be a recent article (no older than November 2018).
* Summarize the article and list its association to specific chapter material or concepts in
your textbook. State the reason(s) for your selection.
* Provide a definition for the specific concept discussed in your selected article. For
example, if the article discusses securitization you should include its definition:
securitization is setting aside a group of income earning assets and issuing securities
against them in order to raise new funds.
* List some important points or lessons learned from this article.
* Provide a full copy of the article (links are not acceptable).
A sample article has been posted in the “Assignment 1 Dropbox” in the Assignments
area.
Article Title and Date of the Article
Why the ABA Got Hacked — and What It Means for Banks
American Banker October 2, 2015
Summary: The ABA (American Bankers Association) announced that its website had
been hacked, resulting in access to 6,400 users' email addresses and passwords. This is
the first breach ever for the ABA. Although it has been targeted in the past, this time
hackers got away with user passwords and IDs. The hackers targeted the shopping cart
with a likely motive of also accessing user credit card information. The hackers were able
to get away with email addresses and passwords to try and use them in other websites like
Amazon or airline sites. The ABA strongly recommends that if users use the same
passwords for other sites to change their passwords immediately. The true motives
behind the ABA breach may never be known. "We only hear about the really high-profile
cases," Hayes said. "Everybody is being breached and this is happening on a daily basis."
Association to specific chapter material and concepts
4.10 Banking in Homes, Offices, Stores, and on the Street
Chapter 4 covers the establishment of new banks, branches, ATMs, telephone services
and websites. Included in this chapter is a section on Internet Banking, the challenges in
providing Internet services and customer privacy and security considerations.
Concepts
Internet Banking – the offering of information and selected services through the
World Wide Web by banks and other financial service firms.
American Bankers Association – a trade group that represents financial institutions
of different charters and asset s.
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Here in this article, you will see the tips about the healthcare reporting management system. Read these top 8 tips to improve the Healthcare Reporting Management System.
Policy Brief: What Steps Are Countries Taking To Implement Pro-Poor Universal...HFG Project
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation, the Commission on Investing in Health made the case that pro-poor pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent.
Much has been written about what steps countries have taken and are currently taking to: (1) set and expand guaranteed services, (2) develop health financing systems to fund guaranteed services and ensure FP, (3) ensure high-quality service availability and delivery, (4) improve governance and management of the health sector, and (5) strengthen other aspects of health systems to move closer to UHC. As background for a meeting on UHC implementation, held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center, Italy, from 7–9 July 2015, we reviewed this body of literature, and conducted interviews with global UHC implementers and researchers. In this short policy brief, we synthesize the key messages from the literature and interviews.
Portfolio Summary: JSI's Work in Research, Monitoring, Evaluation & HISJSI
Learn about JSI's work in M&E, health information systems strengthening, and innovations in data and analytics from the past two years. We highlight examples from our global and US portfolios, including work on Innovations for MNCH, USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, SPRING, our bilateral projects in Ethiopia and Nigeria, and more.
Mahankali Week 15 - DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormWeek 15 –.docxcroysierkathey
Mahankali
Week 15 - Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Week 15 – Discussion
ERM at Learner Centered Teaching & Strategic Risk Management:
Learner Centered Teaching (LCT) is based on learning research that summons more active, inductive instruction. It is extremely interesting to see students strongly arguing for the most important step in an ERM process even when there may not actually be a hierarchy, Increased student engagement strengthened team-based skills, personalized student guidance, focused classroom discussion, and faculty freedom are several benefits of the growing LCT adoption.
Managing Financial Risk assessment is a major point that TL approach gives an example of the trade-offs, costs, and benefits of hedging with futures contracts often starting with a simple natural hedge. Here, the student records the respective payoffs to long and short positions when prices change. Students memorize the transactions and expect to replicate the steps with different numbers, and maybe even a different futures contract for a challenging TL course.
ERM is a business management support process for several years and proponents of ERM have been advocating incorporating the ERM process into strategic and business planning to increase its utility. The specific purpose is to reduce the impact of adverse events and be ready to exploit emerging opportunities and adapting the ERM process within the existing strategic and business planning methodology. Organizations that view the ERM process as supporting business strategies should consider positioning it where the primary goals are both to grow the business and to protect value: corporate planning and the business units can be utilized to incorporate ERM into the strategic and annual business planning process with three internal scan elements -
· Surveying the C-Suite on risk managements
· Effectiveness of risk controls & security audit
· Creating ERM Risk register
The surveys will enable a comparison between the current state of risk management activities and the corresponding risk control efforts and ERM risk register is a tool for organizing the identified risks and their internal owners.
References:
· Fraser, J., Simkins, B., & Narvaez, K. (2014). Implementing enterprise risk management: Case studies and best practices. John Wiley & Sons.
Bottom of Form
For the final paper in this course, you will find a case study on a healthcare organization that conducted a quality improvement (QI) project where they implemented a quality improvement process such as those found in Chapter 4 of the textbook including, but not limited to: Shewhart Cycle or PDCA/PDSA Cycle, API Improvement Model, Six Sigma, Baldridge Award, etc. Once you identify the case study, you will include the following sections in your paper listed below.
You are required to submit your selected case study for approval. Please check the course schedule for the due date.
· Introduction/Background
· Background information about the healthca ...
Running Head BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES .docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES 1
BELLEVUE HOSPITAL AND THE HEART HEALTH SERVICES 2
Bellevue Hospital And The Heart Health Services
Introduction of Bellevue hospital and the heart health service
Bellevue Hospital is the oldest public hospital in the USA and boasts having the most effective staff in line with the goals of the hospital in caregiving. Located at 462 First Avenue in the Kip bay of Manhattan in New York City. Currently, it serves an average of 460000 outpatients and has grown to be one of the most efficient hospitals in New York City. The heart health service is housed in the cardiology, and cardiothoracic surgery department which is world-renowned and the heart health program is among the few departments in the world and has a state of the art labs and have “our door to STEMI” produces better services beyond the average (Root, Schonfeld, Williams, & Poppers, 2017).
Mission, vision and strategic goal of the organisation
The mission of the hospital is to provide the highest quality of care to all the needy people in New York and all over the world with honesty, integrity, and with dignity even if the patient is not in a position to pay for the service that has been provided to them. The vision of the hospital is to be among the top ten hospitals in the country as far as the provision of quality service is concerned. Further, the hospital has a strategic goal of making the hospital the most popular in terms of compliance and service delivery so that all the people would work better at all time without any failure (Bellevue, 2016). Another strategic goal is improving communication so that the service delivery can be first, efficient and up to date.
The current state of the service using the marketing framework
The current state of the service is that it has invested in technology to serve the goals and ambitions of the hospital. It has incorporated technology to come up with the state of the art lab where people all over the country can be served. It is one of the hospitals where open-heart surgery is performed. Since the need of the hospital is to be the go-to place, it has ensured that the appropriate technology, leadership, and correct values to ensure that the correct virtues of the hospitals are maintained for better service delivery.
Stakeholders of the organization using the marketing framework
The Bellevue hospital has several stakeholders who interact in a very effective way to maintain the business in the hospital. The first stakeholders are the patients who pay for the services and the physicians who work around the clock to ensure that the patients always get what they pay for. The government is yet another stakeholder mainly mandated to monitor and ensure that the organization operates within the dictates of the law. Insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies all work together to ensure that the goals of the o ...
Analysis of drivers that cause restricted access to funding for smaller biotech companies.
A detailed reviewed of the steps
venture capitalists and companies are
taking — models such as fail-fast R&D, asset-centric funding and more.
Proposal of a model that
could radically change R&D by taking a
much more holistic approach to drug
development, sharing information to
learn in real time across the cycle of care
and fundamentally changing how risk
and reward are allocated.
Rethinking Value Based Healthcare
Around the world healthcare providers are busy exploring how value-based healthcare can both improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery and seed new opportunities for innovation. Continuing our collaboration with Denmark, we are very pleased to release a new perspective on how VBHC can have greater impact in practice. Based on insights from a recent event hosted by DTU Executive Business Education and undertaken in partnership with Rethink Value, this point of view looks at the key issues for patients, physicals, providers and payers.
It explores some of the associated implications for healthcare systems worldwide, highlights several leading early examples of VBHC in practice and looks at how it can have impact at scale. Recommendations focus on the structure of care, key metrics, moving beyond pilots, changes in reimbursement models and the need for greater insight sharing and deeper collaboration.
For related Future Agenda research see www.futureofpatientdata.org
Submission Id a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf0243 SIM.docxdavid4611
Submission Id: a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf02
43% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 12 GRAMMAR ISSUES
Int ernet Source 14%
Inst it ut ion 29%
Nanah Kamara
StatisticsInhealthcare (1).docx
Summary
838 Words
Healt h St at ist ics
Tit le: Healt h St at ist ics
Name: Nanah Kamara
Inst it ut e: GCU
Dat e: 06/09/2019
Describe t he applicat ion of st at ist ics in healt h care. Specifically discuss it s
significance t o qualit y, safet y, healt h promot ion, and leadership.
In healt hcare, we use st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt hcare and keep pat ient s
safe. Healt h St at ist ics provide informat ion for underst anding, monit oring, improving
and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he lives of people, provide services and
promot e t heir well-being. St at ist ics are used in healt hcare for research, qualit y
improvement , inequalit ies in healt hcare, risk analysis, invent ory management and cost ,
resource ut ilizat ion, pat ient lengt h of st ay, pat ient sat isfact ion, clinical t rials,
morbidit y and mort alit y, effect s of new t reat ment s, measuring change, laborat ory
analysis, educat ion, and much more.
We are using st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt hcare and keep pat ient s safe.
Healt h St at ist ics basically provide informat ion for underst anding, monit oring,
improving and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he lives of people, provide
services and promot e t heir well-being.
In healt h care, st at ist ics is used t o “ident ify pat ient care t rends using dat a, and
increase t he abilit y t o creat e and ut ilize evidence-based pract ice”. There are several
major uses of healt h st at ist ics. Healt h st at ist ics helps creat e fundament al knowledge
about t he healt h of populat ions; it provides informat ion t o guide healt h policy
Spelling mistake: Nanah Nanak
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 1…
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 1…
Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University 2…
development , assessment , and evaluat ion.
St at ist ics have been ut ilized in healt hcare since at least t he 19t h cent ury. Florence
Night ingale used a st at ist ical approach t o decrease t he mort alit y rat e of Brit ish
t roops in Crimea. She was an innovat or in t he collect ion, t abulat ion, int erpret at ion, and
graphical display of descript ive st at ist ics and her met iculous records were a key t o
present day st at ist ical qualit y measurement (Sheingold& Hahn, 2014). Clara Bart on
applied t he same analysis in t he Unit ed St at es during t he Civil War. Louis Past eur
applied st at ist ics in his research of microbes and t he germ t heory t o creat e penicillin.
This evidence led t o t he wide-scale adopt ion led t o t he development of
past eurizat ion.
Influenza Pandemic is t he worst out break of disease in U.S. hist ory (1918) and in.
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGEWALDEN U.docxaudeleypearl
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGE
WALDEN UNIVERSITY
JULY 28, 2019
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
My Facilityl is focused on providing quality healthcare to all patients regardless of their differences.
The facility is has a culture of embracing change as long as it helps in improving the patients’ health outcomes.
However, since our hospital is a community-based health service facility, there are some of things that need to be changed.
The healthcare facility offers cancer services including screening and management services. Screening is offered to the community occasionally when the facility organizes cancer awareness where they get more cancer professionals from other hospitals to help provide screening services to the people.
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
The problem facing the healthcare facility currently is the lack of cancer screening awareness among the community members and enough oncologists.
Cancer screening services require advanced technology and machines to ensure detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer is one of the top diseases causing high mortality rates around the world presently.
The federal and national government are the key stakeholders who need to provide the hospitals with funds for purchase of cancer screening machines and hiring of enough oncologists.
The risk involved with this change is the cancer screening costs which might not be affordable to all people.
Organization Description and Readiness for Change
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Increasing cancer screening awareness can be done in the community especially in various institution where many people come together.
Cancer screening awareness can also be increased by passing the information on importance of screening in social media and also for every patient that visits the hospital.
Cancer screening services should also be done freely to attract more people to go for screening services.
The facility can implement these changes by training all the nursing staffs and physicians on cancer screening information so they can pass the information to all the people they interact with and attend.
*
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
One of the measurable outcomes that can be achieved with the implementation of cancer screening awareness is the early detection of different types of cancers like colorectal, breast, cervical, prostate, among others (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The second outcome is the education on prevention strategies that people could adopt to help prevent cancer by educating the people on some of the cancer risk factors (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The awareness can also help in acknowledging the existence of screening services in the healthcare facility.
Knowledge of the early signs associated among the public could also be achieved through awareness campaigns.
Overall Quality Improvement in Processes: Continuous quality improvement initiat ...
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
Student`s name
Institution
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
(A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts)
My research question is: Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?
I chose this topic because it represents one of the most important factors that influence a person’s beliefs and attitudes. Both variables have cognitive and behavioral aspects.
(B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts)
1. Who are the participants? They are a population of people who are 18 years and above living in a household in the United States. They are English and Spanish speakers and they have not moved out of the United States.
2. What population does the sample represent? It represents 50,000 households.
3. Who is funding the research? National science foundation
4. When was the data collected? It was collected in 2016
5. How was the data collected? It was obtained in face to face interviews and through computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
(C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV). ( /10 pts)
IV Variable name in SPSS: Stress
IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim): how often do you find work stressful?
IV Answer categories: “Always =1 “,” Often =2 “,Sometimes =-3”, “ Hardly ever = 4 “, and “Never = 5”.
IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
DV variable name in SPSS: jobs the
DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?”
DV Answer categories: “Very satisfied = 1”, “Moderately satisfied = 2” , “ A little dissatisfied= “, and “very dissatisfied = 5“.
DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
(D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts)
Stress
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
ALWAYS
96
10.3
10.3
10.3
OFTEN
207
22.2
22.2
32.5
SOMETIMES
467
50.1
50.1
82.6
HARDLY EVER
130
13.9
13.9
96.6
NEVER
32
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
932
100.0
100.0
According to the analysis from the frequency table above, it is clear that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. However, those who never find work stressful constitute the smallest percentage with only 3.4 %, while those who express the idea that they always find work stressful hold 10.3 %. This implies that there are many people who find work stressful than those who are always happy at work.
Job description
Job satisfaction
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Very satisfied
118
40.1
40.1
40.1
Moderately satisfied
134
45.6
45.6
85.7
A little dissatisfied
32
10.9
10.9
96.6
Very dissatisfied
10
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
294
100.0
100.0
Out of 294 respondents, 134 (45%) are moderately satisfied with their job. Those who express high job satisfaction constitute 40.1% of the total respondents, while those who indicated high jo.
Assignment 1 Research any case based on an illegally obtained c.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Research any case based on an illegally obtained confession
IRAC the case (as previously discussed)
Discuss the Constitutional arguments which arise in this case.
3 pages minimum in length
*Size 12 Times New Roman and double spaced.
.
Assignment 1 Requirements For your first assignment you a.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1 Requirements
For your first assignment you are required to summarize a recent article. Your article
summary should relate to the material covered in your textbook. In the back of your book,
there is a glossary of key terms that appear in the text. Your article summary should
correspond to key concepts discussed in chapters 1 through 9.
Here is what you need to do for this activity:
* Find an article in one of the resources listed on the syllabus (Wall Street Journal,
Business Week, Economist and American Banker) that relates to these chapters. It needs to
be a recent article (no older than November 2018).
* Summarize the article and list its association to specific chapter material or concepts in
your textbook. State the reason(s) for your selection.
* Provide a definition for the specific concept discussed in your selected article. For
example, if the article discusses securitization you should include its definition:
securitization is setting aside a group of income earning assets and issuing securities
against them in order to raise new funds.
* List some important points or lessons learned from this article.
* Provide a full copy of the article (links are not acceptable).
A sample article has been posted in the “Assignment 1 Dropbox” in the Assignments
area.
Article Title and Date of the Article
Why the ABA Got Hacked — and What It Means for Banks
American Banker October 2, 2015
Summary: The ABA (American Bankers Association) announced that its website had
been hacked, resulting in access to 6,400 users' email addresses and passwords. This is
the first breach ever for the ABA. Although it has been targeted in the past, this time
hackers got away with user passwords and IDs. The hackers targeted the shopping cart
with a likely motive of also accessing user credit card information. The hackers were able
to get away with email addresses and passwords to try and use them in other websites like
Amazon or airline sites. The ABA strongly recommends that if users use the same
passwords for other sites to change their passwords immediately. The true motives
behind the ABA breach may never be known. "We only hear about the really high-profile
cases," Hayes said. "Everybody is being breached and this is happening on a daily basis."
Association to specific chapter material and concepts
4.10 Banking in Homes, Offices, Stores, and on the Street
Chapter 4 covers the establishment of new banks, branches, ATMs, telephone services
and websites. Included in this chapter is a section on Internet Banking, the challenges in
providing Internet services and customer privacy and security considerations.
Concepts
Internet Banking – the offering of information and selected services through the
World Wide Web by banks and other financial service firms.
American Bankers Association – a trade group that represents financial institutions
of different charters and asset s.
Assignment 1 Reflections on Race and RacializationThis assignme.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Reflections on Race and Racialization
This assignment asks you to produce
2 double-spaced pages
of writing in which you share your beliefs, experiences, questions, suggestions, and/or reactions to issues of issues of race and racialization covered thus far in the lectures, sections, readings, and videos. This write-up
must have a descriptive title
(a specific title that captures its contents), but otherwise can be presented however you like.
For example, it could be written as a reflection essay, a short autobiographical sketch, a journal entry, a social media post, a letter to a friend, or another style
so long as what you submit addresses the basic prompt
. It does not need to be formal and is not intended to take overly long to write. It is, however, intended to foster critical reflection on your part, and must be informed by ideas from the course. (It is fine to disagree with ideas presented in course lectures or readings; however, you should write about these ideas in a way which clarifies that you know what those course materials have stated, and that you are asserting a different opinion.) If you cite specific sources (not required), you should include citations following one of the major citational styles.
.
Assignment 1 Protecting the Environment Training in Environmenta.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Protecting the Environment: Training in Environmental Law in Indonesia
Due Week 9 and worth 130 points
Read the article titled “Lessons learned from the Indonesia Australia Specialised Training Project, Environmental Law and Enforcement”. This case study describes a 12-week “Environmental Law and Enforcement” workshop the International Development Law Organization (IDLO) held in Sydney, Australia for a group of 18 Indonesian, judges, prosecutors, environmental law enforcement officers, and environmental non-government organizations’ lawyers. Thoroughly review this case study and the challenges posed to global educators contained within this case study. Concentrate on the leadership skills that will be needed to create and maintain educational opportunities in this stricken community for students of all ages and for all subject areas.
Write a 4-6 page paper in which you:
1. Differentiate between global and multicultural education and how each was exemplified in this example.
2. Speculate on the salient manner in which the environmental law and enforcement workshop could possibly prepare its attendees to address the myriad of unique challenges that the Indonesian context might pose. Justify your response.
3. Hypothesize the extent to which instructional interventions would reduce future degradation of Indonesia’s environment. Provide justification for your hypothesis.
4. Prepare an argument that convinces government officials to educate local citizens and lawmakers each to prevent future damage to the environment and provide strategies for improving enforcement of environmental law. Provide support for your argument.
Your assignment must:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
.
Assignment 1: Project Proposal4
Assignment 1: Project Proposal
Mark McLeod
BUS419 – Project Estimating & Budgeting
Dr. Carlos J Febry
Date:4/19/19
Selected project
The selected project will involve the development of an information system for the general management of the Mundi Hospital. The main aim of the system will be to establish the desired efficiency, manage human resources, manage patient’s records with ease as well as automate finance department of the Hospital. By implementing the proposed project, the hospital will have aligned the operations of the hospital towards achieving the set goals and objectives.
Project goals and objectives
One of the goals of the proposed information system will be reducing the wait time from hours to forty-five minutes upon signing into the hospital. The goal will be achieved through with the help of the following objectives:
· Faster determination of patient’s requirements
· Easier scheduling of patients appointments
· The system does the faster appointment schedule
The second goal of the system will be facilitating easier financial management. The goal will be achieved through the following objective
· To establish faster payments for the services offered
· Faster generation of financial reports trends
· Easier tracking of transaction made by the hospital
The last goal that Mundui Hospital wishes to achieve through the system is the efficient management of human resources. The goal will be achieved through the fowling objectives
· Monitoring of employees performance
· Manage employees affairs such as promotions and salaries
Key project customers and stakeholders
Project stakeholders involve all the parties that will be impacted by the new system during the development and implementation of the project. The critical project customers for the Mundui hospital Information will be the patients as well as the hospital staff. The system will help hospital staff to manage to perform their duties within the stipulated time frame thus reducing the wait time for the patients. Patients will also rely on the system to determine their wait time to see a doctor or time taken to receive any service needed within Mundi Hospital. The hospital management is a sponsor of the project and thus expects that the proposed information system will be developed within the stipulated time as well as the allocated budget. Any deviation from the proposed requirements will be an unwelcome move to the project sponsor. Deviation from the original plan would imply an increased cost of the project or unwanted delays.
The hospital wishes to attract more customers who are cautious of what to expect before making their final decisions regarding healthcare services. The system will help the hospital eliminate the problem of unwanted delays resulting from the manual operation of patients records as well handling of wait time for the patients. The project hopes to receive more support from other investors if the proof of the.
Assignment 1 Project Proposal Initiating & PlanningNote This .docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Project Proposal: Initiating & Planning
Note: This is the first of three assignments which, as a whole, will cover all aspects of the project life cycle relevant to your selected project.
You have been selected to be the Project Manager (for a project of your choice). The project that you decide to use should meet the key criteria of a project, such as (a) having a beginning and an end; (b) results in something being delivered to someone; (c) requires a series of activities that must be done to complete the project; and (d) requires resources (e.g., people, materials) to complete the work. The project must be one of a professional nature and must last for at least twelve months. NOTE: You are prohibited from using projects that can be found on the Internet, including projects found in places like CourseHero. All project submissions are submitted to Safe Assign for review.
Write a two to three page paper, in which you define the scope of your chosen project. In your paper you must:
1. Provide a brief summary of your chosen project.
2. Describe at least three (3) project goals and three (3) project objectives.
3. Identify the key customer(s) and at least two (2) stakeholders for your project. Remember, you are delivering the project to your customer(s); however, there are others (stakeholders) who have a vested interest in your project.
4. Describe at least three (3) key milestones and /or deliverables for your project.
5. Describe a high-level timeline that includes key tasks and deadlines.
6. Estimate the project’s overall cost and any key staffing and non-staffing resources needed.
7. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Evaluate corporate strategy and the project life cycle phases to define the project and initiate a project plan.
Points: 150
Assignment 1: Project Proposal: Initiating & Planning
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 70% F
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Provide a brief summary of your chosen project.
Weight: 10%
Did not submit or incompletely provided a brief summary of your chosen project.
Insufficiently provided a brief summary of your chosen project.
Satisfactorily provided a brief summary of your chosen project.
Thoroughly provided a brief summary of your chosen project.
2. Describe at least three (3) project goals and three (3) project objectives.
Weight: 20%
Did not submit or incompletely described at least three (3) project goals and three (3) pr.
Assignment 1 Procedural Law and the Bill of RightsDue Week .docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Procedural Law and the Bill of Rights
Due Week 4 and worth 150 points
The Bill of Rights finds its roots in documents such as the British Magna Carta of 1215 AD. It was one of the first documents that provided the common man independence from a monarch. It did imply that the federal government's law dominated all others; however, it gave each state control of any laws outside of those reserved to the federal government. The Bill of Rights acts as a blueprint that every individual state uses to protect the rights of individual citizens. In this assignment, you will utilize the various concepts found in the Bill of Rights to provide the foundation of the various sections of the assignment.
Write a 4- to 6-page paper in which you:
Compare and contrast two of the sources of the rights and fundamental principles found in the United States' legal system as outlined by the text.
Critically analyze and discuss three steps of the criminal justice process from arrest to imprisonment.
Identify and discuss the particular amendment related to arrest, search, and seizures.
Compare and contrast the concepts of probable cause and reasonable suspicion. In your own words, explain how they are similar or different.
Examine and discuss the two examples in which the exclusionary rule may not apply.
Identify and discuss one contemporary issue or case law related to the use of force from within the last three years.
Use at least four quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.
.
Assignment 1 Privatizing the U.S. Money SupplyWould it be possibl.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Privatizing the U.S. Money Supply
Would it be possible to privatize the money supply in the United States completely? In doing so, what would be the primary obstacle to overcome in implementing such a policy?
By
Thursday, February 1, 2013
, post your initial discussion response in the M4: Assignment 1 Discussion Area. By
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
,
Assignment 2: The Multiplier Effect
Go to “
FRB: Press Release—FOMC statement—December 16, 2009
.”
You should now find a press release from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, dated December 16, 2009, which discusses the decisions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) for that date.
This release also states that the Federal Reserve is in the process of purchasing $1.25 trillion of agency mortgage-backed securities and about $175 billion of agency debt. Additionally, the release states that the FOMC has decided to gradually reduce “the pace” of such Fed purchases. Discuss why you believe that the FOMC has made such a decision, and explain the consequences of such a decision on the economy.
In your answer, discuss the Federal Reserve’s use of open-market operations to influence the money supply and the respective consequences of such actions. Include a discussion of the money multiplier effect in your response. Justify your conclusions and provide appropriate examples.
Using Microsoft Word, submit your responses in the form of a short paper ( 2 pages).
By
Monday, February 4, 2013
I.
How does open market operation (OMO) affect economic activity:
OMO refers to the
sale /purchase of securities
(government) by the
FED
to other banks, institutional buyers and financial institutions in order to influence the total money circulating in the system. Ina recession when the govt wants consumers to spend more it purchases these securities. This releases more funds into the coffers of these institutions, which allows them to use these to extend more credit and raise consumption and investments. the opposite happens in a boom period. When the government wants to reduce spending and arrest rising prices it takes away funds by offering to sell its own securities. Financial institutions buys these and reduce the amount left with them for credit purposes. Since the FOMC is the
policy making branch
of the FED it is responsible for any decisions on sale/purchase of securities as well as the price at which these transactions happen. The article is a part of that decision making. It outlines the decisions taken and elucidates the reasons behind the former. Therefore the influence on the economy of OMO is via changes in
money supply
.
II.
reasons for the FOMC decision
recent data has been encouraging on a front of fronts, which signalled a recovery from the
financial meltdown
of 2009. But this recovery was slow compared to most recoveries from previous recessions. Signs of a
recovery
include:
·
In the residential real estate sector, home sales and construction .
Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Due Week 2 and worth 75 points Th.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Predictive Policing Due Week 2 and worth 75 points The following resources may be helpful in completing this assignment:
Goode, E. (2011, August 15). Sending the police before there’s a crime. Retrievable
here
.
Pearsall, B. (2010, May). Predictive policing: The future of law enforcement? National Institute of Justice Journal, 266. Retrievable
here
.
Predictive Policing Symposium (2010). Retrievable
here
.
Shurkin, J. N. (2011, September 13). Santa Cruz cops experiment with ‘predictive policing’. Retrievable
here
.
Willis, J. J., Mastrofski, S. D., & Weisburd, D. (2003). Compstat in practice: An in-depth analysis of three cities. Police Foundation. Retrievable
here
.
In 1994, the New York City Police Department adopted a law enforcement crime fighting strategy known as COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics). COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify “ hotspots”, and map problem areas. COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historical crime data. Mathematicians have designed and developed algorithms that run against the historical data to predict future crimes for police departments. This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile thefts, and other crimes in some cities. Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets.
Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions:
Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster.
Apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement predictive policing.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. You may use the resources above or others of your choosing.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain how the components of an information technology system interrelate in an organizational context.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems and technology.
Write clearly and concisely about topics related to.
Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Due Week 2 and worth 75 points .docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Predictive Policing Due Week 2 and worth 75 points The following resources may be helpful in completing this assignment:
Goode, E. (2011, August 15). Sending the police before there’s a crime. Retrievable
here
.
Pearsall, B. (2010, May). Predictive policing: The future of law enforcement? National Institute of Justice Journal, 266. Retrievable
here
.
Predictive Policing Symposium (2010). Retrievable
here
.
Shurkin, J. N. (2011, September 13). Santa Cruz cops experiment with ‘predictive policing’. Retrievable
here
.
Willis, J. J., Mastrofski, S. D., & Weisburd, D. (2003). Compstat in practice: An in-depth analysis of three cities. Police Foundation. Retrievable
here
.
In 1994, the New York City Police Department adopted a law enforcement crime fighting strategy known as COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics). COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify “ hotspots”, and map problem areas. COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historical crime data. Mathematicians have designed and developed algorithms that run against the historical data to predict future crimes for police departments. This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile thefts, and other crimes in some cities. Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets.
Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions:
Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster.
Apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement predictive policing.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. You may use the resources above or others of your choosing.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain how the components of an information technology system interrelate in an organizational context.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems and technology.
Write clearly and concisely about topics related to.
Assignment 1 Portfolio ManagementWrite a five to seven (5-7) pa.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Portfolio Management
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
1. Analyze the relationship between risk and rate of return, and suggest how you would formulate a portfolio that will minimize risk and maximize rate of return.
2. Formulate an argument for investment diversification in an investor portfolio.
3. Address how stocks, bonds, real estate, metals, and global funds may be used in a diversified portfolio. Provide evidence in support of your argument.
4. Evaluate the concept of the efficient frontier and how you will use it to determine an asset portfolio for a specified investor.
5. Consider the economic outlook for the next year in order to recommend the ideal portfolio to maximize the rate of return for the short term and long term. Explain the key differences between the short and long term.
6. Use four (4) external resources to support your work. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Evaluate portfolio performance and develop recommendations to improve a firm’s investment performance.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in corporate investment analysis.
· Write clearly and concisely about corporate investment analysis using proper writing mechanics.
.
Assignment 1 Political Belief ProfileThe relationship between pub.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Political Belief Profile
The relationship between public opinion and political participation raises many questions associated with how the public thinks, why they behave in the manner they do, and what outcomes in the form of ideological expressions will probably take place because of citizens’ behavior in the political scenario. Essentially, “who, what, and where” issues again surface in response to evaluation of political socialization.
Political socialization may be expressed in a singular way, depending on the issue of concern, but it is not derived from any single impact throughout the life of American voters and nonvoters. Qualities and conditions such as gender, race, economic status, education, and religion impact voter behaviors. Indeed, whether or not an individual votes, or takes part in any of the varied available options for participation, is closely allied with the political socialization of individuals and even entire socioeconomic groups.
The Political Compass Web site (
http://www.politicalcompass.org
) offers a self-test that helps you analyze your personal political views on what the test authors call a “left–right” scale. Take the test and review your results to see where you stand on the economic scale and the social scale. Discuss the results using the following questions:
Did your “test result” match what you thought were your political beliefs?
What is “politically correct” thinking? Give examples of what might be considered “politically correct” and “politically incorrect.”
To what degree do you think your values and beliefs represent the norms, values, and traditions of society? Define your answer using the following Likert scale—extremely common, common, moderately common, uncommon, and extremely uncommon.
Write your response in 150–200 words.
By
Saturday, May 31, 2014
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, June 4, 2014
, review and comment on at least three peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 1 Pitfalls in Interviewing VictimsIn the assessment .docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Pitfalls in Interviewing Victims
In the assessment of victims, pay special consideration to issues that may affect the ways in which the victims may react to your interventions. You need to do your homework and be aware of issues of possible relevance to the particular person or families you will be interviewing, whether you are:
Interviewing a victim as part of a psychological evaluation for the court
Working with law enforcement and need information to help in the prosecution of a crime
Working as a consultant to an attorney who is defending a person with a history of trauma
Some of the factors possibly influencing people's reactions to their traumatic experiences and their receptivity to certain manners of interviewing include:
Age, gender, and sexual orientation
Religious or spiritual beliefs and background
Cultural or ethnic background
Education and intellectual functioning
Physical illnesses
Language proficiency
Tasks:
Select two of the factors listed above and explain in detail how they may affect your approach in interviewing and assessing a victim. Support your responses using examples and references from your textbook and other resources, such as websites. Include the references at the end of your posting.
All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Submission Details:
By the due date assigned,
post your responses to this
Discussion Area
.
Through the end of the module,
respond to at least two of your classmates' posts. While responding, compare the similarities and differences between what you have constructed and what your classmates have.
Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Quality of initial posting, including fulfillment of assignment instructions 16 Quality of responses to classmates 12 Frequency of responses to classmates 4 Reference to supporting readings and other materials 4 Language and grammar 4
Total:
40
.
Assignment 1 Pediatric ADHD EducationOverviewYou are meetin.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Pediatric ADHD Education
Overview
You are meeting with the parents of a child being evaluated for ADHD. For this assignment briefly address the following questions.
What information would you provide to educate parents/caretakers regarding etiology and symptoms of ADHD?
What treatment options would you discuss with the parents/caretakers?
What information/resources would you use to discuss this diagnosis?
Your assignment should be in APA format with evidence-based references to support your statements.
NOTE: Attached, you will find a copy of a classmate assignment example, and you may use its content and data as a reference to complete my assignment. TURNITIN Assignment (No plagiarism)
Background: I live in South Florida, I am currently enrolled in the Psych Mental Health Practitioner Program, I am a Registered Nurse, I work in a Psychiatric Hospital.
.
Assignment 1 Organizing HR ProjectsIn order to effect a more ce.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Organizing HR Projects
In order to effect a more centralized model of delivering Human Resources services, there are core project functions that must be undertaken to ensure success as well as ascertaining that all parties are motivated to working with the new model. Establishing a new project team requires orientation to the overall goals and objectives in a bid to ensure that every team member is well aware of both intermediate and final goals. This will act as a guidance to the team making processes and functions easier. On the other hand, successful implementation requires strategic planning which is about allocation of resources, planning, and scheduling in a manner that optimizes the available resources and performing within the budget and the timeline (Neluheni, Pretorius & Ukpere, 2014). In this respect, it is the duty of the project manager or leader to guide and oversee the various processes and activities in a bid to ensure that the desired goals and objectives are being achieved.
The Statement of Overall Importance
When implementing the project, the overall steps of strategic planning are important to start, progress, and finish of the project. There are distinct steps such as vision where the overall goals and desired outcomes are communicated to the parties involved in the accomplishment of the task. Other steps such as planning also highlights the importance of laying down the strategy for attaining various tasks where resources are allocated optimally in a manner that avoids wastage. As a project leader, it is highly important that strategic planning is undertaken. In the field of project management, studies have shown that failure to effectively plan is one of the major contributors to failure especially when it comes to performing within the deadline and budget (Kerzner, 2013). A project manager must be able to put in place a plan that has goals and objectives that must be communicated to the concerned parties such as the team members. Actually, it is deemed best practice when a leader involves other parties such as team members in formulating a plan which improves the diversity of the decisions made.
The steps provided in the texts is highly important to the project. It is imperative to note that project management is nowadays strategic meaning that it must align with overall strategic direction of the organization. Majority of organizations are currently funding projects that are seen to have a direct influence on the strategic direction of the organization. For instance, in this case, it can be seen that the goal is to ensure easier and more efficient management of human resources which have become a strategic tool as opposed to a supporting function it has been over the previous decades. In essence, the strategic planning process will help outline goals, communicate the plans, and strategize on how various tasks and processes will be accomplished in line with desired goals.
Vision and Mission Statements
.
Assignment 1 more informationAssignment 1 More about the.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: more information
Assignment 1: More about the task
Task
From the Unit Information: “The design of environmental studies is without exception a compromise between
cost and information. This translates almost directly into a balance between Type I and Type II errors. Define
Type I and Type II errors, as the relate to environmental studies, and discuss the differing importance and
implications of these two kinds of problems. Use examples of different kinds of monitoring situations (i.e.
objectives) in your essay.
Assessment criteria
Definition: 20% of mark
Assessed on the basis of:
· the clarity of the definition,
· the completeness of the definition, and
· the accuracy of the definition.
Discussion of Type I & II errors: 40% for each type
Assessed on the basis of:
· the range of examples used,
· the validity of the examples used,
· the way in which the examples are used to display how the effects of the errors vary in different
circumstances, and
· the way in which the examples are used to display how the significance of the errors varies in dif-
ferent circumstances.
More about the first part of the essay: the definition
The Study Guide, tapes and readings actually discuss the nature of Type I and II errors in some depth. In
this part of the essay I am asking you to translate this discussion into your own words and, by doing this,
convince me that you really understand the nature of these errors and how they arise. The three assessment
criteria for this part of the essay focus on what I think is crucial here.
· The clarity of your definition. Can I easily understand what you have written and what you mean?
You usually need to understand something fairly well to be able to explain it clearly.
· The completeness of your definition. Does your definition, and discussion, cover all the important
issues? It is important here not to go “overboard”. For instance (and I’ll give you this tip for free),
one issue that is relevant to Type II errors is power. But, while it is appropriate to consider power,
an extended discussion of what affects power is not.
· The accuracy of your definition. Simply, is what you have written correct? It would, for instance, not
be correct to state that the chance of a Type I error was influenced by the cost of the instruments
used to collect the data!
I’ve said this before but it is important enough to be worth repeating: this section of the essay is worth only
20% so 20 marks is the most you can get, regardless of how good your definition is. Submitting a five page
essay, with four pages devoted to the definition, is not likely to be a successful strategy!
More about the second part of the essay: the examples
This is the main part of the essay. In the past, I’ve been hesitant to provide examples because I didn’t want
to steer people’s thinking in particular directions. This year I’ve decided to include an example (although a
very silly one) to give you a bit more guidance.
Assignment 1: more.
Assignment 1 Monitoring Our Home PlanetThe Internet is a powerful.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Monitoring Our Home Planet
The Internet is a powerful tool that provides the ability to monitor natural phenomena and disasters that happen all over planet Earth.
In this assignment, you will research resources available on the Internet for monitoring natural phenomena including earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, global climate, and weather.
Based on your research, do the following:
Identify a minimum of three different natural phenomena that are typically responsible for natural disasters. Analyze the potential impact of these disasters.
Analyze how these phenomenon are monitored, or not, via the Internet. Critique available Web sites, which publicly display up-to-date monitored information related to each of the natural phenomena you have identified. Focus on the following aspects:
Geography
What parts of the world are potentially affected by these phenomena? Specifically identify the countries.
Resources
What kinds of resources are allocated toward monitoring these phenomena and why?
What types of Web resources monitor the phenomena and provide up-to-date information about them?
What kinds of technology are involved in monitoring the phenomena?
Politics
What political ramifications would this disaster-preparedness technology cause between more-developed countries and less-developed countries?
What kinds of issues could this technology cause between less-developed countries?
Economics
How would this technology directly impact the economies of those countries that have the technology versus those countries that do not?
Do you predict any indirect impacts? What current evidence supports your position?
Disaster Preparedness
What types of systems are in place in terms of disaster preparedness related to these monitored phenomena?
Summarize your findings. Evaluate how this technology will impact the future of humanity, both positively and negatively. Be sure to consider the political and economic issues discussed in your future predictions.
Support your statements with examples. Use a minimum of six reliable references, two of which should be peer-reviewed articles.
Write a 7–8-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M5_A1.doc.
By
Wednesday, August 14, 2013
, deliver your assignment to the
M5: Assignment 1 Dropbox
.
Grading Criteria and Rubric
Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identify a minimum of three different naturally occurring phenomena that are typically responsible for natural disasters and analyze the potential impact of the disaster.
104
Analyze ways different Web sites monitor phenomena by critiquing available Web resources. Analysis should include topics such as geography, resources, political/economic issues, and disaster preparedness.
104
Summarize and discuss future projections on humanity regarding the use of technology. Include research on political and economic issues.
28
Writing Components:
Organization (1.
Assignment 1 Models for Competitive DynamicsDue Week 2 and wort.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Models for Competitive Dynamics
Due Week 2 and worth 105 points
Competition has, since the 90s, led to wider gaps between industry leaders and laggards. There are more “winner-take-all” environments and greater churns among industry sector rivals. We have witnessed sharp increases in quality and quantity of IT (Information Technology) investments. We’ve seen striking competitive dynamics, particularly in sectors that spend the most on IT. Some of the competitive dynamics models include the Destroy Your Business (DYB) strategy, the Grow Your Business (GYB) strategy, the Information Systems (IS) and strategic advantage, and the social business strategy.
Write a four to five page paper in which you:
1. Compare and contrast the DYB and GYB strategies in terms of the ability to sustain a business in the marketplace over the long term, to be competitive against rivals, and profitability.
2. Examine the “cannibalization” strategy and determine if it is or is not a better strategy compared to the DYB strategy for growth, competitiveness, and market leadership. Provide two business examples.
3. Determine whether or not changes in business strategy should entail reassessment of IS. Provide three reasons to support your position.
4. Examine how firms can use social IT in alignment with organizational strategy and IS strategy. Consider collaborative capabilities; and what, how, and who should use social IT for a social business strategy.
5. Use at three quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Demonstrate an understanding of the integration of enterprise systems with inter-organizational partners.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in enterprise architecture.
· Write clearly and concisely about enterprise architecture topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Strategic Plan
Strategic Plan Assignment
The ability to think strategically and make choices based on solid analysis and evaluation, in order to capitalize on achieving optimal results when applying limited resources of the firm, are at the core of this strategic initiative plan. Stra.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Assignment 1 Portfolio Management Due Week 4 and worth 200 poin.docx
1. Assignment 1: Portfolio Management
Due Week 4 and worth 200 points
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
1. Analyze the relationship between risk and rate of return, and
suggest how you would formulate a portfolio that will minimize
risk and maximize rate of return.
2. Formulate an argument for investment diversification in an
investor portfolio.
3. Address how stocks, bonds, real estate, metals, and global
funds may be used in a diversified portfolio. Provide evidence
in support of your argument.
4. Evaluate the concept of the efficient frontier and how you
will use it to determine an asset portfolio for a specified
investor.
5. Consider the economic outlook for the next year in order to
recommend the ideal portfolio to maximize the rate of return for
the short term and long term. Explain the key differences
between the short and long term.
6. Use four (4) external resources to support your work. Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic
resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your
professor for any additional instructions.
•Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
3. reproduced for commercial, for-profit use in
any form or by any means, or republished under any
circumstances, without the written permission
of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement.
How to cite this paper:
StiefelM,NolanK.A Guide to Measuring the Triple Aim:
Population Health, Experience of Care,
and Per Capita
Cost.IHIInnovationSerieswhitepaper.Cambridge,Massachusetts:I
nstitutefor
HealthcareImprovement;2012.(Availableonwww.IHI.org)
Acknowledgements:
Wehavemanypeopletothankfortheircontributionstothiswork,inclu
dingthefollowing:
• Sites from around the world involved in IHI’s Triple Aim
prototyping initiative, who generously
shared their work and learning;
• The IHI Triple Aim team and faculty, who provided expert
knowledge; and
• Carol Beasley, Frank Davidoff, Don Goldmann, Tom Nolan,
and John Whittington, for their
insightful reviews of and comments on the white paper.
WewouldalsoliketothankJaneRoessnerandValWeberfortheirsupp
ortindevelopingandediting
thiswhitepaper.
Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 20 University Road, 7th
Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138
Telephone (617) 301-4800, or visit our website at www.IHI.org.
4. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) is a leading
innovator in health and health care
improvement worldwide. For more than 25 years, we have
partnered with a growing community
of visionaries, leaders, and front-line practitioners around the
globe to spark bold, inventive ways
to improve the health of individuals and populations. Together,
we build the will for change, seek
out innovative models of care, and spread proven best practices.
To advance our mission, IHI is
dedicated to optimizing health care delivery systems, driving
the Triple Aim for populations,
realizing person- and family-centered care, and building
improvement capability.
We have developed IHI’s Innovation Series white papers as one
means for advancing our
mission. The ideas and findings in these white papers represent
innovative work by IHI and
organizations with whom we collaborate. Our white papers are
designed to share the problems
IHI is working to address, the ideas we are developing and
testing to help organizations make
breakthrough improvements, and early results where they exist.
www.IHI.org
http://www.IHI.org
AGuidetoMeasuring
theTripleAim:
PopulationHealth,ExperienceofCare,
andPerCapitaCost
InnovationSeries2012
7. Introduction
In 2008 Don Berwick, Tom Nolan, and John Whittington first
described the Triple Aim of
simultaneously improving population health, improving the
patient experience of care, and
reducing per capita cost.1 The Institute for Healthcare
Improvement (IHI) developed the Triple Aim
as a statement of purpose for fundamentally new health systems
that contribute to the overall health
of populations while reducing costs. It has since become the
organizing framework for the National
Quality Strategy of the US Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) and for strategies of
other public and private health organizations such as the
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
(CMS), Premier, and The Commonwealth Fund.
Because no single sector alone has the capability to successfully
pursue improving the health of a
population, the Triple Aim explicitly requires health care
organizations, public health departments,
social service entities, schools systems, and employers to
cooperate. Fostering this cooperation requires
an integrator that accepts responsibility for achieving the Triple
Aim for the population. Whether the
integrator is a new or existing structure or organization, some
entity is needed to pull together the
resources to support the pursuit of the Triple Aim. Once the
integrator creates an appropriate
governance structure, the integrator then needs to lead the
establishment of a clear purpose for the
pursuit of the Triple Aim, identification of a portfolio of
projects and investments to support that
pursuit, and creation of a cogent set of high-level measures to
monitor progress. The set of measures
9. While a discussion of general measurement principles is beyond
the scope of this paper, the principles
used by the National Quality Forum for evaluation of quality
measures are worth noting and apply
equally well to Triple Aim measurement: importance, scientific
acceptability, usability, and feasibil-
ity.2 In addition, Billheimer3 and Pestronk4 provide other
useful considerations for development of
measures applicable to the Triple Aim (see Appendix A).
Key measurement principles that apply to the Triple Aim are
described below.
• The need for a defined population
The frame for the Triple Aim is a population, and the measures,
especially for population health
and per capita cost, require a population denominator. In a
paper commissioned by the National
Quality Forum Population Health Steering Committee, Jacobson
and Teutsch make a useful
distinction between total population and sub-populations.5 The
total population refers to all
the residents of a geopolitical area, within which a variety of
sub-populations can be defined.
Sub-populations can be defined in a variety of ways, including
by income, race/ethnicity, disease
burden, or those served by a particular health system or in a
particular workforce. By definition,
the total population of a geopolitical area is the union of sub-
populations within it. Populations
served by a Triple Aim initiative might be either a total
population or a sub-population defined
in this way; in either case, it is essential to specify the
population.
• The need for data over time
11. Dimension of the
IHI Triple Aim
Outcome Measures
Population Health Health Outcomes:
• Mortality: Years of potential life lost; life expectancy;
standardized mortality
ratio
• Health and Functional Status: Single-question assessment
(e.g., from CDC
HRQOL-4) or multi-domain assessment (e.g., VR-12, PROMIS
Global-10)
• Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE): Combines life expectancy
and health status
into a single measure, reflecting remaining years of life in good
health
Disease Burden:
Incidence (yearly rate of onset, average age of onset) and/or
prevalence of
major chronic conditions
Behavioral and Physiological Factors:
• Behavioral factors include smoking, alcohol consumption,
physical activity,
and diet
• Physiological factors include blood pressure, body mass index
(BMI),
cholesterol, and blood glucose
12. (Possible measure: A composite health risk assessment [HRA]
score)
Experience of Care Standard questions from patient surveys, for
example:
• Global questions from Consumer Assessment of Healthcare
Providers and
Systems (CAHPS) or How’s Your Health surveys
• Likelihood to recommend
Set of measures based on key dimensions (e.g., Institute of
Medicine’s
six aims for improvement: safe, effective, timely, efficient,
equitable, and
patient-centered)
Per Capita Cost Total cost per member of the population per
month
Hospital and emergency department (ED) utilization rate and/or
cost
This menu of measures is based on a combination of the
analytic frameworks presented in the next
section and the practical experiences of organizations
participating in the IHI Triple Aim prototyping
initiative. The menu is intended to provide guidance to
organizations seeking to measure the Triple
Aim. Selection of measures will depend in part on data
availability, resource constraints, and overall
objectives.
• The health outcomes of mortality, health and functional
status, and their combination —
healthy life expectancy — are ultimate outcome measures for
15. complete description of the model
components and relationships is provided in Appendix C.
Selection of measures will depend on the measurement
capabilities of a particular Triple Aim site,
although moving rightward in the model is the direction toward
health outcomes that are more
meaningful to people. The measures of health outcomes in the
menu include mortality measures;
health and functional status; and a combination of the two,
healthy life expectancy (HLE). Mortality
measures include years of potential life lost (YPLL), life
expectancy, and standardized mortality ratio.
There are many measures of health and functional status from
which to choose; the menu lists three
of the most common.
Physical
Environment
Medical
Care
Socioeconomic
Factors
Mortality
Health and
18. downstream health outcomes.
The County Health Rankings, part of the Mobilizing Action
Toward Community Health
collaboration between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and
the University of Wisconsin
Population Health Institute, provide a set of population health
measures at the county level for
all counties in the US.9 The rankings include measures in most
of the broad categories shown in
Figure 1. However, since many of the sources are county-wide
or based on relatively small random
samples, it is difficult to apply the measures to sub-populations
that are not at the county level.
The contributions of the health care delivery system shown in
Figure 1 — prevention and health
promotion, and medical care — while important determinants of
health, are discussed further below
as part of the frameworks for the experience of care and per
capita cost dimensions of the Triple Aim,
and illustrate the interrelationships among the three dimensions
of the Triple Aim.
A Framework for Measuring Experience of Care
The overall experience of care is best assessed by the patients
who receive the care. The measurement
menu in Table 1 includes some examples from patient surveys.
The Consumer Assessment of
Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) family of surveys,
sponsored by the US Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), includes a global
question on the overall experience of
health care: “Using any number from 0 to 10, where 0 is the
worst health care possible and 10 is
20. Figure 2. A thorough discussion of specific measures for each
of these drivers is beyond the scope of
this paper.
Figure 2. Drivers of Excellent Experience of Care Based on
IOM Six Aims for Improvement
A Framework for Measuring Per Capita Cost of Health Care
Conceptually, per capita cost measurement is more
straightforward than measurement of population
health and experience of care because cost measurement
involves common monetary units that can
be easily aggregated or disaggregated. In practice, however,
cost measurement is complicated by a
number of factors. Per capita cost, like population health,
requires a population denominator for
measurement, but separation of health care delivery and
financing in most of the US often makes it
difficult to identify the population served by the delivery
system. In addition, it is not clear which
costs to include, and from whose perspective.
8
Safe Specific Measures
Specific Measures
Specific Measures
Specific Measures
Specific Measures
22. an opportunity for them to act as an integrator of information
about costs (Figure 3, center). The
different lenses assist in understanding the costs being
measured.
Figure 3. A Framework for Measuring Per Capita Cost
For providers, costs can be disaggregated into various types of
health care, as shown in Figure 3.
It is also useful to further disaggregate provider costs into
volume and unit cost (e.g., hospital
days and cost per day), to better understand sources of variation
and change. As shown in the
measurement menu in Table 1, Triple Aim sites that do not have
access to the full range of cost
data (i.e., total cost per member of the population per month)
may choose to start with hospital
and emergency department (ED) costs, which account for a
substantial percentage of costs in most
health systems. Data for hospital and ED costs, though, as well
as other provider costs, are often
obtained from claims data plus consumer out-of-pocket
payments; they are not the actual cost of
“production” of care.
Public/Private Insurance
Premiums
Health Plan
Costs
23. Inpatient
Volume x Unit Cost
Outpatient Facility
Volume x Unit Cost
Emergency Dept.
Volume x Unit Cost
Primary Care
Volume x Unit Cost
Pharmacy
Volume x Unit Cost
Other Care
Volume x Unit Cost
Public/Private Payer
Self-Funding
Health Plan
26. looking at the appropriate allocation of broad, health-related
expenditures in a community. Finally,
employers are increasingly recognizing that the indirect costs of
poor health, including absenteeism
and productivity, may exceed direct health care expenditures
and need to be taken into account
when assessing the value of their health promotion and health
care programs. Since Triple Aim
sites typically focus on costs realized when individuals interact
with the health care system, data
for the measure “total cost per member of the population per
month” in the menu in Table 1 are
often obtained from claims data plus consumer out-of-pocket
payments. Regional Triple Aim
collaborations are beginning to use the broader frameworks for
cost that include public health and
indirect costs as well.
The Three Dimensions of the Triple Aim Together: A
Framework for Measuring Value
The three dimensions of the Triple Aim, taken together, provide
a useful framework for measuring
value in health care. Value can be conceptualized as the
optimization of the Triple Aim, recognizing
that different stakeholders may give different weights to the
three dimensions. Cost measurement
in isolation doesn’t have much utility; it needs to be combined
with measures of the other two
dimensions of the Triple Aim. The combination of per capita
cost and experience of care enables
measurement of efficiency. According to the AQA Alliance,
“Efficiency of care is a measure of the
relationship of the cost of care associated with a specific level
of performance measured with respect
to the other five IOM aims of quality.”13 Similarly, the
29. Health Outcomes:
Single-question self-
reported health status
Partnership with
Genesee Health Plan
(GHP) (Michigan)
Low-income, uninsured
members of GHP
Member enrollment and
annual re-enrollment survey
Health Outcomes:
Health/functional
status, and risk status
Kaiser Permanente
(California)
Kaiser Permanente
members
“Total Health Assessments”:
Self-assessments completed
by members
Disease Burden:
Percent with diabetes
(prevalence)
CareOregon (Oregon) Health plan members Electronic health
record
(EHR)
30. Disease Burden:
Percent of new cases
of diabetes (incidence)
Chinle Service Unit,
Indian Health Service
(Arizona)
Beneficiaries of the Indian
Health Service
Data automatically input into
health information system
from the EHR
Physiological
Factor:
Percent elevated
blood pressure (BP)
Martin’s Point Health
Care (Maine)
Active paneled patients at
Martin’s Point Health Care
centers
EHR data collected during
a patient’s last office visit
BP or last validated home
BP, average reported
through Martin’s Point data
warehouse
Behavioral and
Physiological
32. 13
Tips for Measuring Population Health
Data Sources
• Sources of data on deaths used by sites in the IHI Triple Aim
prototyping initiative include
hospitals within an integrated system, affiliated health plans,
Social Security Administration,14
state-specific vital statistics, and local health departments.
• To measure self-reported health status, some sites in the
Triple Aim prototyping initiative
included the single question (or short set of questions) in a
health risk assessment, existing care
experience survey, or after-visit survey; some used the single
question as a vital sign at the point
of care, at enrollment and at annual re-enrollment, or in a
birthday greeting (phone call, mailed
card, or email).
• Sources of data on the incidence and prevalence of chronic
illness used by sites in the Triple Aim
prototyping initiative include disease management registries,
claims data, data from an electronic
health record, health records, and population surveys.
Methods of Measurement
Health Outcomes Measurement
1. Mortality
• Years of potential life lost (YPLL) is a population mortality
measure that expresses the
33. sum of life-years lost in a population due to premature
mortality.15 (For example, if the
life expectancy target for a population is 75 years and someone
lives to age 65, there are
ten years of potential life lost. YPLL is the sum of these
measures for individuals for a
population during a specified time period.)
• Standardized mortality ratios are raw mortality rates
adjusted by the particular age
composition of a population. The calculation multiplies the
actual age-specific rates of
the population by the age distribution of a standard population
to enable comparisons.16
• Mortality amenable to health care measures deaths from
certain causes before age 75 that
are potentially preventable with timely and effective health
care.17
• Life expectancy measurement uses the same underlying age-
specific mortality rates in the
population, but uses a life table to calculate expected years of
remaining life at any age,
using the current age-specific mortality rates applied to a
hypothetical prospective cohort.18
Life expectancy is typically reported by gender, at birth and at
age 65; it is considered a
more intuitive and meaningful measure of mortality compared to
the other measures.
• Consideration should be given to the size of the population
to calculate useful mortality
statistics. Multiple years and/or ages can be aggregated. Ezzati
and colleagues calculated life
expectancy for US counties with populations of at least 10,000
35. quality bonus framework.23
Another example is the PROMIS Global-10, a 10-item
assessment instrument that is part
of the NIH-funded PROMIS item bank of patient-reported
measures.24
3. Healthy Life Expectancy
A broader health measure in the Triple Aim measurement
menu is healthy life expectancy
(HLE), a combined single measure that adjusts life expectancy
by the expected level of health
or function during the remaining years of life. Many nations
around the world have adopted
this summary measure of population health at the national level,
though the measure can be
adapted for use in smaller geographic areas or health systems.25
Disease Burden Measurement
The prevalence of a chronic illness can be calculated by using
the percentage of the population with
the illness by age bracket (e.g., people ages 20 to 29, ages 30 to
39, etc.). The prevalence can then
be compared over time by standardizing (i.e., age-adjusting),
using the population size in each age
bracket from the initial year. Summary measures of disease
burden used for risk assessment and
predictive modeling are also available. Examples include the
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)
and commercial products like DxCG risk scores and Episode
Risk Groups (ERGs).26,27,28
InnovationSeries:AGuidetoMeasuringtheTripleAim
37. How’s Your Health
global question (added
as a supplemental
question to the CAHPS
Clinician & Group
Survey)
Martin’s Point Health
Care (Maine)
Active paneled patients at
Martin’s Point Health Care
centers
Survey administered by
National Research Corp.
(NRC) Picker summarized
quarterly from a random
sample of patients
(Rules: Had a visit within the
survey period, one survey
per household per quarter,
one survey per calendar
year)
Percent of
patients who
would recommend
HealthPartners clinics
HealthPartners
(Minnesota)
Patients seen at
HealthPartners clinics
39. question from Consumer
Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) from
the US Department of
Health and Human Services to measure experience from the
patient’s perspective.
• An index of Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information
Set (HEDIS) measures or
The Joint Commission (TJC) measures can be used to measure
the effectiveness of care.
Methods of Measurement
• How’s Your Health32 contains the option for a care team or
employer to give persons an
access code to this web-based resource that allows for
aggregating results for populations.
• Sites should consider multiple dimensions (e.g., the six IOM
aims) when developing a
measure of experience of care from the delivery system
perspective, rather than focusing
on a single dimension such as effectiveness.
• Some measures based on IOM aims used by sites in the IHI
Triple Aim prototyping
initiative to measure experience of care from the delivery
system perspective are: safe (adverse
events); effective (hospital standardized mortality ratio, an
index of HEDIS measures, index
of The Joint Commission measures); patient-centered (patient
engagement or confidence);
timely (access); and efficient (readmissions). Stratification of
these measures by race and
gender provides measures of equitable care.
41. Risk-adjusted health
plan costs per
member per month
Kaiser Permanente
(California)
Health plan members Internal health plan and
delivery system cost data,
DxCG risk scores, Milliman
cost benchmarks
Health plan costs per
member per month
Martin’s Point Health
Care (Maine)
Health plan members Claims data reported
through Martin’s Point data
warehouse
Cost per employee per
year
Bellin Health (Wisconsin) Employees of Bellin Health Claims
data from third-party
administrator
ED utilization per
1,000 members
Partnership with
Genesee Health Plan
(GHP) (Michigan)
42. Low-income, uninsured
members of GHP
Claims data
Tips for Measuring Per Capita Cost
Data Sources
• Sites participating in the IHI Triple Aim prototyping
initiative found claims from health plans
and Medicare to be a key source of data.
• For integrated systems without a health plan, Triple Aim
sites used data available within the
system (hospital, ED, and primary care) and/or from
collaboration with affiliated health plans,
Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs), or
accountable care organizations.
• Cost data for Medicare patients is available from The
Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care,34 which
aggregates Medicare data by attributing claims to hospital
service areas or hospital referral regions
and not individual health care systems.
• HEDIS contains Relative Resource Use measures focusing on
five high-cost conditions for health
plans.35 The measures use standard unit costs to control for
differences in prices to facilitate
comparisons and exclude certain costs, such as laboratory and
radiology, for which standard
pricing tables are not readily available.
44. Integrating Triple Aim Measurement into a Learning System
As the examples above illustrate, a variety of options are
available for measuring the three dimensions
of the Triple Aim. Some organizations participating in IHI’s
Triple Aim prototyping initiative —
such as Martin’s Point Health Care, HealthPartners, Kaiser
Permanente, and CareOregon — have
developed a good set of Triple Aim measures for their defined
populations. Challenges ahead include
increasing the ability of communities to use publicly available
data sources (national and local)
supplemented by data generated within the health care systems
from EHRs and registries to develop
measures for their region, and to have organizations and
communities produce data over time on
their measures to monitor performance levels. Organizations
and communities pursuing the Triple
Aim also need to integrate their measures into a learning system
to fuel simultaneous improvement
of population health, experience of care, and per capita cost.
A learning system is an interdependent group of elements with
the aim of building and using
knowledge. For improvement initiatives such as the Triple Aim,
the new knowledge is used to develop
and adapt changes to improve performance. The foundation of
the learning system is the population
outcome measures described previously. Goals should establish
“how much improvement, by when”
for these measures. For example, an organization or community
might set a goal to maintain growth
in per capita cost for a population below the growth in the
Consumer Price Index for the next two
years, or to decrease the years of potential life lost in a
47. Measures
Projects Project Measures
Population Health Total health risk
assessment scores
Recuperative care program
(RCP) for homeless
Number of patients enrolled
in RCP
Proactive outreach to high-
risk patients and enrollment
in complex case management
programs
• Number of high-risk patients
assisted in complex case
management programs
• Percent of high-risk patients
with EQ-5D functional
limitations
Chronic pain programs Number of members enrolled
in chronic pain programs
Experience of Care Global rating of
health care
• Primary care empanelment
• Advanced access
scheduling
48. • Primary care empanelment
and continuity rates
• Time to third next available
appointment
HEDIS effectiveness
of care index
• Transparent panel-level
clinical metrics
• Chronic condition clinical
standards and reliability
strategies
• Disease management
programs and training for
staff
• HEDIS metrics dashboards
by team
• Chronic disease care
management caseload per
care manager
• Percent of patients
enrolled in chronic disease
management programs
being contacted at least
once every 45 days
Per Capita Cost Health plan costs
per member per
49. month
Community-based outreach
teams for high-cost members
• Average number of
members outreached per
month per team
• Average number of
members contacted per
month
Hospital costs and
utilization rates
Transitional care follow-up • Readmission rates
• Ambulatory care sensitive
hospitalization rates
• Number of days from
discharge to follow-up
appointment with primary
care physician
Emergency
department (ED)
cost and utilization
rates
ED outreach by primary care • Time to third next available
appointmment or percent
same-day access
• Clinic-specific ED rates
52. 22
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February 22, 2006. Available at:
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20060222005799/en/
CORRECTING-REPLACING-HEDIS-Measures-Purchasers-
Consumers-Compare.
36 HealthPartners Total Cost of Care and Resource Use
(TCOC). Available at:
http://www.healthpartners.com/tcoc.
37 National Quality Measures Clearinghouse. Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality. Available
at:
http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/content.aspx?id=27275.
38 Craig C, Eby D, Whittington J. Care Coordination Model:
Better Care at Lower Cost for People with
Multiple Health and Social Needs. IHI Innovation Series white
60. paper. Cambridge, MA: Institute for
Healthcare Improvement; 2011. Available at:
http://www.ihi.org/knowledge/Pages/IHIWhite
Papers/IHICareCoordinationModelWhitePaper.aspx.
39 Baker DW, Qaseem A, Reynolds P, Gardner LA, Schneider
EC. Design and use of performance
measures to decrease low-value services and achieve cost-
conscious care. Annals of Internal Medicine.
2012 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/
downloads//id79ta.pdf
http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/
downloads//id79ta.pdf
http://howsyourhealth.org/
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20060222005799/en/C
ORRECTING-REPLACING-HEDIS-Measures-Purchasers-
Consumers-Compare
62. • Are the measures sensitive to interventions?
• Are the measures affected by population migration?
• Are the measures easily understood by collaborating
organizations, policy makers, and the
public?
• Is the meaning of an increase or decrease in a measure
unambiguous?
• Do the measures stand alone or are they aggregated into an
index or summary measure?
• Are the measures uniform across communities?
• To what extent do measures address disparities as well as
overall burden?
• Can unintended consequences be tracked?
Source: Bilheimer LT. Evaluating metrics to improve population
health. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2010;7(4):A69.
Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0016.htm.
Pestronk provides a related set of characteristics of ideal
measures applicable to the Triple Aim.
• Simple, sensitive, robust, credible, impartial, actionable, and
reflective of community values
63. • Valid and reliable, easily understood, and accepted by those
using them and being measured by
them
• Useful over time and for specific geographic, membership, or
demographically defined
populations
• Verifiable independently from the entity being measured
• Politically acceptable
• Sensitive to change in response to factors that may influence
population health during the time
that inducement is offered
• Sensitive to the level and distribution of health in a
population
• Responsive to demands for evidence of population health
improvement by measuring large
sample sizes
Source: Pestronk RM. Using metrics to improve population
health. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2010;7(4):A70.
Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0018.htm.
65. Measure and Definition Sources of Data Notes and References
1. Health Outcomes
A. Mortality
A1. Life expectancy (LE): Average
years of life remaining at
a given age if current age-
specific mortality rates
continue to apply. Calculations
require the number of deaths
and the number in the
population for each age or
age group. This information is
presented in a life table.
A2. Years of potential life
lost (YPLL): A measure of
premature mortality calculated
by aggregating over a
population for a given year
the difference between age
at death and a standard life
expectancy target (typically
66. 75 years). YPLL is often
standardized per 1,000 or
per 100,000 members of a
population less than 75 years
of age and age adjusted.
A3. Standardized mortality ratio
(SMR): Ratio of observed to
expected deaths. Calculation
of expected deaths based on
a standard population and
typically adjusted for age and
gender.
LE is available by counties in US
Department of Health and Human
Services Community Health Status
Indicators (CHSI) using 2006 data.
Mobilizing Action Toward
Community Health (http://
www.countyhealthrankings.org)
includes YPLL for counties using
pooled data for 3 years. The 2011
rankings use data from National
67. Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
for 2005-2007.
Potential sources of data on
deaths:
• Hospitals within integrated
system
• Affiliated health plans
• Social Security Administration
(http://www.ntis.gov/products/
ssa-dmf.aspx)
• State vital statistics
• Local health departments
Consideration must be given to the size
of the population to calculate useful
mortality statistics. Multiple years and/or
ages can be aggregated.
Life expectancy is the most intuitive
and meaningful mortality measure, and
age-adjustment is built in, but requires a
68. relative stable population. YPLL is easy
to calculate and understand, though
it doesn’t count years lived above the
target. Raw mortality is not typically
recommended since differences or
changes in underlying risk factors, such
as age, are not taken into account. Other
measures of mortality are infant mortality
and “mortality amenable to health care,”
which measures deaths from certain
causes that are potentially preventable
with timely and effective health care.
Handbook of Health Research Methods
(2005): “In a meta-analysis, a statistically
significant relationship between single
question self-rated health and risk of
death was found. This relationship
persisted in studies with a long duration
of follow-up, for men and women,
and irrespective of country origin. The
association may occur because self-rated
health serves as an important proxy for
the array of covariates known to predict
health and resource needs.”(Source:
70. B1. Single-question health status:
Response to the question
“Would you say that in general
your health is: Excellent, Very
Good, Good, Fair, Poor?”
B2. Multi-domain health/functional
status:
SF-12 or 36; FHS-6; CDC
HRQOL-14
B3. Utility-based health/functional
status:
Health Utilities Index; EuroQol
EQ-5D, SF-6D (convert scores
into 0-1 utility scores based on
societal preferences, commonly
used to measure quality-
adjusted life years (QALYs)
used in economic analyses and
research)
Note: Healthy life expectancy (HLE)
combines life expectancy and
health status into a single measure,
71. reflecting remaining years of life in
good health (http://reves.site.ined.
fr/en/DFLE/definition/).
Single question is included in many
survey instruments, including CDC
HRQOL-4. HRQOL-4 (http://www.cdc.
gov/hrqol/hrqol14_measure.htm)
is included in the CDC state-based
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS) (http://www.cdc.
gov/brfss) in the National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES); in the Medicare Health
Outcome Survey (HOS); the CAHPS
and HCAHPS care experience
surveys; the UK General Household
survey; as well as many proprietary
surveys, such as the SF-12.
EU Statistics on Income and Living
Conditions Survey also includes
a question on limitations due to a
health problem.
72. Mobilizing Action Toward
Community Health (http://www.
countyhealthrankings.org) uses
a weighted average of mortality
(YPLL) and 4 measures of morbidity:
self-rated health, poor physical
and mental health days in the past
month from BRFSS, and low birth
weight from National Center for
Health Statistics (NCHS).
Options for collecting data on self-
reported health:
• Include in health risk assessment
(HRA)
• Include in care experience survey
• Vital sign at point of care or after-
visit survey
• At enrollment and follow-up annually
at re-enrollment or in birthday
greeting (phone call, mailed card,
email)
73. HLE: An Excel spreadsheet is available
for calculations (Sullivan Method) for
Life Expectancy (LE) and Disability
Free Life Expectancy (DFLE)
(http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/
resources/computation_online/
sullivan/).
Reference: Kindig D, Asada Y,
Booske B. A population health
framework for setting national and
state health goals. JAMA. 2008 May
7;299(17):2081-2083.
http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/DFLE/definition/
http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/DFLE/definition/
http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/hrqol14_measure.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/hrqol14_measure.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss
http://www.countyhealthrankings.org
http://www.countyhealthrankings.org
http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/resources/computation_online/sulliva
n/
75. • Prevalence: Percent of a
population with identified
conditions
B. Predictive model scores:
Mathematical modeling is used
with inputs such as diagnosis
and claims data to segment a
population on such outcomes
as likelihood of hospitalization,
mortality, resource utilization,
and cost. (Note: Relationship to
per capita cost dimension of
the Triple Aim.)
Potential sources of data on the
incidence and/or prevalence
of chronic illness: disease
management registries, claims
data, electronic health record
data, health records, population
surveys.
Age-adjusted prevalence of a prominent
chronic illness (e.g., diabetes) can be
76. calculated and compared over time by
using the percent of the population with
the disease by age brackets (e.g., 20-29
years, 30-39 years, etc.) standardized to
the population size in the age brackets
for the initial year.
Gallup-Healthways has represented
disease burden by monitoring the
prevalence of disease conditions (0, 1
to 3 conditions, 4 or more conditions)
in a population. They provide a list
of conditions that include high blood
pressure, diabetes, depression, pain, and
cancer.
Examples of predictive models are DxCG,
ACG, ERG. Comparisons of predictive
model scores can be made over time by
standardizing using the initial population
size in different risk categories (e.g.,
healthy, at risk, uncomplicated chronic,
and complex).
3. Behavioral and Physiological
77. Factors
Behavioral factors include
smoking, alcohol, physical
activity, and diet. Physiological
factors include blood pressure,
body mass index, cholesterol,
and blood glucose.
A health risk assessment
(HRA) is a questionnaire that
allows for categorization of
people by risk status based
on a variety of behavioral risk
factors or biometrics. There are
commercially-available HRAs.
Examples:
Healics (http://www.healics.com/)
HealthMedia (http://www.
healthmedia.com/index.htm)
An HRA available in the public
domain from Trustees of
Dartmouth College:
HowsYourHealth (http://www.
howsyourhealth.org).
78. BRFSS includes information on
health determinants: obesity,
alcohol, smoking, and also
comparisons to peer groups.
However, it represents only a
small random sample of a state or
county.
Although an HRA focuses primarily on
behavioral factor rather than outcomes
of health, these determinants are leading
indicators of health outcomes. Scores
can be aggregated across questions
to form an index or the percent of the
population in different categories based
on risks can be calculated and compared
over time. In addition, an HRA often
contains health or functional status
questions that can be used separately as
measures of health.
The Dartmouth Institute and the
University of Washington are developing
an HRA that will be available in the public
80. A. US CAHPS survey (HHS/AHRQ)
HP-CAHPS health plan survey
includes four global questions of
experience including: “Using any
number from 0 to 10, where 0
is the worst health care possible
and 10 is the best health care
possible, what number would
you use to rate all your health
care in the last 12 months?”
Global questions also include
experience with personal
physician, specialist, and health
plan.
B. How’s Your Health
Global question: “When you
think about your health care,
how much do you agree or
disagree with this statement: ‘I
receive exactly what I want and
need exactly when and how I
want and need it’?”
81. C. NHS World Class Commissioning
(WCC) or CareQuality
Commission experience
questions
D. Key global questions from a
current patient survey (e.g.,
likelihood to recommend)
HP-CAHPS (health plan survey)
results available to individual
participants (http://www.cahps.
ahrq.gov/default.asp).
H-CAHPS (hospital survey) results
available publicly (http://www.
hospitalcompare.hhs.gov).
How’s Your Health (http://www.
howsyourhealth.org) contains the
option for a care team or employer
to give persons an access code to
this web-based resource.
Patient experience survey used in
82. your organization or region.
How’s Your Health was also included
as a publicly available HRA.
WCC Assurance Handbook (page 72),
Planned Care, contains experience
questions (http://www.dh.gov.
uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_
digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/
digitalasset/dh_085141.pdf).
CareQuality Commission
(http://www.cqc.org.uk/public/
reports-surveys-and-reviews/surveys).
A combination of measures for loyalty
are retention (e.g., in a health plan or
primary care practice) and questions
on overall satisfaction and likelihood
to recommend. (Source: Wilburn W.
Managing the Customer Experience.
ASQ Quality Press; 2007.)
http://www.cahps.ahrq.gov/default.asp
84. Measuring Experience of Care (continued)
Measure and Definition Sources of Data Notes and References
2. Set of care experience
measures based on key
dimensions
For example, a dashboard
created from the US Institute
of Medicine (IOM) aims for
improvement that impact the
health care experience of an
individual: Safe, Effective,
Timely, Efficient, Equitable,
Patient-Centered.
Much data should be available
within the health care system (e.g.,
clinical practice management).
Hospital standardized mortality
ratio (HSMR) from Dr. Foster
(http://www.drfosterhealth.co.uk/
features/what-are-hospital-
standard-mortality-ratios.aspx).
85. Data summaries available in
databases such as:
• HHS Hospital Compare –
Medicare data (http://www.
hospitalcompare.hhs.gov/)
• The Joint Commission Quality
Check (http://www.qualitycheck.
org/Consumer/SearchQCR.
aspx)
• Health Effectiveness Data and
Information Set (HEDIS) (http://
www.ncqa.org/tabid/59/
Default.aspx)
Some examples of measures based on
IOM aims are Safe (adverse events),
Effective (HSMR, an index of HEDIS
measures, index of The Joint Commission
measures), Patient-Centered (patient
engagement or confidence), Timely
(access), and Efficient (readmissions).
87. Measuring Per Capita Cost
Measure and Definition Sources of Data Notes and References
1. Total cost per member
(or citizen) of the population
per month
Total costs, and costs by type of
service (inpatient, outpatient,
pharmacy, ancillary, etc.) each
month for a population, divided
by the number of people in the
population
Claims or electronic health record
data from health plans and
Medicare are a key source of data.
Potential sources for integrated
systems without a health plan:
data available within system
(hospital, ED, and primary care)
and/or collaboration with affiliated
health plans, Regional Health
Information Organization (RHIOs), or
88. accountable care organizations.
Systems that serve a defined
population and include a health plan
or insurance entity should be able to
calculate cost per member per month
(PMPM).
2. Hospital and emergency
department (ED) utilization
rate
Total number of hospital
admissions and ED visits each
month for a population divided
by the total number of people
in the population, typically
expressed as a rate per 1,000
Sources of data similar to the above.
US Health Effectiveness Data and
Information Set (HEDIS) contains
Relative Resource Use measures
focusing on six high-cost conditions
for health plans. Areas of resource
89. use include inpatient, evaluation
and management (E&M), surgery
and procedures, and pharmacy.
Cost for hospital admissions and ED
visits can be determined by multiplying
the number of each by standard unit
costs.
A good measure for improvement
is hospital and ED utilization for
ambulatory care sensitive conditions
(ACSC). ACSC are “conditions for which
good outpatient care can potentially
prevent the need for hospitalization
or for which early intervention can
prevent complications or more severe
disease” (Source: AHRQ, 2004 – see
below).
References for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC):
• AHRQ Quality Indicators—Guide to Prevention Quality
Indicators: Hospital Admission for Ambulatory
Care Sensitive Conditions. Rockville, MD: Agency for
91. Glossary of Data Sources for Measuring the Triple Aim
An alphabetical listing and brief description of data sources for
some of the more commonly used
measures discussed in this white paper for measuring the Triple
Aim: population health, experience
of care, and per capita cost.
BRFSS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey from the
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, contains county-level data on health indicators
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss
CAHPS: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and
Systems from the US Department of
Health and Human Services, includes surveys for different
populations: Health Plans (HP), Hospitals
(H), and Clinician and Group (CG)
https://www.cahps.ahrq.gov
Community Commons: An interactive mapping, networking, and
learning utility for the healthy
communities movement; provides over 7,000 GIS (graphic
information system) data layers at state,
92. county, zip code, block group, tract, and point-levels, as well as
mapping, visualization, analytic,
impact, and communication tools and applications
http://www.communitycommons.org
County Health Rankings: From the University of Wisconsin’s
Population Health Institute, provides
data by county on key determinants of health
http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/
Dartmouth Atlas: Contains mainly cost data for Medicare
patients by state and hospital referral
region (HRR)
http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/
HEDIS: Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set is a
tool for health plans from the
National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)
http://www.ncqa.org/tabid/59/Default.aspx
Hospital Compare: From the US Department of Health and
Human Services, includes the
comparison of hospitals on key quality indicators by condition
http://www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov/
95. An Explanation of the Model of Population Health Components
and Relationships
Figure 1. A Model of Population Health
The model elaborates on the causal pathways and relationships
described by Evans and Stoddart,i
and provides a framework for measurement by distinguishing
between determinants (upstream and
individual factors) and outcomes, and within outcomes, between
intermediate outcomes and health
outcomes (states of health).
Physical
Environment
Medical
Care
Socioeconomic
Factors
99. • These factors are influenced by the upstream factors, as well
as relationships among the
individual factors.
• Four individual behaviors — smoking, diet, exercise, and
alcohol consumption — are estimated
to account for 40 percent of premature mortality.ii
• Spirituality and resilience are increasingly recognized as
important determinants of health, in
turn influenced by both the upstream factors as well as
behaviors and physiology.iii
Prevention and Health Promotion
• The first potential contributions of health care, prevention
and health promotion, are directed
primarily at the upstream and individual factors.
Intermediate Outcomes: Disease Burden and Injury
• The individual factors and upstream factors influence the
intermediate outcomes of disease and
injury. However, two people with identical physiological
markers and healthy behaviors may
101. Quality of Life: Well-Being
• Well-being is intended to capture quality of life, of which
health is only one contributor. Such
factors as meaningful relationships and work, influenced
powerfully and directly by the upstream
factors, also contribute to well-being.
• Well-being can also influence the individual factors of
physiology and resilience, and even the
upstream factors. For example, people with greater well-being
are more likely to succeed in
school and work.iv,v
Equity
• Kindig and Stoddart added the important dimension of the
distribution of health to the
population health model to differentiate it from individual
health.vi This dimension is captured
in the model as equity, and is shown to influence the upstream
factors of socioeconomics and
physical environment, as well as the contributions of health
care, prevention, health promotion,
and medical care.
102. Sources:
iEvans RG, Stoddart GL. Producing health, consuming health
care. Social Science and Medicine. 1990;31(12):1347-1363.
ii Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual
causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA.
2004;291(10):
1238-1245.
iii Eriksson M, Lindström B. Antonovsky’s sense of coherence
scale and the relation with health: A systematic review. Journal
of
Epidemiology and Community Health. 2006;60:376-381.
ivBoehm JK, Lyubomirsky S. Does happiness promote career
success? Journal of Career Assessment. 2008;16:101-116.
v Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E. The benefits of frequent
positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological
Bulletin. 2005;131: 803-855.
viKindig D, Stoddart G. What is population health? American
Journal of Public Health. 2003;93:380-383.
103. White Papers in IHI’s Innovation Series
1
MoveYourDot™:Measuring,Evaluating,andReducingHospitalMo
rtalityRates
2
OptimizingPatientFlow:MovingPatientsSmoothlyThroughAcute
CareSettings
3
TheBreakthroughSeries:IHI’sCollaborativeModelforAchieving
Breakthrough Improvement
4 Improving the Reliability of Health Care
5 Transforming Care at the Bedside
6 Seven Leadership Leverage Points for Organization-Level
Improvement in Health Care (Second Edition)
7 Going Lean in Health Care