3. INTRODUCTION
Fresh water is essential for agriculture, industry and human
existence; it is a finite resource of earth.
Fresh water resource are becoming deteriorate day-by-day at
the very faster rate due to the discharge of wastes.
Now water quality is a global problem (Mahananda et al., 2005).
Discharge of organic wastes human excreta, sewage waste,
polythenes, municipal garbage and toxic discharge from the
factories increasing bacterial pollution in the river Gomti. This
waste flow into the storm drains, mixing with common water and
subsequently posing a serious threat to the water ecology,
animals and human; spatially in Lucknow and Barabanki district.
4. SOME OF THE COMMON WATERBORNE
DISEASES THAT SPREAD THROUGH
CONTAMINATED WATER.
Cryptosporidiosis,
Typhoid fever,
Cholera,
Dysentery,
Hepatitis , etc.
5. THE AIMS OF THE STUDY
1) To revealed out the pollution status of
whole stretch of river Gomti in terms of
Physicochemical and bacteriological
characteristics in Uttar Pradesh.
2)The study has given the information
regarding the suitability of the water for
various uses like drinking and other
domestic applications.
6.
7. Water Sample Analysis
Spatial analysis Seasonal Analysis Yearly Analysis
Study of
Phyco-
chemical
paramet
ers
Study
of
Bacteri
ological
parame
ters
Study of
Phyco-
chemical
paramet
ers
Study
of
Bacteri
ological
parame
ters
Study of
Phyco-
chemical
paramet
ers
Study
of
Bacteri
ological
parame
ters
(of 8 different
locations of water
of Gomti river).
{In the different seasons i.e. pre
monsoon (Jan-April), monsoon
(May-Aug), and post monsoon
(Sept-Dec)}
in two different years
i.e. 2008 and 2009
8. TWO MAIN WORKS
1) To investigate the
physico-chemical
characteristics
such as
Water temperature, Total
Solids, Total Dissolved
Solids, Total Suspended
Solid, Conductivity, pH,
COD, BOD and DO of water.
2) To examine the
bacteriological
characteristics
included bacteriological
parameters like Total Coli
(TC), Faecal Coli (FC) and
Faecal Streptocoli (FS)
9. Study area :Eight water samples from eight different locations were
selected from upstream to downstream and analyzed to access the
bacteriological pollution in river Gomti, during three seasons and two years.
The sampling location description of river Gomti is given below:
10. SAMPLING
Sampling was carried out in two different years i.e.
2008 and 2009 in three different seasons i.e. pre
monsoon (Jan-April), monsoon (May-Aug), and
post monsoon (Sept-Dec) to the mid flow of river
Gomti at different locations selected from upstream
to downstream i.e. Neemsar, Bhatpur, Gaughat,
Mohan Meakin, Piperaghat, Barabanki, Sultanpur
and Jaunpur.
Triplicate Samples of surface water were collected
in sterile glass bottles and immediately transported
to the laboratory in an ice bucket at 4oC for
analysis.
11. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:
1) The temperatures of the samples were noted at
the sampling point itself.
2) Analysis was carried out for various other water
quality parameters such as
Total solids (TS),
Total Dissolved solids (TDS),
Total Suspended Solids (TSS),
pH,
Conductivity,
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) using standard method.
12. BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:
The bacteria indicators of sewage pollution i.e.
Total Coli (TC),
Faecal Coli (FC), and
Faecal Streptocoli (FS) were analyzed together and
the ratio of FC/FS were also calculated.
Analysis of these indicator bacteria were
enumerated using the Multiple Test Tube Method
(APHA 20th edition) or MPN(Most Probable
Number) method.
13. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
A two tailed (α=2) probability p<0.05 was
considered to be statistically significant. All
statistical analyses were preformed on STATISTICA
(version 6.0).
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. 1)The water quality of river Gomti from upstream to
downstream was found to be more polluted with
reference to bacteriological parameters rather
than all physico-chemical parameters.
2) The high level of sewage pollution indicator
bacteria detected, revealed that the water of river
Gomti was very poor microbiologically, unsafe
and not acceptable for any purpose especially in
Lucknow and Barabanki districts.
27. 1. Total absence of the wastewater treatment
system for all cities situated along side of Gomati
River.
2. The deterioration in water quality is found due to
the regular outfalls of more than 26 drains only in
Lucknow.
3. A number of industries discharge their industrial
effluent in to river especially in Barabanki.
28. EFFECT OF THESE POLLUTANTS
Presence of such huge amount of pollutants
in to surface water, river lost their self
purifying nature.
As soon as the river lost its self purifying
nature it resulting in high level of
pathogenic bacteria.
29.
30. Despite the above scenario, the people use the
water of river Gomti for various purposes.
That’s why proper treatment of waste water before
releasing in to river Gomti needed, for good water
ecology and to avoid various human diseases.
