(1) The document assesses why small and medium enterprises in Ghana are not keeping adequate accounting records. It outlines the importance of SMEs to Ghana's economy and employment. (2) The study found that most SMEs do not keep proper cash records or prepare annual accounts. The main challenges were lack of bookkeeping knowledge and skills, time constraints, and not seeing the importance. (3) It recommends providing bookkeeping training to SME owners, making record keeping mandatory by law, and teaching accounting in schools to improve financial literacy.