The document discusses lean concepts and value-adding activities at Tyco Electronics. It describes Tyco Electronics as a leading supplier of passive electro-mechanical components. It then discusses concepts like value-adding activities, quality management, visual factory techniques like 5S, just-in-time production using kanban systems, and developing close partnerships with suppliers.
Description of IT Mark and Cluster Approach Project presented in Quatic 2010 Conference in Oporto, Portugal. By TECNALIA.
Further information in http://www.tecnalia.com/es/ict-european-software-institute/index.htm
In medicine - an MRI can quickly reveal a hidden ailment and actionable insight to get better. For IT and business leaders whose key concern with the mainframe is the platform costs and lean operations - the CA Mainframe Resource Intelligene reveals multiple sources of hidden mainframe costs and operational inefficiencies along with actionable recommendations.View this slideshare to understand how this new SaaS offering from CA brings together automation, speed, analytics and mainframe expertise of 40+ years. CA Mainframe Resource Intelligence reports answer your CIO’s toughest questions about mainframe optimization and potential for digital transformation.
For more information, please contact your account director or mainframe specialist at:
http://ow.ly/PALG50htHgF
Developed a Business Plan as a team to secure funding for a new venture on “Automobile Alcohol Detection System” to reduce Singapore‘s drink-and-drive accident rate.
Exentra Transport Solutions - Saving road transport operators time, money and...Descartes Systems UK Ltd
Exentra are leaders in compliance management solutions for road transport operators. Our solutions help operators maintain their compliance with drivers' hours, working time regulations, tachograph legislation and duty of care with employees that are required to drive on behalf of the company.
Poka Yoke is a Japanese term meaning "mistake-proofing" or "error-proofing". It is a quality control method used to eliminate or prevent mistakes or errors during manufacturing processes. The goal of Poka Yoke is to make it impossible or at least very difficult to make mistakes, thus improving efficiency and reducing defects. This can be achieved through various means, such as designing products or processes that are self-checking, using warning signals or alarms, or providing clear instructions for operators. By implementing Poka Yoke, organizations can improve the quality of their products and reduce the time and cost associated with fixing mistakes
Description of IT Mark and Cluster Approach Project presented in Quatic 2010 Conference in Oporto, Portugal. By TECNALIA.
Further information in http://www.tecnalia.com/es/ict-european-software-institute/index.htm
In medicine - an MRI can quickly reveal a hidden ailment and actionable insight to get better. For IT and business leaders whose key concern with the mainframe is the platform costs and lean operations - the CA Mainframe Resource Intelligene reveals multiple sources of hidden mainframe costs and operational inefficiencies along with actionable recommendations.View this slideshare to understand how this new SaaS offering from CA brings together automation, speed, analytics and mainframe expertise of 40+ years. CA Mainframe Resource Intelligence reports answer your CIO’s toughest questions about mainframe optimization and potential for digital transformation.
For more information, please contact your account director or mainframe specialist at:
http://ow.ly/PALG50htHgF
Developed a Business Plan as a team to secure funding for a new venture on “Automobile Alcohol Detection System” to reduce Singapore‘s drink-and-drive accident rate.
Exentra Transport Solutions - Saving road transport operators time, money and...Descartes Systems UK Ltd
Exentra are leaders in compliance management solutions for road transport operators. Our solutions help operators maintain their compliance with drivers' hours, working time regulations, tachograph legislation and duty of care with employees that are required to drive on behalf of the company.
Poka Yoke is a Japanese term meaning "mistake-proofing" or "error-proofing". It is a quality control method used to eliminate or prevent mistakes or errors during manufacturing processes. The goal of Poka Yoke is to make it impossible or at least very difficult to make mistakes, thus improving efficiency and reducing defects. This can be achieved through various means, such as designing products or processes that are self-checking, using warning signals or alarms, or providing clear instructions for operators. By implementing Poka Yoke, organizations can improve the quality of their products and reduce the time and cost associated with fixing mistakes
Cognitive Predictive Maintenance for AutomotiveAnita Raj
In a world grappling with unanswered challenges and hidden data, the need of the hour is to unravel the dark mysteries that surround the auto industry today. It’s time to change the machine game and unlock the true human potential. It’s time to improve the overall quality of life for workers and passengers and ensure no leaf is unturned when it comes to safety and efficiency. Cognitive predictive maintenance is the game changer, that holds the key to minimizing auto recall.
ERP Software for Iron Casting ManufacturersRoadmap ERP
Roadmap ERP impeccably forges an innovative way ahead for Iron Casting Manufacturers. The comprehensive inclusion of Roadmap full-suite ERP with the business workflow of the Iron Casting & Manufacturing sector has ensured real-time data awareness streamlining production, procurement & delivery for timely decision making. After all, Roadmap ERP proved to be just the right technological remedy for all its industrial woes.
Maintenance Reliability and the Internet of Things: What's your strategy?CloudOne
One of the most exciting things on the horizon for maintenance and reliability professionals is the dawn of the Internet of Things. Right around the corner is a world where everything we interact with – from appliances to cars to medical equipment – will be connected to each other and to services on the Internet that enhance their usefulness, reliability and effectiveness. Far from being a remote idea for maintenance and reliability, it now directly ties what we do every day into the successful creation of these smart products. Join CloudOne CEO John McDonald as he outlines what IoT is, and how it affects you in your role.
Agile Network India | Industry 4.0 - Digital Agility Vade Mecum | Atul JadhavAgileNetwork
Session Title: Industry 4.0 - Digital Agility Vade Mecum
Session Overview: Enterprises across the globe are struggling to leverage digital agility, the latest technologies and a plethora of options lead to an unconnected cognitive state.
Priority struggle between innovation vs safeguarding the current business. The traditional way of management to sacrifice hundreds of game-changing ideas in fear of one bad idea as the cost of failure is huge.
This session will not only highlight the challenges of implementing digital agility in the traditional business environment but we will also learn as technologists how we can help and enable these businesses to adopt the digital agility while balancing the PH Value between innovation & minimizing the risk of disrupting current running business.
Takeaways:
1. Industry 4.0 Evolution
2. Transformation Challenges
3. Data & Adoption Driven Digital Agility
4. Agility Impact - Top Line & Bottom Line
5. Vade Mecum - Identify, Analyse, Propose, Implement, Measure.
Empowering Industries with Artificial Intelligence Solutions. At byteLAKE, we harness cutting-edge technology to provide advanced quality inspection and data insights tailored for the Manufacturing, Automotive, Paper, Chemical, and Energy sectors. Additionally, we offer self-checkout stations for Restaurants and object recognition solutions for Retail businesses.
Explore our featured products:
► byteLAKE's CFD Suite: Accelerate your Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations by leveraging the speed and efficiency of artificial intelligence. Slash simulation times, minimize trial-and-error costs, and supercharge decision-making for heightened productivity. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/CFDSuite.
► byteLAKE's Cognitive Services: Unlock the full potential of Industry 4.0 with our comprehensive suite of AI solutions.
• Manufacturing: Employ image analytics for precise visual inspection of processes, parts, components, and products, ensuring impeccable quality control and minimizing errors. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/manufacturing.
• Automotive: Harness sound analytics to assess and analyze the quality of car engines, enabling proactive maintenance and preventing potential issues. Discover more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/automotive.
• Paper Industry: Implement advanced cameras to continuously monitor the papermaking process, accurately detecting and analyzing the wet line. Optimize production, reduce waste, and enhance efficiency. Explore further at www.byteLAKE.com/en/paper.
• Data Insights: Leverage our AI module for advanced predictive maintenance, detecting risky situations and triggering alarms. Seamlessly turn data from various sources (IoT sensors, documents, online weather forecasts, etc.) into actionable information for better decisions. Learn more at: www.byteLAKE.com/en/DataInsights.
• Restaurants / Retail: Simplify and expedite the checkout process with our solution for self-checkout stations. Our AI module can recognize meals and groceries effortlessly, sending the list directly to the cashier's machine for efficient self-checkout. Shorten queues and wait times, elevating customer satisfaction. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/AI4Restaurants.
Experience the future of AI-driven excellence. Discover more about byteLAKE's Cognitive Services at www.byteLAKE.com/en/CognitiveServices.
► Custom AI Software Development: Choose from our range of AI services, including AI Workshops with inspiring case studies and insights, Edge AI for real-time analytics on images, videos, sounds, and time-series data, Cognitive Automation for the automation of complex tasks with software robots, and HPC for algorithm optimization across various CPU, GPU, and FPGA architectures.
► Incubation: Explore our innovative product brainello, an AI-powered document processing software that works without templates, and Ewa Guard, AI for Drones enabling large area visual analytics.
Why IoT Matters to Maintenance ProfessionalsCloudOne
IoT changes everything. How will your company adapt?
To learn how CloudOne helps companies make their things for the Internet of Things, visit www.oncloudone.com.
AI-powered predictive maintenance for AirlinesVivek Vij
Findability Sciences predictive maintenance solution combines data from various sensors to identify/exhibits recognizable patterns or signatures and can spot trends resulting in potential fault detection and enable preventive maintenance actions. The self-learning algorithms can quickly classify such trends into appropriate categories to predict the potential failures and which components need immediate replacement or needs maintenance.
The key differentiation with our approach -
• Mixing of external data like weather & pollution
• The possibility of adding many other dependent variables based on use case from other data (e.g. ERP)
• Multi modeling technology provides more accuracy
• Different use-cases - At aircraft level, section level (e.g. an engine) or component level predictions.
• Through variable ranking used in models, know what is causing failures or need for maintenance.
• It’s a Self-learning, auto multi-modeling, fully automatic prediction – No Manual Intervention
Inside 6 Dimensional Model for Industry 4.0 Smart Factory by WeboniseWebonise Lab
Webonise uses a six dimensional approach to help manufacturing companies on their path to a Smart factory with 4th Industrial Revolution. The deep dive to pure Tech Adoption Strategies + Data Driven Play for Future Factories.
Danone-a practitioner approach to packaging line productivity by Mathieu Lora...Monique Watkins
Mat shares Unique Strategies for Improving Packaging Line Productivity. You don't want to miss this. Recorded webinar can be found at http://www.plantseminars.com
Want to watch the video of this talk & hear about free speaker hangouts?
Hop over here: http://bit.ly/IoTForum16Talks We will keep you up to date with new talks. We will never sell your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time.
Andy Stanford Clark from IBM speaks at the BLN IoT Forum 2016. It's All About the Data.
German-Japanese joint venture Freudenberg-NOK embeds continuous improvement in its DNA, through its own “Growtth” program- Get Rid of Waste Through Team Harmony. Global Quality Manager Carlos E. DaSilva describes how the award winning $1 billion maker of elastomeric seals and vibration control products constantly makes better use of time, people and materials. Presented during 2009 Hannover Fair.
More Related Content
Similar to Value Adding Activities - Lean Concepts
Cognitive Predictive Maintenance for AutomotiveAnita Raj
In a world grappling with unanswered challenges and hidden data, the need of the hour is to unravel the dark mysteries that surround the auto industry today. It’s time to change the machine game and unlock the true human potential. It’s time to improve the overall quality of life for workers and passengers and ensure no leaf is unturned when it comes to safety and efficiency. Cognitive predictive maintenance is the game changer, that holds the key to minimizing auto recall.
ERP Software for Iron Casting ManufacturersRoadmap ERP
Roadmap ERP impeccably forges an innovative way ahead for Iron Casting Manufacturers. The comprehensive inclusion of Roadmap full-suite ERP with the business workflow of the Iron Casting & Manufacturing sector has ensured real-time data awareness streamlining production, procurement & delivery for timely decision making. After all, Roadmap ERP proved to be just the right technological remedy for all its industrial woes.
Maintenance Reliability and the Internet of Things: What's your strategy?CloudOne
One of the most exciting things on the horizon for maintenance and reliability professionals is the dawn of the Internet of Things. Right around the corner is a world where everything we interact with – from appliances to cars to medical equipment – will be connected to each other and to services on the Internet that enhance their usefulness, reliability and effectiveness. Far from being a remote idea for maintenance and reliability, it now directly ties what we do every day into the successful creation of these smart products. Join CloudOne CEO John McDonald as he outlines what IoT is, and how it affects you in your role.
Agile Network India | Industry 4.0 - Digital Agility Vade Mecum | Atul JadhavAgileNetwork
Session Title: Industry 4.0 - Digital Agility Vade Mecum
Session Overview: Enterprises across the globe are struggling to leverage digital agility, the latest technologies and a plethora of options lead to an unconnected cognitive state.
Priority struggle between innovation vs safeguarding the current business. The traditional way of management to sacrifice hundreds of game-changing ideas in fear of one bad idea as the cost of failure is huge.
This session will not only highlight the challenges of implementing digital agility in the traditional business environment but we will also learn as technologists how we can help and enable these businesses to adopt the digital agility while balancing the PH Value between innovation & minimizing the risk of disrupting current running business.
Takeaways:
1. Industry 4.0 Evolution
2. Transformation Challenges
3. Data & Adoption Driven Digital Agility
4. Agility Impact - Top Line & Bottom Line
5. Vade Mecum - Identify, Analyse, Propose, Implement, Measure.
Empowering Industries with Artificial Intelligence Solutions. At byteLAKE, we harness cutting-edge technology to provide advanced quality inspection and data insights tailored for the Manufacturing, Automotive, Paper, Chemical, and Energy sectors. Additionally, we offer self-checkout stations for Restaurants and object recognition solutions for Retail businesses.
Explore our featured products:
► byteLAKE's CFD Suite: Accelerate your Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations by leveraging the speed and efficiency of artificial intelligence. Slash simulation times, minimize trial-and-error costs, and supercharge decision-making for heightened productivity. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/CFDSuite.
► byteLAKE's Cognitive Services: Unlock the full potential of Industry 4.0 with our comprehensive suite of AI solutions.
• Manufacturing: Employ image analytics for precise visual inspection of processes, parts, components, and products, ensuring impeccable quality control and minimizing errors. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/manufacturing.
• Automotive: Harness sound analytics to assess and analyze the quality of car engines, enabling proactive maintenance and preventing potential issues. Discover more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/automotive.
• Paper Industry: Implement advanced cameras to continuously monitor the papermaking process, accurately detecting and analyzing the wet line. Optimize production, reduce waste, and enhance efficiency. Explore further at www.byteLAKE.com/en/paper.
• Data Insights: Leverage our AI module for advanced predictive maintenance, detecting risky situations and triggering alarms. Seamlessly turn data from various sources (IoT sensors, documents, online weather forecasts, etc.) into actionable information for better decisions. Learn more at: www.byteLAKE.com/en/DataInsights.
• Restaurants / Retail: Simplify and expedite the checkout process with our solution for self-checkout stations. Our AI module can recognize meals and groceries effortlessly, sending the list directly to the cashier's machine for efficient self-checkout. Shorten queues and wait times, elevating customer satisfaction. Learn more at www.byteLAKE.com/en/AI4Restaurants.
Experience the future of AI-driven excellence. Discover more about byteLAKE's Cognitive Services at www.byteLAKE.com/en/CognitiveServices.
► Custom AI Software Development: Choose from our range of AI services, including AI Workshops with inspiring case studies and insights, Edge AI for real-time analytics on images, videos, sounds, and time-series data, Cognitive Automation for the automation of complex tasks with software robots, and HPC for algorithm optimization across various CPU, GPU, and FPGA architectures.
► Incubation: Explore our innovative product brainello, an AI-powered document processing software that works without templates, and Ewa Guard, AI for Drones enabling large area visual analytics.
Why IoT Matters to Maintenance ProfessionalsCloudOne
IoT changes everything. How will your company adapt?
To learn how CloudOne helps companies make their things for the Internet of Things, visit www.oncloudone.com.
AI-powered predictive maintenance for AirlinesVivek Vij
Findability Sciences predictive maintenance solution combines data from various sensors to identify/exhibits recognizable patterns or signatures and can spot trends resulting in potential fault detection and enable preventive maintenance actions. The self-learning algorithms can quickly classify such trends into appropriate categories to predict the potential failures and which components need immediate replacement or needs maintenance.
The key differentiation with our approach -
• Mixing of external data like weather & pollution
• The possibility of adding many other dependent variables based on use case from other data (e.g. ERP)
• Multi modeling technology provides more accuracy
• Different use-cases - At aircraft level, section level (e.g. an engine) or component level predictions.
• Through variable ranking used in models, know what is causing failures or need for maintenance.
• It’s a Self-learning, auto multi-modeling, fully automatic prediction – No Manual Intervention
Inside 6 Dimensional Model for Industry 4.0 Smart Factory by WeboniseWebonise Lab
Webonise uses a six dimensional approach to help manufacturing companies on their path to a Smart factory with 4th Industrial Revolution. The deep dive to pure Tech Adoption Strategies + Data Driven Play for Future Factories.
Danone-a practitioner approach to packaging line productivity by Mathieu Lora...Monique Watkins
Mat shares Unique Strategies for Improving Packaging Line Productivity. You don't want to miss this. Recorded webinar can be found at http://www.plantseminars.com
Want to watch the video of this talk & hear about free speaker hangouts?
Hop over here: http://bit.ly/IoTForum16Talks We will keep you up to date with new talks. We will never sell your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time.
Andy Stanford Clark from IBM speaks at the BLN IoT Forum 2016. It's All About the Data.
Similar to Value Adding Activities - Lean Concepts (20)
German-Japanese joint venture Freudenberg-NOK embeds continuous improvement in its DNA, through its own “Growtth” program- Get Rid of Waste Through Team Harmony. Global Quality Manager Carlos E. DaSilva describes how the award winning $1 billion maker of elastomeric seals and vibration control products constantly makes better use of time, people and materials. Presented during 2009 Hannover Fair.
Global competence is a function of speed, combining Program Project Management and Risk Management is important to accelerate the ability to compete worldwide. Mitigating risks in the initial phase of a new product design with supply chain involvement is essential.
Process development for new products and customers are essential for the Automotive companies, emphasizing defect prevention, reduction of variation and waste (Lean). This paper presents an approach for using ISO/TS 16949 Quality Management System – Particular requirements for application of ISO9001 for automotive production and service part organizations to achieve this goal
1. Lean Concepts to Meet: Value-adding Activities By Carlos Eduardo DaSilva SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY.
2.
3. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. DISTRONIC ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL ACC Lab – Lowell , MA Tyco International Tyco Electronics M/A COM www.macom.com Microwave Solutions Business Unit Automotive Sensors and Telematics Group
4. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE CUSTOMERS S-Class Mercedes DC Actros Truck CL Mercedes E-Class Mercedes Nissan Cima Cadillac DeVille Coming 2004
5. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE PRODUCT Dimensions (mm) Width: 137.6 Length: 146.9 Height: 57.9 ACC 77 GHz Sensor Frequency 76 to 77 GHz Technology Pulsed Doppler MMIC based design Output Power 58 to 66 dBm EIRP*G/F Antenna 3 beams separated by 3.5° Electronic beam switching Beam Width 3 degree ( - 6 dB) Sidelobes - 30 dB Min Freq Switching < 5 nS
6. Data transformed becomes information. Information transformed becomes intelligence. Intelligence transformed becomes competitive advantage . SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. QUALITY AS RESULT OF HUMAN EXCELLENCE HOW TO MAKE THE CHANGE
8. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE PLAN Tools: Balanced Scorecard; 6Sigma; Corrective/Preventive Actions Notification; Audits (System/Process/Product) ; Recognition Program; etc. IPI KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Project A 2002 Project B 2003 Project C 2005
9. PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE ACTION PROCESS PROCESS PROCESS PROCESS CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
10. KEY LEAN CONCEPTS Plant Level SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. “ It transfers the maximum number of tasks and responsibilities to those workers actually adding value to the car on the line, and it has in place a system for detecting defects that quickly traces every problem, …” THE MACHINE THAT CHANGED THE WORLD James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos
11. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. T P S THE BENCHMARK
12. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. “ T hinking” P roduction S ystem = T oyota T THE BENCHMARK KABUM
13. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE ISO APPROACHED
14. Database Reports MRB Metrics SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE PLAN IPI KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM Tools: Balanced Scorecard; 6Sigma; Corrective/Preventive Actions Notification; Audits (System/Process/Product) ; Recognition Program; etc. Project A Project B Project C 2002 2003 2005
15.
16. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE MANAGEMENT
18. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE MANAGEMENT IPI MANAGEMENT REVIEW LEVEL Quality Assurance IPI ENGINEERING REVIEW LEVEL Quality Control IPI – OPERATOR LEVEL Quality Management Effectiveness Efficiency
19. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. When we talk about defects in our factories, we are talking about defective processes. If there’s a defective process, it’s going to turn out defective products. However hard you examine a defective product, it doesn’t improve the process. So we should focus on defective processes. Components move from supplier to supplier in a flow, and unless an excellent control system is in place, it’s impossible to prevent defects from occurring. Teruyuki Minoura, Former President, Toyota Motor Manufacturing, North America
20. IPI KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM COMAKERSHIP SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT Tools: Balanced Scorecard; 6Sigma; Corrective/Preventive Actions Notification; Audits (System/Process/Product) ; Recognition Program; etc. Project A Project B Project C 2002 2003 2005 SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE PLAN Database Reports MRB Metrics Database Reports SCAR Metrics
21. WHAT IS CO-MAKERSHIP ? SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. Its the establishment of a relationship management between Customer and Supplier to achieve the extremely value add and the total customer satisfaction, through: Quality Agreement Lean Supply Chain Just in Time
22. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP
23. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE GUIDE
24. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE AGREEMENT
25. IPI KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM COMAKERSHIP SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT VISUAL FACTORY Tools: Balanced Scorecard; 6Sigma; Corrective/Preventive Actions Notification; Audits (System/Process/Product) ; Recognition Program; etc. Project A Project B Project C 2002 2003 2005 SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. THE PLAN Database Reports MRB Metrics Database Reports SCAR Metrics Housekeeping Visual Aid KanBan Integration Center
26.
27. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. VISUAL AID & CONTROL The Principle is: Can our manager/director walk through the shop floor or office, and recognize if standard work or procedures are being followed?
28. DON’T PUSH, JUST PULL SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. The Principle is: From the inspiration of supermarket - Instead of using a system of estimated replenishment, the store restocks only what has been sold, thereby reducing defective inventories. The KanBan System is the most critical to implement a TPS model . The more inventory a company has,…the less likely they will have what they need. Taiichi Ohno
29. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. DEVELOPING PEOPLE AND PARTNERS Floor Automotive Group Supplier CUSTOMER FOCUS
30. SMART CAR. SMART PEOPLE . SMART COMPANY. SUMMARY “ This is the result of manufacturing science transitions that we have been working on for at least five years” Bill Guggina – Operations Manager Delphi Delco Electronics Systems Kokomo-IN-USA