ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applie.pdf
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ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applied to itself: Less Regulated, Owned by a Single Individual, Subject to lower income taxes, Subject to unlimited liability A Sole Proprietorship is subject to lower income tax in the context that it is not subject to double taxation unlike a corporation. A corporation is subject to both corporate taxes and personal income taxes leviable on shareholder\'s dividends and capital gains. A Sole Proprietorship has limited life and faces difficulties in raising capital. In fact raising capital requires providing personal collateral on behalf of the sole owner. Paradigm Media is under the LLP/LLC corporate structure as owner\'s have limited liability and yet can opt for individual tax payments. Anthony functions under the sole proprietorship structure as the business involves reporting all business related incomes and expenses under his personal tax return Sachit and Shirley function under the partnership system as profits are distributed proportionally. DOX Co. is a coporation with double taxation and open trading of shares in the secondary market(which is evident from the fact that Jack sold his shares in the open market). Solution ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applied to itself: Less Regulated, Owned by a Single Individual, Subject to lower income taxes, Subject to unlimited liability A Sole Proprietorship is subject to lower income tax in the context that it is not subject to double taxation unlike a corporation. A corporation is subject to both corporate taxes and personal income taxes leviable on shareholder\'s dividends and capital gains. A Sole Proprietorship has limited life and faces difficulties in raising capital. In fact raising capital requires providing personal collateral on behalf of the sole owner. Paradigm Media is under the LLP/LLC corporate structure as owner\'s have limited liability and yet can opt for individual tax payments. Anthony functions under the sole proprietorship structure as the business involves reporting all business related incomes and expenses under his personal tax return Sachit and Shirley function under the partnership system as profits are distributed proportionally. DOX Co. is a coporation with double taxation and open trading of shares in the secondary market(which is evident from the fact that Jack sold his shares in the open market)..
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Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small .pdf
Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small or large group of people
,called owners /shareholders ,each of whose liability is limited by shares--subject to laws of the
state in which it operates. It has access to finance through issue of shares in the public It is a
separate legal entity ,distinct from its shareholders.So, unlike ,sole-proprietorships&
partnerships, the shareholders are not personally liable,if the business goes into liquidation.
But,the primary disadvantage of this type of business form is double taxation of earnings &
dividends of the company. ie. Any distribution of profits to shareholders ,is only from after-
tax(corporate tax rate) income of the company. But they are also taxed at the personal level,on
receipt of dividends,at the hands of the shareholders.So, the shareholder is subject to double
taxation . So, ANSWER: b) double taxation
Solution
Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small or large group of people
,called owners /shareholders ,each of whose liability is limited by shares--subject to laws of the
state in which it operates. It has access to finance through issue of shares in the public It is a
separate legal entity ,distinct from its shareholders.So, unlike ,sole-proprietorships&
partnerships, the shareholders are not personally liable,if the business goes into liquidation.
But,the primary disadvantage of this type of business form is double taxation of earnings &
dividends of the company. ie. Any distribution of profits to shareholders ,is only from after-
tax(corporate tax rate) income of the company. But they are also taxed at the personal level,on
receipt of dividends,at the hands of the shareholders.So, the shareholder is subject to double
taxation . So, ANSWER: b) double taxation.
Business Types
Article: https://www.vickyguide.com/blog/business-types/
Video: https://youtu.be/QZkkhY4Hp-Q
1. Corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), general and lim.pdf
resulting solution is acidic as CH3NH3Cl is weak acid.
Solution
resulting solution is acidic as CH3NH3Cl is weak acid..
5. Taxation of Business Entities and their members.pptx
5. Taxation of Business Entities and their members.pptx
Recommended
Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small .pdf
Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small or large group of people
,called owners /shareholders ,each of whose liability is limited by shares--subject to laws of the
state in which it operates. It has access to finance through issue of shares in the public It is a
separate legal entity ,distinct from its shareholders.So, unlike ,sole-proprietorships&
partnerships, the shareholders are not personally liable,if the business goes into liquidation.
But,the primary disadvantage of this type of business form is double taxation of earnings &
dividends of the company. ie. Any distribution of profits to shareholders ,is only from after-
tax(corporate tax rate) income of the company. But they are also taxed at the personal level,on
receipt of dividends,at the hands of the shareholders.So, the shareholder is subject to double
taxation . So, ANSWER: b) double taxation
Solution
Corporate form of business is where an entity is owned by a small or large group of people
,called owners /shareholders ,each of whose liability is limited by shares--subject to laws of the
state in which it operates. It has access to finance through issue of shares in the public It is a
separate legal entity ,distinct from its shareholders.So, unlike ,sole-proprietorships&
partnerships, the shareholders are not personally liable,if the business goes into liquidation.
But,the primary disadvantage of this type of business form is double taxation of earnings &
dividends of the company. ie. Any distribution of profits to shareholders ,is only from after-
tax(corporate tax rate) income of the company. But they are also taxed at the personal level,on
receipt of dividends,at the hands of the shareholders.So, the shareholder is subject to double
taxation . So, ANSWER: b) double taxation.
Business Types
Article: https://www.vickyguide.com/blog/business-types/
Video: https://youtu.be/QZkkhY4Hp-Q
1. Corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), general and lim.pdf
resulting solution is acidic as CH3NH3Cl is weak acid.
Solution
resulting solution is acidic as CH3NH3Cl is weak acid..
5. Taxation of Business Entities and their members.pptx
5. Taxation of Business Entities and their members.pptx
Different Forms of Business Organisations
Several forms of Business Organisations and their functionality, advantages & disadvantages.
Namely Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporations and LLC.
Unit 2 Part 2 (BBA 104: Business Organisation) according to the syllabus of Kanpur University, Kanpur.
Entrepreneurship.docx
As a student of entrepreneurship, critically illustrate and explain the different types of business.
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 1146 AMC CorporationsC .docx
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 11:46 AM
C Corporations
C corporation is a business term that is used to distinguish this type of entity from others, as its profits are taxed separately from its owners under subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code. In an S corporation, the profits are passed on to the shareholders, and are taxed based on personal returns. A regular corporation (also known as a C corporation) is taxed as a separate entity. The corporation must file a Form 1120 each year to report its income and to claim its deductions and credits.
A C corporation can deduct the cost of benefit as a business expense. For example, they can write off the entire costs of health plans established for employees as business expenses. These benefits are tax-free even for those receiving them.
S Corporations
S corporations are corporations that elect to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes. Shareholders of S corporations report the flow-through of income and losses on their personal tax returns and are assessed tax at their individual income tax rates. This allows S corporations to avoid double taxation on the corporate income. S corporations are responsible for tax on certain built-in gains and passive income at the entity level.
The big benefit of S-corp taxation is that S-corporation shareholders do not have to pay self-employment tax on their share of the business’s profits. For example, Larissa is the sole owner of her S-corporation, an advertising agency. Her revenues from the business are $50,000 per year, and her annual expenses (not counting salary) total $10,000. Therefore, her S-corp’s profit for the year (before subtracting her own salary) is $40,000.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)
A limited liability company (LLC) is a corporate structure whereby the members of the company cannot be held personally liable for the company's debts or liabilities. Limited liability companies are essentially hybrid entities that combine the characteristics of a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship
Although LLCs have some attractive features, they also have a number of disadvantages, especially in relation to the structure of a corporation. A LLC has to be dissolved upon the death or bankruptcy of a member, unlike a corporation, which can exist in perpetuity. Also, a LLC may not be a suitable option when the objective of the founder is to eventually become a publicly listed company.
LLC members are considered self-employed business owners rather than employees of the LLC so they are not subject to tax withholding. Instead, each LLC member is responsible for setting aside enough money to pay taxes on that member's share of the profits. The members must estimate the amount of tax they'll owe for the year and make quarterly payments to the IRS.
References:
IRS (2017). S Corporations. Retrieved from https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/s-cor ...
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Incorporating Your Business Is Potentially the Single Most Important Thing A Business Owner Can Do!
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Incorporating Your Business Is Potentially the Single Most Important Thing A Business Owner Can Do!
FORMS OF ORGANIZATION.docx
Discussion of Basic Forms of Business Organization. (Owbership)
Organization → represents a group of people who work together for the achievement of common objective
Understanding Different Types of Organisations
Watch the videos of this content at: https://youtu.be/4m_GJWMCAA4
Match the appropriate business form to the legaltax implications.docx
Match the appropriate business form to the legal/tax implications:
(Points : 10)
Potential Matches:
1 : The least regulated form of business ownership. This firm type is taxed as an individual. Control and liability lies with the proprietor.
2 : Tax exempt corporation that must comply with state and federal regulations and reporting requirements.
3 : Limited Liability Corporation: States recognize this limited liability form (like a corporation) and it has pass-through taxation benefits but allows for different types of members including other corporations. For tax purposes, the Federal government does not recognize this corporation type and requires them to file as either a proprietorship, sole proprietorship or a corporation.
4 : Tax treatment of this corporation is exactly like that of a partnership. The most notable provision of this corporation is that it serves as a conduit for its net income, passing all of its profits or losses through to the individual shareholders, which means that its income is taxed only once at the individual tax rate.
5 : Corporations are subject o more legal, reporting, and financial requirements than other forms of ownership. Before stockholders receive a penny of its net income as dividends, a corporation must pay these taxes at the corporate tax rate, a graduated tax on corporate profits. Then stockholders must pay taxes on the dividends they receive from these same profits at the individual tax rate.
6 : Each agent for the business and can legally bind the firm and, hence, the other agents to contracts, even without the remaining agents' knowledge or consent. Each agent is taxed as an individual based on distributed share of profit from the business.
Answer
.
Post your response to the following focus questionsDescribe a sol.pdf
Post your response to the following focus questions:
Describe a sole proprietorship and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe a partnership and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe a corporation and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe an S corporation and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Solution
Broadly speaking for conducting any type of Business activity we require to have a Business
entity. If the Business entity is owned and operated and managed by a single paerson then such
Business entity is called a sole Proprietorship. It is most simple and subjected to least terms &
conditions governing the business activities. The main disadvantages includes personal liability
of the owner/ propreitor, which is unlimited. A single person being at the helm of affairs poses
limitations on the development and growth of the business. Propreitorship has its death with the
death of the owner.
A Partnership as the word suggest is that form of Business entity which is owned by two or more
persons and formed under an agreement signed by all owners for some common purpose/ goal
and or objectives. A partnership firm is more complicated than the sole propreitorships, two or
more persons as owners may give advatages of sharing resources, knowledge, skills which are
essential for setting up of businesses of sizes unmanageable by a single person. Pooling diversity
of partners helps in the development and growth of the Business entity. Like sole propreitorship,
the partners under partnerships may be subjected to unlimited liabilities under or arising out of
the business activities of the Partnership firm. There are additional set of rules & regulations
under the law of the land governing the partnership firms.
The third and the most prefered form of business entity is an incorporated firm called corporation
and or company. A corporation/ company is different from its owners. This form of business
entity draws difference between the owner and management of the business entity. Unlike the
earlier set ups of Sole Propreitor and Partnership, the business activies are conducted neither by
sole owner nor by partners but managers who are considered to be having different identity than
the business entity which is also considered as a legal person. A corporation can be sued and it
can also sue others in the court of law.A corporation comes into existence with its incorporation
documents such as Memorandum of Understanding, Articles of Associations, Delegation of
Powers etc. These documents required for giving birth to the corporation varies from state to
state, nation to nation, lews of the land under whose jurisdiction it falls. The main advantage of a
corporation is to give limited liability to its owners who are called share holders and its business
activities are conducted by the professionals having required qualifications and skills. Just like its
birth, its death is not related to that of its share holders (owners).
Definition of an LLC: Limited Liability Company
An LLC can be made up of a single partner (one-person company with limited responsibilities), or of several (up to a limit of 100). They can be natural or legal persons (a company can therefore be associated with a Limited Company Registration). The particularity of the LLC for the partners is the limit of losses to the amounts of their contribution. Even if in some cases, which we will see below, this limit can be lifted. In return for their contributions, the partners have the right to vote during meetings and they can participate in decisions in the life of the company.
https://bit.ly/2TF4OhS
Entity Selection for Startups
Entrepreneurs will face a huge number of decisions as they move from concept to commercialization. One of the
first major decisions is what type of legal entity to form in order to move their great ideas forward. Why does it
matter? Because different entities have very different rules regarding limited liability, management and control
flexibility, capital structure, tax efficiency and eligible investors.
Case study company_ forms_080212
Company Forms. Key competence 7: Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship.
Choice of Entity: Matters Startups Should Cogitate When Selecting An Entity S...
One of the foremost decisions a startup founder makes is selecting a corporate entity structure. Each type of entity has its own benefits and drawbacks. Below are questions and answers intended to assist a founder in choosing the most appropriate US corporate structure for his startup.
Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria w.pdf
Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria which are non sporing ,non
acid fast and grammar negative bacilli. They includes Escherichia coli klebsiella,enterobactor
serratia, Proteus,salmonella ,shigella etc They cause meny infections like , urinary tract
infections,meningitis, travellers diarrhoea,desentery,and enteri fever caused by salmonella typhi
Symptoms includes,in urinary tract infection , urinary obstruction,prostate enlargement later in
pregnancy hypertension,perinatal death of gets occurred In bacillary dysentery, frequently
passage of loose ,scanty fever with blood,mucus along with abdominal cramps Enteric
fever,onset is gradually,with headache,abdominal discomfort,step ladder pyrexia with relative
Brady cardiac and toxaemia,hepatomegaly also common Misidentification of bacteria due to
Unable to determine size shape arrangements,motility flagella,spores, capsule of bacteria Error in
staining reactions in differentiation of bacteria Incomplete cultural characters like
elevation,margins,surface, colour, structure, of the culture bacteria May be human error in
determining bacteria Some time instrumental errors found
Solution
Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria which are non sporing ,non
acid fast and grammar negative bacilli. They includes Escherichia coli klebsiella,enterobactor
serratia, Proteus,salmonella ,shigella etc They cause meny infections like , urinary tract
infections,meningitis, travellers diarrhoea,desentery,and enteri fever caused by salmonella typhi
Symptoms includes,in urinary tract infection , urinary obstruction,prostate enlargement later in
pregnancy hypertension,perinatal death of gets occurred In bacillary dysentery, frequently
passage of loose ,scanty fever with blood,mucus along with abdominal cramps Enteric
fever,onset is gradually,with headache,abdominal discomfort,step ladder pyrexia with relative
Brady cardiac and toxaemia,hepatomegaly also common Misidentification of bacteria due to
Unable to determine size shape arrangements,motility flagella,spores, capsule of bacteria Error in
staining reactions in differentiation of bacteria Incomplete cultural characters like
elevation,margins,surface, colour, structure, of the culture bacteria May be human error in
determining bacteria Some time instrumental errors found.
steam distillation is an effective way to separat.pdf
steam distillation is an effective way to separate slightly volatile water insolube
substance from nonvolatile material high boiling liqiuds mean less volatile ( non volatile) one
boiling mixture of water and this( water insoluble liquid and non volatile ) water evaporates
completely leaving pure liquid
Solution
steam distillation is an effective way to separate slightly volatile water insolube
substance from nonvolatile material high boiling liqiuds mean less volatile ( non volatile) one
boiling mixture of water and this( water insoluble liquid and non volatile ) water evaporates
completely leaving pure liquid.
More Related Content
Similar to ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applie.pdf
Different Forms of Business Organisations
Several forms of Business Organisations and their functionality, advantages & disadvantages.
Namely Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporations and LLC.
Unit 2 Part 2 (BBA 104: Business Organisation) according to the syllabus of Kanpur University, Kanpur.
Entrepreneurship.docx
As a student of entrepreneurship, critically illustrate and explain the different types of business.
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 1146 AMC CorporationsC .docx
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 11:46 AM
C Corporations
C corporation is a business term that is used to distinguish this type of entity from others, as its profits are taxed separately from its owners under subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code. In an S corporation, the profits are passed on to the shareholders, and are taxed based on personal returns. A regular corporation (also known as a C corporation) is taxed as a separate entity. The corporation must file a Form 1120 each year to report its income and to claim its deductions and credits.
A C corporation can deduct the cost of benefit as a business expense. For example, they can write off the entire costs of health plans established for employees as business expenses. These benefits are tax-free even for those receiving them.
S Corporations
S corporations are corporations that elect to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes. Shareholders of S corporations report the flow-through of income and losses on their personal tax returns and are assessed tax at their individual income tax rates. This allows S corporations to avoid double taxation on the corporate income. S corporations are responsible for tax on certain built-in gains and passive income at the entity level.
The big benefit of S-corp taxation is that S-corporation shareholders do not have to pay self-employment tax on their share of the business’s profits. For example, Larissa is the sole owner of her S-corporation, an advertising agency. Her revenues from the business are $50,000 per year, and her annual expenses (not counting salary) total $10,000. Therefore, her S-corp’s profit for the year (before subtracting her own salary) is $40,000.
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)
A limited liability company (LLC) is a corporate structure whereby the members of the company cannot be held personally liable for the company's debts or liabilities. Limited liability companies are essentially hybrid entities that combine the characteristics of a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship
Although LLCs have some attractive features, they also have a number of disadvantages, especially in relation to the structure of a corporation. A LLC has to be dissolved upon the death or bankruptcy of a member, unlike a corporation, which can exist in perpetuity. Also, a LLC may not be a suitable option when the objective of the founder is to eventually become a publicly listed company.
LLC members are considered self-employed business owners rather than employees of the LLC so they are not subject to tax withholding. Instead, each LLC member is responsible for setting aside enough money to pay taxes on that member's share of the profits. The members must estimate the amount of tax they'll owe for the year and make quarterly payments to the IRS.
References:
IRS (2017). S Corporations. Retrieved from https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/s-cor ...
Incorporation Powerpoint
Incorporating Your Business Is Potentially the Single Most Important Thing A Business Owner Can Do!
Incorporation Powerpoint
Incorporating Your Business Is Potentially the Single Most Important Thing A Business Owner Can Do!
FORMS OF ORGANIZATION.docx
Discussion of Basic Forms of Business Organization. (Owbership)
Organization → represents a group of people who work together for the achievement of common objective
Understanding Different Types of Organisations
Watch the videos of this content at: https://youtu.be/4m_GJWMCAA4
Match the appropriate business form to the legaltax implications.docx
Match the appropriate business form to the legal/tax implications:
(Points : 10)
Potential Matches:
1 : The least regulated form of business ownership. This firm type is taxed as an individual. Control and liability lies with the proprietor.
2 : Tax exempt corporation that must comply with state and federal regulations and reporting requirements.
3 : Limited Liability Corporation: States recognize this limited liability form (like a corporation) and it has pass-through taxation benefits but allows for different types of members including other corporations. For tax purposes, the Federal government does not recognize this corporation type and requires them to file as either a proprietorship, sole proprietorship or a corporation.
4 : Tax treatment of this corporation is exactly like that of a partnership. The most notable provision of this corporation is that it serves as a conduit for its net income, passing all of its profits or losses through to the individual shareholders, which means that its income is taxed only once at the individual tax rate.
5 : Corporations are subject o more legal, reporting, and financial requirements than other forms of ownership. Before stockholders receive a penny of its net income as dividends, a corporation must pay these taxes at the corporate tax rate, a graduated tax on corporate profits. Then stockholders must pay taxes on the dividends they receive from these same profits at the individual tax rate.
6 : Each agent for the business and can legally bind the firm and, hence, the other agents to contracts, even without the remaining agents' knowledge or consent. Each agent is taxed as an individual based on distributed share of profit from the business.
Answer
.
Post your response to the following focus questionsDescribe a sol.pdf
Post your response to the following focus questions:
Describe a sole proprietorship and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe a partnership and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe a corporation and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Describe an S corporation and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Solution
Broadly speaking for conducting any type of Business activity we require to have a Business
entity. If the Business entity is owned and operated and managed by a single paerson then such
Business entity is called a sole Proprietorship. It is most simple and subjected to least terms &
conditions governing the business activities. The main disadvantages includes personal liability
of the owner/ propreitor, which is unlimited. A single person being at the helm of affairs poses
limitations on the development and growth of the business. Propreitorship has its death with the
death of the owner.
A Partnership as the word suggest is that form of Business entity which is owned by two or more
persons and formed under an agreement signed by all owners for some common purpose/ goal
and or objectives. A partnership firm is more complicated than the sole propreitorships, two or
more persons as owners may give advatages of sharing resources, knowledge, skills which are
essential for setting up of businesses of sizes unmanageable by a single person. Pooling diversity
of partners helps in the development and growth of the Business entity. Like sole propreitorship,
the partners under partnerships may be subjected to unlimited liabilities under or arising out of
the business activities of the Partnership firm. There are additional set of rules & regulations
under the law of the land governing the partnership firms.
The third and the most prefered form of business entity is an incorporated firm called corporation
and or company. A corporation/ company is different from its owners. This form of business
entity draws difference between the owner and management of the business entity. Unlike the
earlier set ups of Sole Propreitor and Partnership, the business activies are conducted neither by
sole owner nor by partners but managers who are considered to be having different identity than
the business entity which is also considered as a legal person. A corporation can be sued and it
can also sue others in the court of law.A corporation comes into existence with its incorporation
documents such as Memorandum of Understanding, Articles of Associations, Delegation of
Powers etc. These documents required for giving birth to the corporation varies from state to
state, nation to nation, lews of the land under whose jurisdiction it falls. The main advantage of a
corporation is to give limited liability to its owners who are called share holders and its business
activities are conducted by the professionals having required qualifications and skills. Just like its
birth, its death is not related to that of its share holders (owners).
Definition of an LLC: Limited Liability Company
An LLC can be made up of a single partner (one-person company with limited responsibilities), or of several (up to a limit of 100). They can be natural or legal persons (a company can therefore be associated with a Limited Company Registration). The particularity of the LLC for the partners is the limit of losses to the amounts of their contribution. Even if in some cases, which we will see below, this limit can be lifted. In return for their contributions, the partners have the right to vote during meetings and they can participate in decisions in the life of the company.
https://bit.ly/2TF4OhS
Entity Selection for Startups
Entrepreneurs will face a huge number of decisions as they move from concept to commercialization. One of the
first major decisions is what type of legal entity to form in order to move their great ideas forward. Why does it
matter? Because different entities have very different rules regarding limited liability, management and control
flexibility, capital structure, tax efficiency and eligible investors.
Case study company_ forms_080212
Company Forms. Key competence 7: Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship.
Choice of Entity: Matters Startups Should Cogitate When Selecting An Entity S...
One of the foremost decisions a startup founder makes is selecting a corporate entity structure. Each type of entity has its own benefits and drawbacks. Below are questions and answers intended to assist a founder in choosing the most appropriate US corporate structure for his startup.
Similar to ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applie.pdf (20)
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 1146 AMC CorporationsC .docx
M4A1 Keno Enriquez posted Mar 5, 2018 1146 AMC CorporationsC .docx
Match the appropriate business form to the legaltax implications.docx
Match the appropriate business form to the legaltax implications.docx
Post your response to the following focus questionsDescribe a sol.pdf
Post your response to the following focus questionsDescribe a sol.pdf
Choice of Entity: Matters Startups Should Cogitate When Selecting An Entity S...
Choice of Entity: Matters Startups Should Cogitate When Selecting An Entity S...
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Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria w.pdf
Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria which are non sporing ,non
acid fast and grammar negative bacilli. They includes Escherichia coli klebsiella,enterobactor
serratia, Proteus,salmonella ,shigella etc They cause meny infections like , urinary tract
infections,meningitis, travellers diarrhoea,desentery,and enteri fever caused by salmonella typhi
Symptoms includes,in urinary tract infection , urinary obstruction,prostate enlargement later in
pregnancy hypertension,perinatal death of gets occurred In bacillary dysentery, frequently
passage of loose ,scanty fever with blood,mucus along with abdominal cramps Enteric
fever,onset is gradually,with headache,abdominal discomfort,step ladder pyrexia with relative
Brady cardiac and toxaemia,hepatomegaly also common Misidentification of bacteria due to
Unable to determine size shape arrangements,motility flagella,spores, capsule of bacteria Error in
staining reactions in differentiation of bacteria Incomplete cultural characters like
elevation,margins,surface, colour, structure, of the culture bacteria May be human error in
determining bacteria Some time instrumental errors found
Solution
Entero pluri assay ,done to detect the enterobacteriaceae bacteria which are non sporing ,non
acid fast and grammar negative bacilli. They includes Escherichia coli klebsiella,enterobactor
serratia, Proteus,salmonella ,shigella etc They cause meny infections like , urinary tract
infections,meningitis, travellers diarrhoea,desentery,and enteri fever caused by salmonella typhi
Symptoms includes,in urinary tract infection , urinary obstruction,prostate enlargement later in
pregnancy hypertension,perinatal death of gets occurred In bacillary dysentery, frequently
passage of loose ,scanty fever with blood,mucus along with abdominal cramps Enteric
fever,onset is gradually,with headache,abdominal discomfort,step ladder pyrexia with relative
Brady cardiac and toxaemia,hepatomegaly also common Misidentification of bacteria due to
Unable to determine size shape arrangements,motility flagella,spores, capsule of bacteria Error in
staining reactions in differentiation of bacteria Incomplete cultural characters like
elevation,margins,surface, colour, structure, of the culture bacteria May be human error in
determining bacteria Some time instrumental errors found.
steam distillation is an effective way to separat.pdf
steam distillation is an effective way to separate slightly volatile water insolube
substance from nonvolatile material high boiling liqiuds mean less volatile ( non volatile) one
boiling mixture of water and this( water insoluble liquid and non volatile ) water evaporates
completely leaving pure liquid
Solution
steam distillation is an effective way to separate slightly volatile water insolube
substance from nonvolatile material high boiling liqiuds mean less volatile ( non volatile) one
boiling mixture of water and this( water insoluble liquid and non volatile ) water evaporates
completely leaving pure liquid.
Nothing, really. Cu has a charge of 3+ or 2+ in .pdf
Nothing, really. Cu has a charge of 3+ or 2+ in its ionic form (dissolved in
solution). Pb has a 2+ charge in ionic form. Because they are two positive ions, there should be
little or no reaction between them.
Solution
Nothing, really. Cu has a charge of 3+ or 2+ in its ionic form (dissolved in
solution). Pb has a 2+ charge in ionic form. Because they are two positive ions, there should be
little or no reaction between them..
2) Starter culture is the culture of microorganisms used to inoculat.pdf
2) Starter culture is the culture of microorganisms used to inoculate media in fermentation
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3) Ganoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms(mushroom species forming fruiting bodies
with pores on the underpart.They are populary refrred as shelf or bracket fungis.They are under
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4) The basic difference between induced mutation, recombinant technology and natural variants
lies in the fact that in both induced mutation and recombinant technology a foreign agent is used
(mutagenic factors like UV rays, X rays etc. for induced mutation and a foreign host DNA for
the recombinant genes) whereas in natural variants the mutations arise naturally and randomly
during sex cells formation.
Solution
2) Starter culture is the culture of microorganisms used to inoculate media in fermentation
process.
For example, in case of production of milk products like curd and cheese, a culture of
lactobacillus is used as starter culture to inoculate the milk.
3) Ganoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms(mushroom species forming fruiting bodies
with pores on the underpart.They are populary refrred as shelf or bracket fungis.They are under
investigation for use in fields such as bioremediation , medicine, etc.
4) The basic difference between induced mutation, recombinant technology and natural variants
lies in the fact that in both induced mutation and recombinant technology a foreign agent is used
(mutagenic factors like UV rays, X rays etc. for induced mutation and a foreign host DNA for
the recombinant genes) whereas in natural variants the mutations arise naturally and randomly
during sex cells formation..
1. What were the organizational benefits for having a cloud computin.pdf
1. What were the organizational benefits for having a cloud computing platform?
sol:cloud computing one of the presenting trendsetted technology which is very much used in
organization
benefits :
1)less capital cost: instead buying the entire storage hardware and maintaining ,its easy to pay
rent for using
others storage area .there are cloud service provider who maintains databases and we can rent
from so its
much cheaper.
2)no hardware implementation , software installation and maintainance
3)it is very easy to access these computing services
risks:
1)hardware security: if the cloud service provide cannot maintains his service properly then there
is
chance of attacking of malware which leads to eatire dataloss
2)privacy:as we are sharing data with the cloud service provider there chance of datatheft so we
need to be
carefull
3) availabity:if there is a problem with the network we cannot access the data which loss of
business
2.What are some of the risks of having all your data in the cloud?
sol:
1)there is a chance of someone can look after your data
2)there is a chance of hacking
3)there is chance of breachinf the data by the insiders
4)governmen intrustion
5)there is no standardization
6)lack of support from the cloud service provider
Solution
1. What were the organizational benefits for having a cloud computing platform?
sol:cloud computing one of the presenting trendsetted technology which is very much used in
organization
benefits :
1)less capital cost: instead buying the entire storage hardware and maintaining ,its easy to pay
rent for using
others storage area .there are cloud service provider who maintains databases and we can rent
from so its
much cheaper.
2)no hardware implementation , software installation and maintainance
3)it is very easy to access these computing services
risks:
1)hardware security: if the cloud service provide cannot maintains his service properly then there
is
chance of attacking of malware which leads to eatire dataloss
2)privacy:as we are sharing data with the cloud service provider there chance of datatheft so we
need to be
carefull
3) availabity:if there is a problem with the network we cannot access the data which loss of
business
2.What are some of the risks of having all your data in the cloud?
sol:
1)there is a chance of someone can look after your data
2)there is a chance of hacking
3)there is chance of breachinf the data by the insiders
4)governmen intrustion
5)there is no standardization
6)lack of support from the cloud service provider.
what is x(4-3x)-7Solutionx(4-3x)-7 is just an algebraic expres.pdf
what is x(4-3x)-7
Solution
x(4-3x)-7 is just an algebraic expression which could be written in alternate form. The part x(4-
3x) could be rewritten like:x*4+x*(-3x) that is 4x-3x^2.
So now the original expression becomes: 4x-3x^2-7. Or
-3x^2+4x-7 in the decreasing powers of x.
-3x^2+4x-7 is second degree polynomial in x with three terms, -3x^2, 4x and -7. A second degry
polynomial is also called a quadratic expresion..
What probability value would complete the following probability dist.pdf
What probability value would complete the following probability distribution? x-3-2-1012
P(x)0.090.21-0.02p0.170.25
Solution
? (x*P(x)) = 1 ......(-3*0.09)+(-2*0.21)+(-1*-0.02)+(0*p)+(1*0.17)+(2*0.25) = 0
........so it is not a probability distribution ... so finding the value of p is meaningless ........
TriggerTrigger is set of statements or stored program which inclu.pdf
Trigger:
Trigger is set of statements or stored program which include sql and pl/sql which will be
automatucally executed when a specific event happened .It is useful in maintaing the data
integrity.This is similar to a stored procedure.Usually we will call the stored procedure explicity
through the code of our application.But we wont call triggers explicitly,it will be invoked by the
oracle implicitly.These triggers will invoke the stored procedures when an event occurs.
like when performing and Data manupulation operations,when executing and DDL operations or
during the database events such as log off,login,shutdown.
If we wrote a trigger which will be called when a particular type of operation is happened on
paticular table.Like If any insert operation is performed,if any update operaation is performed,or
if any deleted operation is performed on particular table then automatically the oracle will
implicitly call the trigger.Collectively we can say when any DML operations happened .
Triggers can be invoked, when a particular user performed any INSERT or ALTER operations
Similarly triggers will invoked when any database events happens like logon,logoff,startup and
shutdown.
Solution
Trigger:
Trigger is set of statements or stored program which include sql and pl/sql which will be
automatucally executed when a specific event happened .It is useful in maintaing the data
integrity.This is similar to a stored procedure.Usually we will call the stored procedure explicity
through the code of our application.But we wont call triggers explicitly,it will be invoked by the
oracle implicitly.These triggers will invoke the stored procedures when an event occurs.
like when performing and Data manupulation operations,when executing and DDL operations or
during the database events such as log off,login,shutdown.
If we wrote a trigger which will be called when a particular type of operation is happened on
paticular table.Like If any insert operation is performed,if any update operaation is performed,or
if any deleted operation is performed on particular table then automatically the oracle will
implicitly call the trigger.Collectively we can say when any DML operations happened .
Triggers can be invoked, when a particular user performed any INSERT or ALTER operations
Similarly triggers will invoked when any database events happens like logon,logoff,startup and
shutdown..
The equation isE = hcL where E is the energy, h is planc.pdf
The equation is
E = h*c/L
where E is the energy, h is planck\'s constant, c is the speed oflight, and L is the wavelength.
b) microwave < IR< visible < UV < X-ray
Solution
The equation is
E = h*c/L
where E is the energy, h is planck\'s constant, c is the speed oflight, and L is the wavelength.
b) microwave < IR< visible < UV < X-ray.
The white matter of the cerebellum is called arbor vitae which means.pdf
The white matter of the cerebellum is called arbor vitae which means tree of life because of the
tree like appearance with branches on cerebellar cross section.
Solution
The white matter of the cerebellum is called arbor vitae which means tree of life because of the
tree like appearance with branches on cerebellar cross section..
The following organs are arranged from anterior to posterior as foll.pdf
The following organs are arranged from anterior to posterior as follows: clitoris, urethral orifice,
vaginal orifice and anus. Woman are having higher frequency of urinary tract infections because
the vaginal orifice and urethral orifice are near to each other. Thus bacteria enter into the vaginal
orifice can go to urethra. Thus causing urinary tract infections.
Solution
The following organs are arranged from anterior to posterior as follows: clitoris, urethral orifice,
vaginal orifice and anus. Woman are having higher frequency of urinary tract infections because
the vaginal orifice and urethral orifice are near to each other. Thus bacteria enter into the vaginal
orifice can go to urethra. Thus causing urinary tract infections..
The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers. this tex.pdf
The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers. this text describes and explains
them, starting with the \'lowest\' within the hierarchy (the physical) and continuing to the
\'highest\' (the application). The layers area unit stacked this way:
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
PHYSICAL LAYER
The physical layer, very cheap layer of the OSI model, worries with the transmission and
reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. It describes the
electrical/optical, mechanical, and useful interfaces to the physical medium, and carries the
signals for all of the upper layers. It provides:
Data encoding: modifies the easy digital signal pattern (1s and 0s) employed by the computer to
higher accommodate the characteristics of the physical medium, and to help in bit and frame
synchronization. It determines:
What signal state represents a binary one
How the receiving station is aware of once a \"bit-time\" starts
How the receiving station delimits a frame
Physical medium attachment, accommodating varied potentialities within the medium:
Will associate degree external transceiver (MAU) be accustomed connect with the medium?
How many pins do the connectors have and what\'s every pin used for?
Transmission technique: determines whether or not the encoded bits are transmitted by baseband
(digital) or broadband (analog) signal.
Physical medium transmission: transmits bits as electrical or optical signals applicable for the
physical medium, and determines:
What physical medium choices will be used
How many volts/db ought to be accustomed represent a given signal state, employing a given
physical medium
DATA LINK LAYER
The data link layer provides error-free transfer of information frames from one node to a
different over the physical layer, permitting layers on top of it to assume just about error-free
transmission over the link. To do this, the info link layer provides:
Link institution and termination: establishes and terminates the logical link between 2 nodes.
Frame traffic control: tells the transmittal node to \"back-off\" once no frame buffers area unit
obtainable.
Frame sequencing: transmits/receives frames consecutive.
Frame acknowledgment: provides/expects frame acknowledgments. Detects and recovers from
errors that occur within the physical layer by retransmitting non-acknowledged frames and
handling duplicate frame receipt.
Frame delimiting: creates and acknowledges frame boundaries.
Frame error checking: checks received frames for integrity.
Media access management: determines once the node \"has the right\" to use the physical
medium.
NETWORK LAYER
The network layer controls the operation of the subnet, deciding that physical path the info ought
to take supported network conditions, priority of service, and different factors. It provides:
Routing: routes frames among networks.
Subnet traffic control: routers (network layer intermediate systems) will instruct a causing
station.
The transition in phosphorescence, from a ground singlet state to a .pdf
The transition in phosphorescence, from a ground singlet state to a excited triplet state is
forbidden, it has a much lower probability ,i.e., a slower rate.
The transition in fluorescence is singlet to singlet (allowed).
Solution
The transition in phosphorescence, from a ground singlet state to a excited triplet state is
forbidden, it has a much lower probability ,i.e., a slower rate.
The transition in fluorescence is singlet to singlet (allowed)..
this is wrong the answer is 2.1 because x is small and doesnt cont.pdf
this is wrong the answer is 2.1 because x is small and doesn\'t contribute to the over molar
equation. so x of H+ ends up being = to Ka. -log of ka = 2.1. also, when X- is = HX, pH = pKa
Solution
this is wrong the answer is 2.1 because x is small and doesn\'t contribute to the over molar
equation. so x of H+ ends up being = to Ka. -log of ka = 2.1. also, when X- is = HX, pH = pKa.
There are four basic principles required by IMA ethical standards,vi.pdf
There are four basic principles required by IMA ethical
standards,viz.Integrity,credibility,competence and confidentiality.The objectivity expected from
a management accountant is related to their obligation to communicate information
correctly,objectively even if this information is not favourable to the requester or
collegues.Management accountant must be incorrectable.Management accountants have the
obligation not to communicate confedential information.
In the given scenario, Mr.Steve must be confidential regarding the obligation entrusted upon him
and should have communicate the findings correctly,objectively even if this not favourable
Solution
There are four basic principles required by IMA ethical
standards,viz.Integrity,credibility,competence and confidentiality.The objectivity expected from
a management accountant is related to their obligation to communicate information
correctly,objectively even if this information is not favourable to the requester or
collegues.Management accountant must be incorrectable.Management accountants have the
obligation not to communicate confedential information.
In the given scenario, Mr.Steve must be confidential regarding the obligation entrusted upon him
and should have communicate the findings correctly,objectively even if this not favourable.
The synthesis of particular gene products is controlled by mechanism.pdf
The synthesis of particular gene products is controlled by mechanisms collectively called gene
regulation. In prokaryotes, some enzymes are synthesized constitutively (i.e., continuously),
indicating that transcription of mRNA is constantly occurring in them. However, other enzymes
are synthesized only when a need for their action arises, and when this need has been fulfilled,
enzyme synthesis stops.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression may occur at three levels :
1. Transcription
2.Translation
3. Post-translation ( folding and processing of proteins).
(i) Chromatin packing is the compression of DNA to fit into a cell for the DNA repair and for
mitosis (the process of cell division in growth in which DNA replication is needed).
(ii) In eukaryotes, in RNA polymerase II -dependent transcription, there are main six
transcription factors are required for the initiation of transcription complex. They are TFIIA,
TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIF, and TFIIH and involved in the initiation of transcription.Transcription
initiation is regulated by additional proteins, known as activators and repressors and, in some
cases, associated coactivators or corepressors which amend function and formation of the
transcription initiation complex.
(iii) Small interfering RNA or siRNA is the most commonly used RNA interference tool for
inducing short-term silencing of protein-coding genes. The siRNA is a synthetic RNA duplex
designed to exclusively target a particular mRNA for degradation.
(iv) The ubiquitin-proteasome system is required for the degradation of intracellular proteins and
thus plays a crucial regulatory role in cellular processes including cell cycle progression,
differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis.
Solution
The synthesis of particular gene products is controlled by mechanisms collectively called gene
regulation. In prokaryotes, some enzymes are synthesized constitutively (i.e., continuously),
indicating that transcription of mRNA is constantly occurring in them. However, other enzymes
are synthesized only when a need for their action arises, and when this need has been fulfilled,
enzyme synthesis stops.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression may occur at three levels :
1. Transcription
2.Translation
3. Post-translation ( folding and processing of proteins).
(i) Chromatin packing is the compression of DNA to fit into a cell for the DNA repair and for
mitosis (the process of cell division in growth in which DNA replication is needed).
(ii) In eukaryotes, in RNA polymerase II -dependent transcription, there are main six
transcription factors are required for the initiation of transcription complex. They are TFIIA,
TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIF, and TFIIH and involved in the initiation of transcription.Transcription
initiation is regulated by additional proteins, known as activators and repressors and, in some
cases, associated coactivators or corepressors which amend function and formation .
Risk assessment is the process which - identify hazards, analyzes an.pdf
Risk assessment is the process which - identify hazards, analyzes and evaluates the risk
associated with that hazard, determines appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard. In
practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look of a workplace to identify those things,
situations, processes, etc that may cause harm, particularly to people. After identification is
made, you evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decide what measures should be in
place to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening.
Risk assessments are not easy and they are not meant to be. If companies could easily identify
and understand all the types of risks to their business and could evaluate how to effectively
mitigate those risks, then the world would be a much more boring place.
Fundamentally, while there are different titles used across formal methodologies, the expected
end result is still the same: to understand what risks exist to your business and have idea solid
understanding of the likelihood and impact of a realized risk.
Too often I see that an information technology or information security team member is assigned
to conduct a risk assessment that naturally, because of their role in the organization, becomes IT
focused. While there are some technology specific risks that are adequately addressed in this
manner, the intent I am focusing on is an organizational risk assessment. Information
security/technology teams usually do not know the business processes and will focus their efforts
on specific threats and technology and then are unable to justify, in business terms, the need for
new security products.
On the other side of the fence, business personnel will know their processes and what data is
important for them, but most likely have little knowledge of the technology supporting their
processes. This can result in “risk reducing” proposals for complicated process changes that may
not be needed if new technical tools can be introduced. Bringing the teams together and bridging
that knowledge gap is a key action to conducting a thorough risk assessment.
To solve this issue, it is best to have a team dedicated to risk management for an organization. As
an organization gets bigger, it may be appropriate to have a team or, or members of a team,
assigned to different business units. While this team may be charged with drafting the formal risk
assessment report(s), the purpose of this team should not be to conduct the risk assessment, but
to bring together the appropriate business and technical stakeholders and facilitate the risk
assessment process.
Whoever is responsible for facilitating the risk assessment should be able to establish with the
organization that protecting data is the primary goal and that all of the people processes,
hardware, software and other technology are tools used to do something with the data. Once the
premise of the assessment is understood and sensitive data elements are identified, then it is time
to .
SolutionWe will assign letters to the first column of graphs and .pdf
Solution
:
We will assign letters to the first column of graphs and consecutivly to the second column of
graphs.
Observation: when constants add to the functions, them same they move in the axis \"y\". In
addition, on having multiplied by the sign less the function, the same one it is invested with
regard to the axis \"x\".
a) The function is the option D.
b)The function is the option F.
c)The function is the option E.
d)The function is the option G.
e)The function is the option C.
f)The function is the option B.
g)The function is the option A.
h)The function is the option H..
Solution Three of the many ways pathogens can cause tissue damage.pdf
Solution
:
Three of the many ways pathogens can cause tissue damage in the host are -
1)Various pathogens like virus disturb the synthesis of genetic material(DNA,RNA). in host
cell.
2)Protein synthesis also affected by the pathogens due to tissue damage in host cell.
3)Pathogens during exit out of the cell affect the physical structure of the cell.
=>Ways in which pathogens subvert or evade the immune system are-
1)Pathogen hide itself in cell like that immune system can not recongnize them.So in this way
they inhabit the activation of immune system.
2)Pathogens deactivate many important cells of immune system which are most harmful to
them..
Legal & Political factors having significant impact on the U.S. rest.pdf
Legal & Political factors having significant impact on the U.S. restaurant industry –
Taxes – Restaurants have a very wide impact by the tax laws and other financial regulations that
include card swipe fees, food donations rules & depreciation (amortization) write offs etc. Tax
credits offered, sales tax and other regulations are to be always known for any changes and its
impact on business. Export & Import laws also have a considerable impact on restaurants.
Human Resource – Proposed wage and immigration laws are the biggest issues for any
restaurants worldwide. Being the leading work opportunity creators, restaurants in the U.S. have
to deal with many workforce related issues such as, health care/insurance, leaves, tip
allowances & union organizing.
Compulsions/Mandates – Nutrition related issues like obesity, diseases, food safety & menu
labeling are among the political factors affecting the restaurants in the U.S. The government has
laid down certain amount of nutrition level required in the food and also the hygiene of the
kitchen area used to cook & also to store food in the restaurants. There are certain mandatory
food products to be listed on the menus of the restaurants.
Helping the environment – Energy initiatives, agricultural policies and packaging restrictions
affect how you do business. Some restaurants view obstacles as opportunities. They’re off-
loading used fryer oil to alternative fuel providers or advertising sustainable use policies that
attract eco-minded customers, such as featuring local produce and products.
McDonald’s in the U.S.
Despite many published reports on fast food industry and child obesity, there is very minimal or
no government intervention in the operations of McDonald’s in the U.S. The political system as
a whole tends to be far more committed to laissez-faire economics and the fast food industry has
an aggressive and concentrated presence in the capital of which McDonald’s plays a very
significant role. The fast food industry is politically savvy enough to avoid or negate any
proposed regulation that can hamper their growth. Thus it has defeated proposed restrictions on
Trans Fat content, proposed soda tax on drinks and policies aiming to control the amount of
sugar, salt and fat in children’s meals.
All countries in which McDonald’s operates, has some form of public health inspection systems
with regards to restaurants and food producers. In U.S. it is the Food and Drug Administration.
Every employee with food handling capabilities must take part in the food hygiene training at the
company’s expense. McDonald’s adds additional controls to those required by the health
agencies. Even their website states “there are at least 70 checks on beef and chicken every day.
Due to this, their dedication to food safety over and above of what is required by the law is used
as a marketing tool, to emphasize their commitment to quality. McDonald’s also adheres to the
number of employment laws in U.S., including those .
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By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaUnit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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- 1. ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applied to itself: Less Regulated, Owned by a Single Individual, Subject to lower income taxes, Subject to unlimited liability A Sole Proprietorship is subject to lower income tax in the context that it is not subject to double taxation unlike a corporation. A corporation is subject to both corporate taxes and personal income taxes leviable on shareholder's dividends and capital gains. A Sole Proprietorship has limited life and faces difficulties in raising capital. In fact raising capital requires providing personal collateral on behalf of the sole owner. Paradigm Media is under the LLP/LLC corporate structure as owner's have limited liability and yet can opt for individual tax payments. Anthony functions under the sole proprietorship structure as the business involves reporting all business related incomes and expenses under his personal tax return Sachit and Shirley function under the partnership system as profits are distributed proportionally. DOX Co. is a coporation with double taxation and open trading of shares in the secondary market(which is evident from the fact that Jack sold his shares in the open market). Solution ASole Proprietorship would have the following characteristics applied to itself: Less Regulated, Owned by a Single Individual, Subject to lower income taxes, Subject to unlimited liability A Sole Proprietorship is subject to lower income tax in the context that it is not subject to double taxation unlike a corporation. A corporation is subject to both corporate taxes and personal income taxes leviable on shareholder's dividends and capital gains. A Sole Proprietorship has limited life and faces difficulties in raising capital. In fact raising capital requires providing personal collateral on behalf of the sole owner. Paradigm Media is under the LLP/LLC corporate structure as owner's have limited liability and yet can opt for individual tax payments. Anthony functions under the sole proprietorship structure as the business involves reporting all business related incomes and expenses under his personal tax return Sachit and Shirley function under the partnership system as profits are distributed proportionally. DOX Co. is a coporation with double taxation and open trading of shares in the secondary market(which is evident from the fact that Jack sold his shares in the open market).