This document provides an introduction and overview of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It begins with an acknowledgment and thanks to God for allowing the completion of the paper. The document then outlines the table of contents and chapters to follow, including introductions, discussions of definitions, etiologies, pathophysiologies, clinical manifestations, and conclusions. The author expresses gratitude for any feedback to improve the document and help nursing students understand these endocrine diseases and appropriate nursing care.

1. FOREWORD
Praise and gratitude we panjatkan the presence of God Almighty for all his
grace so that safety and health working paper entitled " Hyperthyroidism " can be
arranged.
The book is expected to meet the safety and health of work duties and I say a
lot of thanks to Ardhiana Juliana Velasquez m. Kes
Hopefully this paper can be beneficial to readers. But I am sure that this book is a lot
of drawbacks, therefore I as the author of this paper to expect criticism and
suggestions in order to mengefaluasi this paper so that the construction can be
perfect again.

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................. 1
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................ 2
BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................. 3
BAB II PEMBAHASAN.............................................................................. 4
BAB III KESIMPULAN............................................................................. 12
DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................ 13

3. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background
Endocrine diseases (hipertiroiditisme and hypothyroidism) is a parasitic disease of
the thyroid gland in which the disease will make the sufferer feel bothered to
implement because of the disease. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which excess
hormone secretion occur thyroid and Hypothyroidism is decreased secretion of
hormone the thyroid gland as a result of the failure of the thyroid gland in
compensation mechanisms meet the needs of the body's tissues are thyroid
hormones.
B. Purpose Of Making Paper
In order for students as prospective nurses can know and understand basic concepts
about endocrine diseases (hipertiroiditisme and hipotiroiditisme) and also understand
the image of nursing care to do

4. CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
A. DEFINITIONS
Hyperthyroidism is described as a condition in which excess secretion of thyroid
hormone occurs. Tirotoksikosis appear on the clinical manifestations that occurred
when tubuhb in the chain by increasing this hormone stimulation. Hipertiroiddisme is
an endocrine disorder that can be prevented. Like most of the thyroid gland, this
disorder is a disorder that is very prominent in women. The disorder causes women
4 times more than in men, especially young women aged between 20 and 40 years
old.
Hypothyroidism is a decrease in the secretion of hormone the thyroid gland as a
result of the failure of the thyroid gland in compensation mechanisms meet the
growth of tissue will be kebut hormone-thyroid hormone.
B. ETIOLOGY
Causes of Hyperthyroidism, including:
1. Over the whole function gland.
2. migedema Treatment with thyroid hormone excess.
toxic nodular Goiter.
4. toxic Adenoma (benign)

5. 5. thyroid Carcinoma
6. Tiroiditis sub acute and chronic
7. Thyroid Hormone Ingesti
Causes of Hypothyroidism include:
1. removal of the thyroid gland
2. tirotoksitosis Treatment with RAI
3. chronic infection of the thyroid gland
4. thyroid gland atrophy idiopathic nature
C. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by loss of normal secretion of thyroid hormone
treatment (TH). Because the work of TH on the body is stimulated, then occurs
hipermetabolisme, which increases the activity of the nervous system, sympathetic
dystrophy. Excessive amount of TH menstimuli system kardida and increase the
number of beta-adrenergic receptors. This state of affairs leads to increased
precipitation and heart tachycardia, adrenergic sekuncup volume, sensitivity, and
peripheral blood flow. Metabolism is increased, leading to a negative nitrogen
balance, depletion of fat and the end result of a deficiency of nutrients.
Hyperthyroidism also occurred in the secretion and changes of metabolism, pituitary
hormone hipotalamik and gonads. If hyperthyroidism occurs before the pubertasi, will
result in delays in sexual development in both sexes, but at puberty result in
decreased libido in both men and women. After puberty female will also show the
manifest irregularity of menses and decreased fertility.
2. Hypothyroidism

6. The prevalence of patients with hypothyroidism is increased by the age of 30 to 60
years, 4 times the incidence rate in women than men. Congenital hypothyroidism
found one person at 4 thousand disorders live.
If the production of the thyroid hormen not adekuat then the thyroid gland will
berkompensasi to improve sekresinya in response to the hormone TSH stimulation.
Decrease of serkersi hormone thyroid gland will lower basal metabolic rate affects all
body system aka.
A decrease in thyroid hormone metabolism fat would also be disturbed where there
will be increased levels of cholesterol and trigeliserida so that the client could
potentially experience atherosklerosit. Proteoglicang hidrophilik accumulation in the
pleural cavity-like interstitial cavities, as a sign of cardiac and abdominal mikedema.
The formation of erythrocytes is not optimal as the impact of the menurunya
hormone thyroid allows clients experiencing enemi.
E. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Early symptoms of hypothyroidism are not specific, but extreme fatigue can
menyababkan penderitannya to execute the full daily work or participate in activities
that are customarily done, reports about the presence of hair loss, brittle nails and
dry skin are often found, sometimes the sound becomes coarser, and patients
complain that raucous voice meungkin. Menstrual disorders such as menorhagia or
amenorrhea may occur in addition to the loss of libido.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism sufferer who has developed further will show the group
the typical signs and symptoms (sometimes called tirotoksis). The symptoms are
often found in the form of anxiety. Sufferers are often easily aroused emotionally
(hipereksitabel), iritabel and continue to feel worried; they can't sit still; suffering from
palpitations; and abnormal pulse quickly found at the time of the activities and the
rest. Tirotoksis sufferers are not heat resistant and continue sweating is not
uncommon; sufferers often reddish skin (flusing) with a typical salmon color and tend
to feel warm, tender and moist. Nevertheless, elderly patients may report a skin that
is dry and pruritus are spread. Tremor in hands can be seen. Patients can exhibit
eksfostalmos (protruding eyes) which shows facial expressions like surprise.

7. CHAPTER III
COVER
A. Conclusions

8. Hyperthyroidism is described as a condition in which excess hormone secretion
occur thyroid and Hypothyroidism is decreased secretion of hormone the thyroid
gland as a result of the failure of the thyroid gland in compensation mechanisms
meet the growth of tissue will be kebut hormone-thyroid hormone.
B. feedback
As compilers, we feel grateful and proud to be able to resolve this with a paper in
such a way, however, this paper is far from perfect as the perfect paper. Therefore,
we as authors invoke criticism and suggestions from readers because we realize
there is no perfect thing on the face of the Earth, saying "there is no ivory does not
crack", except Allah.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

9. Rumahorbo, hotma. 1999. the nursing care of clients with disorders of the endocrine
system. Bandung: EGC.
Syaifudin. 2006. The Anatomy Physiology. Jakarta: EGC
Carpenitto, Lynda Juall. 1999. the care Plans and Nursing Documentation. EGC:
Jakarta.
Shuddath, Brunner. 2001. Medical Surgical Nursing –. Vol. 2. EGC: Jakarta.