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The study tested the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared to supportive therapy in treating symptoms of internet gaming disorder (IGD) such as impulsivity, anxiety, avoidance, and family/environmental problems. 101 patients received 14 sessions of CBT while 104 received supportive therapy until 14 visits. More patients in the CBT group showed improvement in IGD symptoms, internet addiction, attention, impulsivity, depression, anxiety, and social avoidance compared to the supportive therapy group. The authors conclude that CBT is more effective than supportive therapy for treating IGD. However, limitations include lack of randomization and not controlling for medication effects.
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Running head UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1.docx
Running head: UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 9
Untreated ADHD can increase Criminal Behavior
Jailya Wooden
Walden University
April 4, 2020
Introduction
The treatment of ADHD and the approaches to be employed are reliant on several factors including the age of the individuals suffering the disease, whether to be employed with other approaches and the comorbidities present. ADHD is a major issue in public health and can have negative effects on the families of the patient and society as a whole. As such, understanding the underlying factors of ADHD, its diagnosis and treatment approaches is crucial to how well the condition will be dealt with in the future. This paper looks into six research articles as part of the Capstone project and their studies of ADHD related subjects.
Articles Synthesis
According to Lücke et al., 2017, CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy is characterized as the standard type of psychotherapy administered in adults suffering ADHD. The article recognizes that biological factors including chronic negative feedback during childhood can play a role in the characterization of ADHD as a developmental disorder and these cannot be addressed substantially using CBT. The article looks into schema therapy which has recently become popular for use as a therapy approach when it comes to chronic psychiatric disorders due to its effectiveness. The therapy is centered on the targeting and identification of beliefs and dysfunctional patterns that are formed from experiences during childhood and encapsulated as early maladaptive schemas. The article also looks into studies that were used to demonstrate the increased prevalence of these schemas in ADHD suffering adults. As such, it analyzes the effectiveness and utilization of schema therapy and its potential in utilizing maladaptive schemas to treat ADHD. The effectiveness of the approach is bolstered when there are the influence and existence of secondary problems including impaired self-perception and poor coping mechanisms (Lücke et al., 2017). The article also cites the importance of conducting controlled randomized clinical studies to support the adoption of the approach and the analysis of its effectiveness in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.
According to Pan et al., 2019, the article looks into a study that compares CBT alone to its combination with medication in terms of cognitive and social functions, self-esteem, emotional symptoms and core symptoms in patients suffering ADHD. The study provides proof that CBT is an effective approach when it comes to treating ADHD regardless of whether it is employed with medication or not. There were, however, broader improvements when CBT was employed with medication in executive function but not in clinical symptoms, as compared to the use of CBT alone. This would, therefore, provide a scientific basis for the clinical selection of tr.
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docx
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE12Implications for Trauma-In
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE 12Implications for Trauma-Informed Care: Adverse Childhood Trauma and Dissociation in the Lives of Male Offenders
Takia Owens
South University
CNS 6529 Research and Evaluation
Dr. Dan
3/8/2022
Abstract
Psychological abuse, household dysfunction, neglect, and physical abuse are examples of adverse childhood trauma. However, in efforts to support trauma-informed care for male offenders, the relationship between these adverse childhood traumatic events and dissociation must be determined. This study will utilize a qualitative research approach as well as a correlational research design. The study will include 30 participants drawn from Broad River and Lee county correction for the study.
Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic events that occur in children aged 0 to 18, even before born in my opinion. An emotional abuse, a household dysfunction, neglect, and a physical abuse are examples of traumatic events. Adverse childhood trauma has long-term consequences in an individual's life, resulting in higher levels of dissociation. This disassociation is more pronounced in male offenders. These negative childhood experiences are also one of the factors that contributed to the crimes committed by these individuals. However, more research is needed to determine how these adverse childhood traumas relate to the dissociation in male offenders.
This relationship will be critical in informing the provision of trauma-informed care to these offenders. Trauma is described as a traumatic occurrence that threatens one's or others' bodily or psychological well-being and causes feelings of fear, helplessness, or shock (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bloom, 2013). Traumatic events have been a part of human life since the beginning of time. Severe accidents, violence, personal assaults, or natural disasters could all be examples. Various historical events illustrate the various forms of trauma that can occur in human life. These experiences have resulted in the creation of numerous trauma sources that have improved human knowledge of trauma. Human beings, on the other hand, are still subjected to trauma that affects their emotional, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being.
Physical attack, combat, accidents, and human or natural disasters have all resulted in males experiencing trauma. Most men live in diverse cities are affected by violent trauma. The previous study on this found that gun, violence, and drug crimes were more rampant among the repeat victims of violence as compared to those that were accidentally injured (Coope.et-al, 2000). TIC is focused on an increasing understanding of the adverse effects of psychological trauma.
Trauma-informed care has been shown to enhance criminal responsiveness to evidence-based cognitive behavioral treatment, which minimi ...
Recommended
Running head UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1.docx
Running head: UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
UNTREATED ADHD CAN INCREASE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 9
Untreated ADHD can increase Criminal Behavior
Jailya Wooden
Walden University
April 4, 2020
Introduction
The treatment of ADHD and the approaches to be employed are reliant on several factors including the age of the individuals suffering the disease, whether to be employed with other approaches and the comorbidities present. ADHD is a major issue in public health and can have negative effects on the families of the patient and society as a whole. As such, understanding the underlying factors of ADHD, its diagnosis and treatment approaches is crucial to how well the condition will be dealt with in the future. This paper looks into six research articles as part of the Capstone project and their studies of ADHD related subjects.
Articles Synthesis
According to Lücke et al., 2017, CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy is characterized as the standard type of psychotherapy administered in adults suffering ADHD. The article recognizes that biological factors including chronic negative feedback during childhood can play a role in the characterization of ADHD as a developmental disorder and these cannot be addressed substantially using CBT. The article looks into schema therapy which has recently become popular for use as a therapy approach when it comes to chronic psychiatric disorders due to its effectiveness. The therapy is centered on the targeting and identification of beliefs and dysfunctional patterns that are formed from experiences during childhood and encapsulated as early maladaptive schemas. The article also looks into studies that were used to demonstrate the increased prevalence of these schemas in ADHD suffering adults. As such, it analyzes the effectiveness and utilization of schema therapy and its potential in utilizing maladaptive schemas to treat ADHD. The effectiveness of the approach is bolstered when there are the influence and existence of secondary problems including impaired self-perception and poor coping mechanisms (Lücke et al., 2017). The article also cites the importance of conducting controlled randomized clinical studies to support the adoption of the approach and the analysis of its effectiveness in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.
According to Pan et al., 2019, the article looks into a study that compares CBT alone to its combination with medication in terms of cognitive and social functions, self-esteem, emotional symptoms and core symptoms in patients suffering ADHD. The study provides proof that CBT is an effective approach when it comes to treating ADHD regardless of whether it is employed with medication or not. There were, however, broader improvements when CBT was employed with medication in executive function but not in clinical symptoms, as compared to the use of CBT alone. This would, therefore, provide a scientific basis for the clinical selection of tr.
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docx
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE12Implications for Trauma-In
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE 12Implications for Trauma-Informed Care: Adverse Childhood Trauma and Dissociation in the Lives of Male Offenders
Takia Owens
South University
CNS 6529 Research and Evaluation
Dr. Dan
3/8/2022
Abstract
Psychological abuse, household dysfunction, neglect, and physical abuse are examples of adverse childhood trauma. However, in efforts to support trauma-informed care for male offenders, the relationship between these adverse childhood traumatic events and dissociation must be determined. This study will utilize a qualitative research approach as well as a correlational research design. The study will include 30 participants drawn from Broad River and Lee county correction for the study.
Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic events that occur in children aged 0 to 18, even before born in my opinion. An emotional abuse, a household dysfunction, neglect, and a physical abuse are examples of traumatic events. Adverse childhood trauma has long-term consequences in an individual's life, resulting in higher levels of dissociation. This disassociation is more pronounced in male offenders. These negative childhood experiences are also one of the factors that contributed to the crimes committed by these individuals. However, more research is needed to determine how these adverse childhood traumas relate to the dissociation in male offenders.
This relationship will be critical in informing the provision of trauma-informed care to these offenders. Trauma is described as a traumatic occurrence that threatens one's or others' bodily or psychological well-being and causes feelings of fear, helplessness, or shock (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bloom, 2013). Traumatic events have been a part of human life since the beginning of time. Severe accidents, violence, personal assaults, or natural disasters could all be examples. Various historical events illustrate the various forms of trauma that can occur in human life. These experiences have resulted in the creation of numerous trauma sources that have improved human knowledge of trauma. Human beings, on the other hand, are still subjected to trauma that affects their emotional, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being.
Physical attack, combat, accidents, and human or natural disasters have all resulted in males experiencing trauma. Most men live in diverse cities are affected by violent trauma. The previous study on this found that gun, violence, and drug crimes were more rampant among the repeat victims of violence as compared to those that were accidentally injured (Coope.et-al, 2000). TIC is focused on an increasing understanding of the adverse effects of psychological trauma.
Trauma-informed care has been shown to enhance criminal responsiveness to evidence-based cognitive behavioral treatment, which minimi ...
REVIEW ARTICLEInternet-based cognitive behaviour therapy f.docx
REVIEW ARTICLE
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms
of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
VIOLA SPEK1 ,2*, PIM CUIJPERS 3, IVAN NYKLÍČEK1, HELEEN RIPER4,
JULES KEYZER 2 A N D VICTOR POP 1,2
1 Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; 2 Diagnostic Centre Eindhoven,
The Netherlands; 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
4 Trimbos-instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
Background. We studied to what extent internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
programs for symptoms of depression and anxiety are effective.
Method. A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.
Results. The effects of internet-based CBT were compared to control conditions in 13 contrast
groups with a total number of 2334 participants. A meta-analysis on treatment contrasts resulted in
a moderate to large mean effect size [fixed effects analysis (FEA) d=0.40, mixed effects analysis
(MEA) d=0.60] and significant heterogeneity. Therefore, two sets of post hoc subgroup analyses
were carried out. Analyses on the type of symptoms revealed that interventions for symptoms of
depression had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.27, MEA d=0.32) and significant heterogeneity.
Further analyses showed that one study could be regarded as an outlier. Analyses without this study
showed a small mean effect size and moderate, non-significant heterogeneity. Interventions for
anxiety had a large mean effect size (FEA and MEA d=0.96) and very low heterogeneity. When
examining the second set of subgroups, based on therapist assistance, no significant heterogeneity
was found. Interventions with therapist support (n=5) had a large mean effect size, while inter-
ventions without therapist support (n=6) had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.24, MEA
d=0.26).
Conclusions. In general, effect sizes of internet-based interventions for symptoms of anxiety were
larger than effect sizes for depressive symptoms; however, this might be explained by differences
in the amount of therapist support.
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a widely
used and effective form of therapy for a wide
range of psychological disorders, including
depression and anxiety disorders (Hollon et al.
2006). In the industrialized societies, the internet
has become integrated into the daily lives of
a large part of the population. The number of
people using the internet is still rising. Internet
use has even spread among the groups that
are not usually the first to use a new technology,
namely women, elderly people and minority
groups (Lamerichs, 2003). The expansion of the
internet offers new treatment opportunities.
CBT is very suitable for adaptation to a com-
puter format. It is a structured treatment ap-
proach with the aim of developing new types of
behaviour and cognition.
Internet-based CBT has advantages over tra-
ditional CBT for both clients ...
Week 8 Sample Section ExampleWritten by Jennifer Oddy, Entitled.docx
Week 8 Sample Section Example
Written by Jennifer Oddy, Entitled: Distress And Coping of Mothers of Children With Muscular Dystrophy
Sampling Method, Sample, and Setting
Sampling method. The participants will be recruited by criterion purposive sampling by their doctors/nurses at the Muscular Dystrophy Association clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital.
Sample. Inclusion criteria are the following: (1) You are 21 years of age or greater; (2) are the mother of a child with muscular dystrophy; (3) your child is aged between 4 and 17 and was 10 years or younger at their first physical assessment by a primary care provider; (4) you provide roughly 75% or more of the home care for the child.
People will not be eligible for this study if they: (1) have been diagnosed with a mental health disorder (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or have a physical addiction to drugs or alcohol); (2) if the child is currently residing in a long-term care facility.
The sample size will ideally be about 10 participants. Phenomenological studies tend to rely on very small samples, since there is one guiding principle for selecting the sample: all participants must have experienced the phenomenon and must be able to articulate what it is like to have lived the experience (Polit & Beck, 2012). Data will be collected until saturation is accomplished.
Setting. The proposed setting for this study is at the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital located at 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA. There are two directors at the clinic, an orthopedic, and a pediatric neurologist. The team members include a social worker, physical therapist, and a genetic counselor. The number of patients at the clinic cannot be disclosed, however, Boston Children’s Hospital is considered an elite clinic and is included in the MDA network that supports clinical trials and research. The hospital offers the highest level of diagnostic and treatment services, with neurologists and other specialists being very experienced in treating children with muscular dystrophy.
Informed consent and ethical considerations
Before enrolling participants in this study, an informed consent must be signed and approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB, Appendix A). This will be obtained from the Muscular Dystrophy Association clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital, as well as from Regis College. An application and proposal will be sent to the IRB, requesting approval for this study. Since there is minimal risk to subjects, an expedited review will be requested (Polit & Beck, 2012). There is a risk that the participant may have feelings of discomfort while discussing the experiences of caring for a child with muscular dystrophy. This will be minimized by the researcher with empathy and compassion. If the participant would like counseling, a call will be made to their primary care provider.
There are no foreseen ethical issues involved in this research study. The interviews will be ta ...
International Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research
International Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric ResearchSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Background: The numbers of caregivers burdened by dementia is increasing. Depression is also found more in this group and
causes higher morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of depression among Thai family caregivers in order to develop effective interventions in primary care Methods: A total of 177 participants were recruited in primary care setting. They were assessed for sociodemographic data, health status, caregiver burden and depressive symptoms measured by Charlsons Comorbidities (CCI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. The data for dementia patients included severity and functional status. Depression was defi ned as PHQ-9 ≥ 9. Multivariate linear regression model was applied to assess the independent relationship between possible risk factors and risk of depression.Mechanisms Underlying Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment
Mechanisms Underlying Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment
versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Usual Care for
Smoking Cessation
Claire Adams Spears1, Donald Hedeker2, Liang Li3, Cai Wu3, Natalie K. Anderson4, Sean C.
Houchins4, Christine Vinci5, Diana Stewart Hoover3, Jennifer Irvin Vidrine6, Paul M.
Cinciripini3, Andrew J. Waters7, and David W. Wetter8
1Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
2The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
4The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
5Rice University, Houston, TX
6Stephenson Cancer Center and The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma
City, OK
7Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington, DC
8University of Utah and the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
Abstract
Objective—To examine cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying Mindfulness-Based
Addiction Treatment (MBAT) versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Usual Care (UC)
for smoking cessation.
Method—Participants in the parent study from which data were drawn (N = 412; 54.9% female;
48.2% African-American, 41.5% non-Latino White, 5.4% Latino, 4.9% other; 57.6% annual
income < $30,000) were randomized to MBAT (n = 154), CBT (n = 155), or UC (n = 103). From
quit date through 26 weeks post-quit, participants completed measures of emotions, craving,
dependence, withdrawal, self-efficacy, and attentional bias. Biochemically-confirmed 7-day
smoking abstinence was assessed at 4 and 26 weeks post-quit. Although the parent study did not
find a significant treatment effect on abstinence, mixed-effects regression models were conducted
to examine treatment effects on hypothesized mechanisms, and indirect effects of treatments on
abstinence were tested.
Results—Participants receiving MBAT perceived greater volitional control over smoking and
evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both other treatments. However, there were
no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT. Compared to those receiving UC,
MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence, as
Corresponding Author: Claire Adams Spears, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Health Promotion & Behavior, School of Public
Health, Georgia State University; [email protected]; Phone: 404.413.9335.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
J Consult Clin Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 November 01.
Published in final edited form as:
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017 November ; 85(11): 1029–1040. doi:10.1037/ccp0000229.
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well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking. Indirect effects of
MBAT versus UC on abstinence occurred through each of these mechanisms.
Conclusions—Whereas se ...
FACTORS AFFECTING GRADE 9 STUDENTS' EMOTIONAL DISTRESS IN THE NEW LEARNING M...
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ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
Original paper parents’ experiences of home based applied b
Original paper parents’ experiences of home based applied b
SIRS conference 2018
Poster presented for the iRELATE study at the Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference 2018, 4th to the 8th of April
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ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
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Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
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To view our other Research Maps go to: http://psychfutures.ning.com/page/research
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelines
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelines. Be sure to provide a link to the article.
Habigzang, L. F., Aimèe Schneider, J., Petroli Frizzo, R., & Pinto Pizarro de Freitas, C. (2018). Evaluation of the impact of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for women in domestic violence situations in Brazil. Universitas Psychologica, 17(3), 52-62.
Stallard, P. (2022). Evidence-based practice in cognitive–behavioral therapy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 107(2), 109-113
Identify the therapy that you chose.
I chose Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its application in Ella’s case study. CBT focuses on identifying the root causes of harmful behavior. This therapeutic approach aims to identify the various biases brought about by these unhelpful methods of thinking and find ways to deal with the issues the patient is facing (Stallard, 2022).
Briefly paraphrase, in 2–3 sentences, the methodological context (i.e., research method, how data was collected, and the instruments used) of the study and the findings.
Habigzang et al. (2018) did a study to evaluate CBT’s impact on survivors of domestic violence in Brazil. As one of the ways to assist these survivors, the researchers utilized CBT to help these women, who were also dealing with psychiatric disorders such as PTSD, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse as a result of domestic abuse. CBT was used to negate the impacts of the violence. The researchers utilized the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) technique to assess the effects of CBT on the sample to determine the effectiveness of the treatment approach (Habigzang et al., 2018). They performed a pre-test evaluation, which was followed by the use of CBT, and then a post-test evaluation on 11 participants. The study initially had 120 participants, but several participants were ineligible for the study due to inconsistent attending sessions and cognitive hindrances. The study identified that CBT was very effective in helping the clients to deal with the psychological effects of the abuse (Habigzang et al., 2018).
Explain how the findings are applicable or appropriate for the client in your case study.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be beneficial to Ella. It can help Ella deal with the post-traumatic stress disorder she may be dealing with due to the verbal, psychological, and physical abuse she has dealt with in the past (Stallard, 2022). According to the report, she has begun exhibiting signs of acute distress and trauma, which could be signs of PTSD. CBT can be beneficial in helping Ella deal with this PTSD and helping her learn to cope with the past traumas she has experienced.
Determine whether you would use or not use the therapy you selected for the client in your selected case study (consider how culturally relevant it is, how aligned it is with social work ethics, etc.) and explain why.
While working with Ella, I would use cognitive behavioral therapy as one of the treatment approaches. This i ...
FIN 351 Assignment 3Q1. Core Inc. borrowed a loan of $4,500,00
FIN 351 Assignment 3
Q1. Core Inc. borrowed a loan of $4,500,000 at 10% for 25 years term with 3% prepayment penalty five years ago. Recently, a new loan is available at contract rate of 8.5% for 20 years with 4% origination fees. Should Core Inc. refinance now if the discount rate is 6.5%? (2 points)
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A. decline
B. increase
C. remain the same
D. become zero
Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety
in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeffrey J. Wood, PhD; Philip C. Kendall, PhD; Karen S. Wood, PhD; Connor M. Kerns, PhD;
Michael Seltzer, PhD; Brent J. Small, PhD; Adam B. Lewin, PhD; Eric A. Storch, PhD
IMPORTANCE Anxiety is common among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often
interfering with adaptive functioning. Psychological therapies are commonly used to treat
school-aged youth with ASD; their efficacy has not been established.
OBJECTIVE To compare the relative efficacy of 2 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs
and treatment as usual (TAU) to assess treatment outcomes on maladaptive and interfering
anxiety in children with ASD. The secondary objectives were to assess treatment outcomes
on positive response, ASD symptom severity, and anxiety-associated adaptive functioning.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial began recruitment in
April 2014 at 3 universities in US cities. A volunteer sample of children (7-13 years) with ASD
and maladaptive and interfering anxiety was randomized to standard-of-practice CBT,
CBT adapted for ASD, or TAU. Independent evaluators were blinded to groupings. Data
were collected through January 2017 and analyzed from December 2018 to February 2019.
INTERVENTIONS The main features of standard-of-practice CBT were affect recognition,
reappraisal, modeling/rehearsal, in vivo exposure tasks, and reinforcement. The CBT
intervention adapted for ASD was similar but also addressed social communication and
self-regulation challenges with perspective-taking training and behavior-analytic techniques.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure per a priori hypotheses was
the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Seco ...
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REVIEW ARTICLEInternet-based cognitive behaviour therapy f.docx
REVIEW ARTICLE
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms
of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
VIOLA SPEK1 ,2*, PIM CUIJPERS 3, IVAN NYKLÍČEK1, HELEEN RIPER4,
JULES KEYZER 2 A N D VICTOR POP 1,2
1 Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; 2 Diagnostic Centre Eindhoven,
The Netherlands; 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
4 Trimbos-instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
Background. We studied to what extent internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
programs for symptoms of depression and anxiety are effective.
Method. A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.
Results. The effects of internet-based CBT were compared to control conditions in 13 contrast
groups with a total number of 2334 participants. A meta-analysis on treatment contrasts resulted in
a moderate to large mean effect size [fixed effects analysis (FEA) d=0.40, mixed effects analysis
(MEA) d=0.60] and significant heterogeneity. Therefore, two sets of post hoc subgroup analyses
were carried out. Analyses on the type of symptoms revealed that interventions for symptoms of
depression had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.27, MEA d=0.32) and significant heterogeneity.
Further analyses showed that one study could be regarded as an outlier. Analyses without this study
showed a small mean effect size and moderate, non-significant heterogeneity. Interventions for
anxiety had a large mean effect size (FEA and MEA d=0.96) and very low heterogeneity. When
examining the second set of subgroups, based on therapist assistance, no significant heterogeneity
was found. Interventions with therapist support (n=5) had a large mean effect size, while inter-
ventions without therapist support (n=6) had a small mean effect size (FEA d=0.24, MEA
d=0.26).
Conclusions. In general, effect sizes of internet-based interventions for symptoms of anxiety were
larger than effect sizes for depressive symptoms; however, this might be explained by differences
in the amount of therapist support.
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a widely
used and effective form of therapy for a wide
range of psychological disorders, including
depression and anxiety disorders (Hollon et al.
2006). In the industrialized societies, the internet
has become integrated into the daily lives of
a large part of the population. The number of
people using the internet is still rising. Internet
use has even spread among the groups that
are not usually the first to use a new technology,
namely women, elderly people and minority
groups (Lamerichs, 2003). The expansion of the
internet offers new treatment opportunities.
CBT is very suitable for adaptation to a com-
puter format. It is a structured treatment ap-
proach with the aim of developing new types of
behaviour and cognition.
Internet-based CBT has advantages over tra-
ditional CBT for both clients ...
Week 8 Sample Section ExampleWritten by Jennifer Oddy, Entitled.docx
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Written by Jennifer Oddy, Entitled: Distress And Coping of Mothers of Children With Muscular Dystrophy
Sampling Method, Sample, and Setting
Sampling method. The participants will be recruited by criterion purposive sampling by their doctors/nurses at the Muscular Dystrophy Association clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital.
Sample. Inclusion criteria are the following: (1) You are 21 years of age or greater; (2) are the mother of a child with muscular dystrophy; (3) your child is aged between 4 and 17 and was 10 years or younger at their first physical assessment by a primary care provider; (4) you provide roughly 75% or more of the home care for the child.
People will not be eligible for this study if they: (1) have been diagnosed with a mental health disorder (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or have a physical addiction to drugs or alcohol); (2) if the child is currently residing in a long-term care facility.
The sample size will ideally be about 10 participants. Phenomenological studies tend to rely on very small samples, since there is one guiding principle for selecting the sample: all participants must have experienced the phenomenon and must be able to articulate what it is like to have lived the experience (Polit & Beck, 2012). Data will be collected until saturation is accomplished.
Setting. The proposed setting for this study is at the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital located at 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA. There are two directors at the clinic, an orthopedic, and a pediatric neurologist. The team members include a social worker, physical therapist, and a genetic counselor. The number of patients at the clinic cannot be disclosed, however, Boston Children’s Hospital is considered an elite clinic and is included in the MDA network that supports clinical trials and research. The hospital offers the highest level of diagnostic and treatment services, with neurologists and other specialists being very experienced in treating children with muscular dystrophy.
Informed consent and ethical considerations
Before enrolling participants in this study, an informed consent must be signed and approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB, Appendix A). This will be obtained from the Muscular Dystrophy Association clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital, as well as from Regis College. An application and proposal will be sent to the IRB, requesting approval for this study. Since there is minimal risk to subjects, an expedited review will be requested (Polit & Beck, 2012). There is a risk that the participant may have feelings of discomfort while discussing the experiences of caring for a child with muscular dystrophy. This will be minimized by the researcher with empathy and compassion. If the participant would like counseling, a call will be made to their primary care provider.
There are no foreseen ethical issues involved in this research study. The interviews will be ta ...
International Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research
International Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric ResearchSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Background: The numbers of caregivers burdened by dementia is increasing. Depression is also found more in this group and
causes higher morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of depression among Thai family caregivers in order to develop effective interventions in primary care Methods: A total of 177 participants were recruited in primary care setting. They were assessed for sociodemographic data, health status, caregiver burden and depressive symptoms measured by Charlsons Comorbidities (CCI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. The data for dementia patients included severity and functional status. Depression was defi ned as PHQ-9 ≥ 9. Multivariate linear regression model was applied to assess the independent relationship between possible risk factors and risk of depression.Mechanisms Underlying Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment
Mechanisms Underlying Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment
versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Usual Care for
Smoking Cessation
Claire Adams Spears1, Donald Hedeker2, Liang Li3, Cai Wu3, Natalie K. Anderson4, Sean C.
Houchins4, Christine Vinci5, Diana Stewart Hoover3, Jennifer Irvin Vidrine6, Paul M.
Cinciripini3, Andrew J. Waters7, and David W. Wetter8
1Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
2The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
4The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
5Rice University, Houston, TX
6Stephenson Cancer Center and The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma
City, OK
7Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington, DC
8University of Utah and the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
Abstract
Objective—To examine cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying Mindfulness-Based
Addiction Treatment (MBAT) versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Usual Care (UC)
for smoking cessation.
Method—Participants in the parent study from which data were drawn (N = 412; 54.9% female;
48.2% African-American, 41.5% non-Latino White, 5.4% Latino, 4.9% other; 57.6% annual
income < $30,000) were randomized to MBAT (n = 154), CBT (n = 155), or UC (n = 103). From
quit date through 26 weeks post-quit, participants completed measures of emotions, craving,
dependence, withdrawal, self-efficacy, and attentional bias. Biochemically-confirmed 7-day
smoking abstinence was assessed at 4 and 26 weeks post-quit. Although the parent study did not
find a significant treatment effect on abstinence, mixed-effects regression models were conducted
to examine treatment effects on hypothesized mechanisms, and indirect effects of treatments on
abstinence were tested.
Results—Participants receiving MBAT perceived greater volitional control over smoking and
evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both other treatments. However, there were
no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT. Compared to those receiving UC,
MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence, as
Corresponding Author: Claire Adams Spears, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Health Promotion & Behavior, School of Public
Health, Georgia State University; [email protected]; Phone: 404.413.9335.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
J Consult Clin Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 November 01.
Published in final edited form as:
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017 November ; 85(11): 1029–1040. doi:10.1037/ccp0000229.
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well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking. Indirect effects of
MBAT versus UC on abstinence occurred through each of these mechanisms.
Conclusions—Whereas se ...
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ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
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ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docx
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
19
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34
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
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To view our other Research Maps go to: http://psychfutures.ning.com/page/research
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelines
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelines. Be sure to provide a link to the article.
Habigzang, L. F., Aimèe Schneider, J., Petroli Frizzo, R., & Pinto Pizarro de Freitas, C. (2018). Evaluation of the impact of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for women in domestic violence situations in Brazil. Universitas Psychologica, 17(3), 52-62.
Stallard, P. (2022). Evidence-based practice in cognitive–behavioral therapy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 107(2), 109-113
Identify the therapy that you chose.
I chose Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its application in Ella’s case study. CBT focuses on identifying the root causes of harmful behavior. This therapeutic approach aims to identify the various biases brought about by these unhelpful methods of thinking and find ways to deal with the issues the patient is facing (Stallard, 2022).
Briefly paraphrase, in 2–3 sentences, the methodological context (i.e., research method, how data was collected, and the instruments used) of the study and the findings.
Habigzang et al. (2018) did a study to evaluate CBT’s impact on survivors of domestic violence in Brazil. As one of the ways to assist these survivors, the researchers utilized CBT to help these women, who were also dealing with psychiatric disorders such as PTSD, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse as a result of domestic abuse. CBT was used to negate the impacts of the violence. The researchers utilized the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) technique to assess the effects of CBT on the sample to determine the effectiveness of the treatment approach (Habigzang et al., 2018). They performed a pre-test evaluation, which was followed by the use of CBT, and then a post-test evaluation on 11 participants. The study initially had 120 participants, but several participants were ineligible for the study due to inconsistent attending sessions and cognitive hindrances. The study identified that CBT was very effective in helping the clients to deal with the psychological effects of the abuse (Habigzang et al., 2018).
Explain how the findings are applicable or appropriate for the client in your case study.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be beneficial to Ella. It can help Ella deal with the post-traumatic stress disorder she may be dealing with due to the verbal, psychological, and physical abuse she has dealt with in the past (Stallard, 2022). According to the report, she has begun exhibiting signs of acute distress and trauma, which could be signs of PTSD. CBT can be beneficial in helping Ella deal with this PTSD and helping her learn to cope with the past traumas she has experienced.
Determine whether you would use or not use the therapy you selected for the client in your selected case study (consider how culturally relevant it is, how aligned it is with social work ethics, etc.) and explain why.
While working with Ella, I would use cognitive behavioral therapy as one of the treatment approaches. This i ...
FIN 351 Assignment 3Q1. Core Inc. borrowed a loan of $4,500,00
FIN 351 Assignment 3
Q1. Core Inc. borrowed a loan of $4,500,000 at 10% for 25 years term with 3% prepayment penalty five years ago. Recently, a new loan is available at contract rate of 8.5% for 20 years with 4% origination fees. Should Core Inc. refinance now if the discount rate is 6.5%? (2 points)
Q2. Given the following information, calculate the equity investment required to purchase the specific property. Purchase Price: $500,000, Loan Amount: 80% of purchase price, Up-front financing costs: 2.5% of loan amount. (1 point)
Q3. Given the following information, calculate the total amount of annual operating expenses for this income-producing property. Lawn care: $10,000, Property taxes: $24,000, Maintenance: $35,000, Janitorial: $25,000, Security: $32,000, Debt service: $145,000. (1 point)
Q4. Changes in the discount rate used to complete net present value analysis can have a significant impact on the estimated value of the investment and therefore affect the overall investment decision. As the required internal rate of return (IRR) increases, the net present value will (1 point):
A. decline
B. increase
C. remain the same
D. become zero
Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety
in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeffrey J. Wood, PhD; Philip C. Kendall, PhD; Karen S. Wood, PhD; Connor M. Kerns, PhD;
Michael Seltzer, PhD; Brent J. Small, PhD; Adam B. Lewin, PhD; Eric A. Storch, PhD
IMPORTANCE Anxiety is common among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often
interfering with adaptive functioning. Psychological therapies are commonly used to treat
school-aged youth with ASD; their efficacy has not been established.
OBJECTIVE To compare the relative efficacy of 2 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs
and treatment as usual (TAU) to assess treatment outcomes on maladaptive and interfering
anxiety in children with ASD. The secondary objectives were to assess treatment outcomes
on positive response, ASD symptom severity, and anxiety-associated adaptive functioning.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial began recruitment in
April 2014 at 3 universities in US cities. A volunteer sample of children (7-13 years) with ASD
and maladaptive and interfering anxiety was randomized to standard-of-practice CBT,
CBT adapted for ASD, or TAU. Independent evaluators were blinded to groupings. Data
were collected through January 2017 and analyzed from December 2018 to February 2019.
INTERVENTIONS The main features of standard-of-practice CBT were affect recognition,
reappraisal, modeling/rehearsal, in vivo exposure tasks, and reinforcement. The CBT
intervention adapted for ASD was similar but also addressed social communication and
self-regulation challenges with perspective-taking training and behavior-analytic techniques.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure per a priori hypotheses was
the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Seco ...
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The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Article Summary.docx
- 1. 1 Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Internet Gaming Disorder Full Name Institution’s Name Course Number and Name Instructor’s Name Due Date
- 2. 2 Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Internet Gaming Disorder Han et al. (2020) set out to empirically test the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating impulsivity, anxiety, avoidance, and family and environmental problems in patients. The authors associate these symptoms with internet gaming disorder (IGD). Patients with IGD display a high rate of psychological concerns, such as attention, mood, loneliness, anxiety, and impulsivity. The study used the following criteria for internet addiction: increasing internet use, prolonged use than intended, psychological discomfort when not using the internet, continuous use despite knowing the negative consequences, and failure to reduce use despite attempts. The authors hypothesized that CBT for IGD, which takes into account psychological and environmental factors, would improve IGD symptoms. Additionally, they expected that psychological and environmental factors would affect the results of CBT for IGD. Patients were sampled from 332 adults who visited OO University Hospital between September 2014 and August 2018. Out of these, 205 completed the 8-week treatment course and were required to select either CBT for IGD or supportive psychotherapy. Patients on medications for deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety disorders were allowed to participate. In the end, 101 participants completed the CBT program, and 104 completed the supportive therapy. The CBT program consisted of 14 sessions. The supportive therapy group visited a psychiatric outpatient department once or twice a week until the completion of 14 visits. The trial outcomes for CBT or supportive therapy were assessed in terms of improvement in IGD, psychological symptoms (attention, mood, anxiety, and impulsivity), and social interaction (self-avoidance and family cohesion). The study found that more patients showed improvement in the CBT group than observed in the supportive group. Out of the 101 patients who completed the CBT therapy, 67 were
- 3. 3 improved. On the supportive therapy, only 51 out of the 104 IGD patients were improved. The patients in the CBT group recorded a decrease in internet addiction, anxiety, impulsivity, and social avoidance. Still, significant improvements were in internet addiction, attention, impulsivity, depression, anxiety, family cohesion, and social avoidance. Based on these results, the authors conclude that CBT for IGD was more effective than supportive therapy in terms of the number of areas that showed improvement. For instance, there was a reduction in the severity of IGD, impulsivity, and social avoidance. They suggest that the findings indicate the significance of CBT for IGD in tackling internet addiction compared to supportive therapy. It could help improve IGD symptoms by controlling anxiety, impulsivity, and social avoidance. However, the authors identified several limitations in the study. For instance, it was difficult to control covariate data because the results were analyzed using clinical information. The study couldn't demonstrate the pure effects of CBT without medication effects. Another critical limitation in the study was the lack of randomization in its design. It could have exposed the results to selection bias. The authors propose that future studies should focus on IGD without medication and co-morbidities combined with long-term follow-ups.
- 4. 4 References Han, J., Seo, Y., Hwang, H., Kim, S. M., & Han, D. H. (2020). Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for internet gaming disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 27(2), 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2419