The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient health
information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this
information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past
medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports. The EHR automates and
streamlines the clinician's workflow. The EHR has the ability to generate a complete record of a
clinical patient encounter, as well as supporting other care-related activities directly or indirectly
via interface including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes
reporting.
Quickly made presentation in two hours
Security Risk Management in Healthcare on Cloud using NIST guidelines
More details: (blog: http://sandyclassic.wordpress.com ,
linkedin: ie.linkedin.com/in/sandepsharma/)
Security issues and framework of electronic medical record: A reviewjournalBEEI
The electronic medical record has been more widely accepted due to its unarguable benefits when compared to a paper-based system. As electronic medical record becomes more popular, this raises many security threats against the systems. Common security vulnerabilities, such as weak authentication, cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and cross-site request forgery had been identified in the electronic medical record systems. To achieve the goals of using EMR, attaining security and privacy is extremely important. This study aims to propose a web framework with inbuilt security features that will prevent the common security vulnerabilities in the electronic medical record. The security features of the three most popular and powerful PHP frameworks Laravel, CodeIgniter, and Symfony were reviewed and compared. Based on the results, Laravel is equipped with the security features that electronic medical record currently required. This paper provides descriptions of the proposed conceptual framework that can be adapted to implement secure EMR systems.
CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
CYB 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation
Quickly made presentation in two hours
Security Risk Management in Healthcare on Cloud using NIST guidelines
More details: (blog: http://sandyclassic.wordpress.com ,
linkedin: ie.linkedin.com/in/sandepsharma/)
Security issues and framework of electronic medical record: A reviewjournalBEEI
The electronic medical record has been more widely accepted due to its unarguable benefits when compared to a paper-based system. As electronic medical record becomes more popular, this raises many security threats against the systems. Common security vulnerabilities, such as weak authentication, cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and cross-site request forgery had been identified in the electronic medical record systems. To achieve the goals of using EMR, attaining security and privacy is extremely important. This study aims to propose a web framework with inbuilt security features that will prevent the common security vulnerabilities in the electronic medical record. The security features of the three most popular and powerful PHP frameworks Laravel, CodeIgniter, and Symfony were reviewed and compared. Based on the results, Laravel is equipped with the security features that electronic medical record currently required. This paper provides descriptions of the proposed conceptual framework that can be adapted to implement secure EMR systems.
CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
CYB 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation
Challenges and Opportunities Around Integration of Clinical Trials DataCitiusTech
Conducting a Clinical Trial is a complex process, consisting of activities such as protocol preparation, site selection, approval of various authorities, meticulous collection and management of data, analysis and reporting of the data collected
Each activity is benefited from the development of point applications which ease the process of data collection, reporting and decision making. The recent advancements in mobile technologies and connectivity has enabled the generation and exchange of a lot more data than previously anticipated. However, the lack of interoperability and proper planning to leverage this data, still acts as a roadblock in allowing organizations truly harness their data assets. This document will help life sciences IT professionals and decision makers understand challenges and opportunities around clinical data integration
Speeding up Healthcare Application with HTTP/2CitiusTech
Healthcare data is being increasingly accessed over the public internet. With the rapid adoption of EHRs and patient portals, more and more healthcare technology providers are looking at providing the same features over the internet in a SaaS model to reduce feature to market time. As they embrace trends and begin supporting new use cases such as wearables, mobile health, AI and chat bots, more data gets transferred over the same public internet infrastructure
Secondly, there is a pressing need to optimize the time healthcare professionals spend on IT per patient instead of patient care. Hence, getting timely and accurate information is of utmost importance to ensure better patient care.
Patient engagement initiatives such as patient education, medication and visit reminder, positively impact patient outcomes and are a huge success if the applications built for the same provide seamless user experience. Internet based applications rely on HTTP. As web application became more prevalent, inefficiencies of HTTP need to be addressed. HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2) is the update to HTTP protocol that has been built with the aim of improving performance and reducing end user perceived latency, reducing network and server resource usage.This document introduces the features and benefits of HTTP/2 and how you can start using HTTP/2
What Is Security Risk Analysis? By: MedSafeMedSafe
What exactly is a Security Risk Analysis? Most practices ask, we deliver. This presentation covers all you should be concerned with. Go to www.MedSafe.com for more information!
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
Many healthcare organizations assume that patient data, as covered under HIPAA,
is the primary target of hackers. However, cybercriminals operate with the objective of
attaining as much valuable data as possible. This data is usually in the form of
employee HR data like direct deposit, social security and any other information that
would enable identity theft.
CSEC 610 Effective Communication - snaptutorial.comdonaldzs7
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
Cyber Risk in Healthcare Industry- Are you Protected? Mark Merrill
WE BUILD CORE HANDS-ON ON INFORMATION SECURITY SKILLS FOR ALL LEVELS AND DEPARTMENTS- It has already been two years since hackers shifted their main focus from BFSI sector to healthcare industry aggressively targeting hospitals all over the world, while U.S. is experiencing the most severe threat. How we can help you with HIPPA security and privacy concerns. DO YOU NEED TO INVEST IN INFORMATION SECURITY TRAINING, CONSULTING AND ADVISORY?
An Effective Security Mechanism for M-Commerce Applications Exploiting Ontolo...IJERA Editor
Health organizations are beginning to move mobile commerce services in recent years to enhance services and quality without spending much investment for IT infrastructure. Medical records are very sensitive and private to any individuals. Hence effective security mechanism is required. The challenges of our research work are to maintain privacy for the users and provide smart and secure environment for accessing the application. It is achieved with the help of personalization. Internet has provided the way for personalization. Personalization is a term which refers to the delivery of information that is relevant to individual or group of individuals in the format, layout specified and in time interval. In this paper we propose an Ontology Based Access Control (OBAC) Model that can address the permitted access control among the service providers and users. Personal Health Records sharing is highly expected by the users for the acceptance in mobile commerce applications in health care systems.
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CSEC 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
CSEC 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation
CSEC 610 Project 5 Cryptography
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.cst610rank.com
CST 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management CST 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux) CST 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk CST 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation CST 610 Project 5 Cryptography CST 610 Project 6 Digital Forensics Analysis
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.cst610rank.com
CST 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management CST 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux) CST 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk CST 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation CST 610 Project
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CSEC 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
One of the main objective of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) legislation is to provide data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information. It requires healthcare organizations to ensure that applications are secure, and sensitive patient data is protected when in use, during transmission or when stored in a mobile device
Challenges and Opportunities Around Integration of Clinical Trials DataCitiusTech
Conducting a Clinical Trial is a complex process, consisting of activities such as protocol preparation, site selection, approval of various authorities, meticulous collection and management of data, analysis and reporting of the data collected
Each activity is benefited from the development of point applications which ease the process of data collection, reporting and decision making. The recent advancements in mobile technologies and connectivity has enabled the generation and exchange of a lot more data than previously anticipated. However, the lack of interoperability and proper planning to leverage this data, still acts as a roadblock in allowing organizations truly harness their data assets. This document will help life sciences IT professionals and decision makers understand challenges and opportunities around clinical data integration
Speeding up Healthcare Application with HTTP/2CitiusTech
Healthcare data is being increasingly accessed over the public internet. With the rapid adoption of EHRs and patient portals, more and more healthcare technology providers are looking at providing the same features over the internet in a SaaS model to reduce feature to market time. As they embrace trends and begin supporting new use cases such as wearables, mobile health, AI and chat bots, more data gets transferred over the same public internet infrastructure
Secondly, there is a pressing need to optimize the time healthcare professionals spend on IT per patient instead of patient care. Hence, getting timely and accurate information is of utmost importance to ensure better patient care.
Patient engagement initiatives such as patient education, medication and visit reminder, positively impact patient outcomes and are a huge success if the applications built for the same provide seamless user experience. Internet based applications rely on HTTP. As web application became more prevalent, inefficiencies of HTTP need to be addressed. HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2) is the update to HTTP protocol that has been built with the aim of improving performance and reducing end user perceived latency, reducing network and server resource usage.This document introduces the features and benefits of HTTP/2 and how you can start using HTTP/2
What Is Security Risk Analysis? By: MedSafeMedSafe
What exactly is a Security Risk Analysis? Most practices ask, we deliver. This presentation covers all you should be concerned with. Go to www.MedSafe.com for more information!
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
Many healthcare organizations assume that patient data, as covered under HIPAA,
is the primary target of hackers. However, cybercriminals operate with the objective of
attaining as much valuable data as possible. This data is usually in the form of
employee HR data like direct deposit, social security and any other information that
would enable identity theft.
CSEC 610 Effective Communication - snaptutorial.comdonaldzs7
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
Cyber Risk in Healthcare Industry- Are you Protected? Mark Merrill
WE BUILD CORE HANDS-ON ON INFORMATION SECURITY SKILLS FOR ALL LEVELS AND DEPARTMENTS- It has already been two years since hackers shifted their main focus from BFSI sector to healthcare industry aggressively targeting hospitals all over the world, while U.S. is experiencing the most severe threat. How we can help you with HIPPA security and privacy concerns. DO YOU NEED TO INVEST IN INFORMATION SECURITY TRAINING, CONSULTING AND ADVISORY?
An Effective Security Mechanism for M-Commerce Applications Exploiting Ontolo...IJERA Editor
Health organizations are beginning to move mobile commerce services in recent years to enhance services and quality without spending much investment for IT infrastructure. Medical records are very sensitive and private to any individuals. Hence effective security mechanism is required. The challenges of our research work are to maintain privacy for the users and provide smart and secure environment for accessing the application. It is achieved with the help of personalization. Internet has provided the way for personalization. Personalization is a term which refers to the delivery of information that is relevant to individual or group of individuals in the format, layout specified and in time interval. In this paper we propose an Ontology Based Access Control (OBAC) Model that can address the permitted access control among the service providers and users. Personal Health Records sharing is highly expected by the users for the acceptance in mobile commerce applications in health care systems.
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CSEC 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
CSEC 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation
CSEC 610 Project 5 Cryptography
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.cst610rank.com
CST 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management CST 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux) CST 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk CST 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation CST 610 Project 5 Cryptography CST 610 Project 6 Digital Forensics Analysis
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.cst610rank.com
CST 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management CST 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux) CST 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk CST 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation CST 610 Project
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
CSEC 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CSEC 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)
CSEC 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
One of the main objective of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) legislation is to provide data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information. It requires healthcare organizations to ensure that applications are secure, and sensitive patient data is protected when in use, during transmission or when stored in a mobile device
STUDY PROTOCOL Open AccessSafety Assurance Factors for Ele.docxhanneloremccaffery
STUDY PROTOCOL Open Access
Safety Assurance Factors for Electronic Health
Record Resilience (SAFER): study protocol
Hardeep Singh1*, Joan S Ash2 and Dean F Sittig3
Abstract
Background: Implementation and use of electronic health records (EHRs) could lead to potential improvements in
quality of care. However, the use of EHRs also introduces unique and often unexpected patient safety risks.
Proactive assessment of risks and vulnerabilities can help address potential EHR-related safety hazards before harm
occurs; however, current risk assessment methods are underdeveloped. The overall objective of this project is to
develop and validate proactive assessment tools to ensure that EHR-enabled clinical work systems are safe and
effective.
Methods/Design: This work is conceptually grounded in an 8-dimension model of safe and effective health
information technology use. Our first aim is to develop self-assessment guides that can be used by health care
institutions to evaluate certain high-risk components of their EHR-enabled clinical work systems. We will solicit input
from subject matter experts and relevant stakeholders to develop guides focused on 9 specific risk areas and will
subsequently pilot test the guides with individuals representative of likely users. The second aim will be to examine
the utility of the self-assessment guides by beta testing the guides at selected facilities and conducting on-site
evaluations. Our multidisciplinary team will use a variety of methods to assess the content validity and perceived
usefulness of the guides, including interviews, naturalistic observations, and document analysis. The anticipated
output of this work will be a series of self-administered EHR safety assessment guides with clear, actionable,
checklist-type items.
Discussion: Proactive assessment of patient safety risks increases the resiliency of health care organizations to
unanticipated hazards of EHR use. The resulting products and lessons learned from the development of the
assessment guides are expected to be helpful to organizations that are beginning the EHR selection and
implementation process as well as those that have already implemented EHRs. Findings from our project, currently
underway, will inform future efforts to validate and implement tools that can be used by health care organizations
to improve the safety of EHR-enabled clinical work systems.
Keywords: Electronic health records, Health information technology, Patient safety, Risk assessment, Resilience
Background
Several countries have made recent multi-billion dollar
investments in electronic health record (EHR) infra-
structure to transform their health care delivery systems.
However, implementation of EHR-related initiatives has
encountered greater than expected challenges [1-4].
Although successful transformations have occurred in a
few pioneering healthcare organizations across the globe,
[5,6] the vast majority of organizations are still in the
process of implementing.
Systems AdminstratorAs your systems administrator person I am.docxssuserf9c51d
Systems Adminstrator
As your systems administrator person I am responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers, such as servers.
The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers he or she manages meet the needs of the users, without exceeding the budget.
To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.
Infrustructure of IT
Infrastructure components
Data center infrastructure often includes the power, cooling and building elements necessary to support data center hardware. The data center hardware infrastructure usually involves servers; storage subsystems; networking devices, like switches, routers and physical cabling; and dedicated network appliances, such as network firewalls.
A data center infrastructure also requires careful consideration of IT in
frastructure security.
This can include physical security for the building, such as electronic key entry,
But in this case
Infrustucture management
an IT infrastructure must provide a suitable platform for all the necessary IT applications and functions an organization or individual requires. This means the design and implementation of any IT infrastructure must also support efficient infrastructure management.
The healthcare industry is going through tremendous change due to the automation of patient care, causing huge impacts on IT organizations. The entire system managing the interaction between healthcare professionals and patients is dramatically evolving, and will completely impact the way a hospital does business.
Mobility continues to trend upward in healthcare, as doctors make use of tablet devices at the bedside to access Computerized Physician Order Entry systems (CPOE). These orders are communicated over thenetwork to the medical staff in other departments, such as radiology, giving them treatment instructions on a specific patient. After these large images are captured, they are stored and made available for analysis by the physician, even at the bedside.
Ssecurity Breaches will affect these departments :
Human Resources
Finance
Accunts payable
Billing
Schedule
The Healthcare Organization as a System
Good leadership is important for the success of any organization.
In a healthcare organization, good leadership is more than just important—it is absolutely critical to the organization’s success. Why is it so critical—but also challenging—in healthcare organizations?
Breach in information Why Should Good Leaders Be Concerned?
A recent Phonemon Institute survey reveals that, “for the first time, criminal attacks are the number-one root cause of healthcare data breaches.”5 “Cyber criminals recognize two critical facts abou ...
Cis evaluation final_presentation, nur 3563 sol1SBU
An overview of a Computer Information System (CIS) and considerations that need to be taken with implementing an Electronic Health Record (EHR) in a healthcare setting.
Information Privacy and Security: The Value and Importance of Health Information Privacy, security of health data, potential technical approaches to health data privacy and security.
SURVEY OF OPEN SOURCE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS hiij
Due to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), the US
medical industry has been given a directive to transition to electronic health records. Electronic Health
Records will enhance efficiency and quality of patient care. In this paper, open-source health information
systems are surveyed.These systems include electronic medical records, electronic health records and
personal health record systems. Their functionality, implementation technologies used, and security
features are discussed.
Survey of open source health information systemshiij
Due to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), the US
medical industry has been given a directive to transition to electronic health records. Electronic Health
Records will enhance efficiency and quality of patient care. In this paper, open-source health information
systems are surveyed.These systems include electronic medical records, electronic health records and
personal health record systems. Their functionality, implementation technologies used, and security
features are discussed.
Healthcare software development involves creating advanced digital solutions to streamline and enhance medical processes. Developers design secure and user-friendly applications that facilitate efficient patient management, electronic health record (EHR) systems, and telemedicine platforms. These solutions prioritize data privacy, interoperability, and compliance with healthcare regulations, ultimately improving overall healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
Cain and Abel
Ophcrack
Start Here
CYB610 Project 1(Transript)
You are a systems administrator in the IT department of a major metropolitan hospital. Your duties are to ensure the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of patient records, as well as the other files and databases used throughout the hospital. Your work affects several departments, including Human Resources, Finance, Billing, Accounting, and Scheduling. You also apply security controls on passwords for user accounts.
Just before clocking out for the day, you notice something strange in the hospital's computer system. Some person, or group, has accessed user accounts and conducted unauthorized activities. Recently, the hospital experienced intrusion into one of its patient's billing accounts. After validating user profiles in Active Directory and matching them with user credentials, you suspect several user's passwords have been compromised to gain access to the hospital's computer network. You schedule an emergency meeting with the director of IT and the hospital board.
In light of this security breach, they ask you to examine the security posture of the hospital's information systems infrastructure and implement defense techniques. This must be done quickly, your director says. The hospital board is less knowledgeable about information system security. The board makes it clear that it has a limited cybersecurity budget. However, if you can make a strong case to the board, it is likely that they will increase your budget and implement your recommended tool companywide.
You will share your findings on the hospital's security posture. Your findings will be brought to the director of IT in a technical report. You will also provide a nontechnical assessment of the overall identity management system of the hospital and define practices to restrict and permit access to information. You will share this assessment with the hospital board in the form of a narrated slide show presentation.
You know that identity management will increase the security of the overall information system's infrastructure for the hospital. You also know that, with a good identity management system, the security and productivity benefits will outweigh costs incurred. This is the argument you must make to those stakeholders.
Daily life requires us to have access to a lot of information, and information systems help us access that information. Desktop computers, laptops, and mobile devices keep us connected to the information we need through processes that work via hardware and software components. Information systems infrastructure makes this possible. However, our easy access to communication and information also creates security and privacy risks. Laws, regulations, policies, and guidelines exist to protect information and information owners. Cybersecurity ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information. Identity management is a fundamental practice. ...
HIMSS GSA e-Authentication whitepaper June 2007Richard Moore
HIMSS and the GSA, developed a pilot project to demonstrate the adoption of the GSA's secure and interoperable technical architecture for sharing medical information across multiple healthcare providers. The pilot utilized the GSA's E-Authentication Service Component program to provide digital certificates, technical architecture development support, and certificate validation services.
Seven RHIOs/Health Information Exchanges initially volunteered to participate in the project. One participant the Nevada Single Portal Medical Record HIE had to withdraw from the project due to a lack of resources.
Central Ohio HIE - Initiated by eHealth Ohio, and in conjunction with the Ohio Supercomputer Center, this project has focused on evaluating the viability of using the proposed national level user authentication process as a means of authenticating individual researchers, system developers and system administrators who will be both utilizing, creating and maintaining future health care research systems. An emerging area of software development focus, this pilot will also identify key issues faced by resource constrained development efforts.
A Beginner's Guide to Git and GitHub, CLI version.
What is Git?
What is Github
Basic commands
Difference between Central and Distributed Version Controlling System
I needed a quick alternative solution to Soap UI Pro as Pro version was little costly for a small project. I had no time to start a scripting tool to do the same. OATS (Oracle Application Testing Suite) came to my rescue. OATS is a complete, integrated testing solution for Web applications, Web Services, packaged Oracle Applications and Oracle Databases.
A macro is a set of commands that can be played back at will to perform a given task. These tasks can be something simple such as inserting your name and address into a word processor to something more complex such as launching a program, copying data from it, activating another program, pasting the data into it and repeating this several times. Tasks performed by macros are typically repetitive in nature allowing significant savings in time by executing the macro instead of manually repeating the commands.
The EHR is a longitudinal electronic record of a patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting.
This Presentation Will tell what is EHR and Why Security of EHR Is Needed ?
This guide was designed to teach beginner web designers and programmers how to use HTML.:D This guide is aimed to give newbies a little experience in writing HTML code, saving their files correctly, and viewing the completed works in a web browser. HTML may seem confusing or boring at first, but we will help you understand how it works and by the end of the book you would be told about how to make your first web home page for your website.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. Electronic Health Records
Introduction
The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient health
information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this
information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past
medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports. The EHR automates and
streamlines the clinician's workflow. The EHR has the ability to generate a complete record of a
clinical patient encounter, as well as supporting other care-related activities directly or indirectly
via interface including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes
reporting.
EHR is generated and maintained within an institution, such as a hospital, integrated delivery
network, clinic, or physician office.
Advantages of EHR
Tools for Quality Improvement
Greater Efficiency
Tools to Monitor Population Health
Tools to Monitor Privacy & Security
Since EHR contains important patient records the security of EHR systems is a major concern.
If EHR systems are not secure, patients may get improper health care or have life-shattering or
embarrassing information exposed due to privacy breaches.
The Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN) is being developed to provide a secure,
nationwide, interoperable health information infrastructure that will connect providers,
consumers, and others involved in supporting health and healthcare.
Goals of NHIN
Developing capabilities for standards-based, secure data exchange nationwide.
Improving the coordination of care information among hospitals, laboratories, physicians
offices, pharmacies, and other providers.
2. Ensuring appropriate information is available at the time and place of care.
Ensuring that consumers’ health information is secure and confidential.
Giving consumers new capabilities for managing and controlling their personal health
records as well as providing access to their health information from electronic health
records (EHRs) and other sources.
Reducing risks from medical errors and supporting the delivery of appropriate, evidence-
based medical care.
Lowering healthcare costs resulting from inefficiencies, medical errors, and incomplete
patient information.
The American and Reinvestment Act of 2009(ARRA) provides $34 billion of incentives to heath
care providers to deploy EHRs that are certified for meaningful use.
Certification of EHRs began in 2006, conducted primarily by the Certification Commission of
Healthcare IT (CCHIT). The CCHIT Certified program is an independently developed
certification that includes a rigorous inspection of an EHR’s integrated functionality,
interoperability and security using criteria developed by CCHIT’s broadly representative, expert
work groups.
EHR systems contain many assets that are just as valuable to attackers as they are to health care
providers including patient’s health records, the service the EHR system provides, patient
identity, billing information and the audit trail of the transactions that have occurred in the
system.
The goal is to improve the security assessment within EHR system certification processes by
empirically accessing the ability of current security certification criteria to surface a range of
vulnerability types.
This paper performed exploratory security analysis on to web based EHR systems that are
seeking CCHIT certification: OpenEMR, an Open source EHR system and proprietaryMed, a
proprietary EHR system.
The next chapter provides requisite background information on CCHIT, misuse cases and insider
threats.
3. Relationship to Other Domains
American’s financial institution have recognized the impact of information security threats and,
in lieu of “security checklist” certification, recommend that banks who develop applications
in- house should follow an enterprise-wide effort that incorporates attack models and systematic
application testing.
A similar problem exists in voting machine. Voting machine have no quality control in the
development of their source code, resulting in exploits such as impersonating legitimate voting
terminals and linking voters with their votes.
In the realm of healthcare, many security analysts have studied the security of implantable
pacemakers, and discovered that their wireless communication protocols can be
reverse-engineered and manipulated by someone other than patient’s doctor.
Insider Attacks
An insider attack occurs when employees of an organization with legitimate access to their
organization information systems use these systems to sabotage their organization IT
infrastructure or commit fraud.
Researchers at the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon released a comprehensive
study on insider threats that reviewed 49 cases of Insider IT Sabotage between 1996 and 2002. [1]
According to the study:
90% of insider attackers were given administrative or high level privileges to the target
system.
81% of the incidents involved losses to the organization, with dollar amounts estimated
between “five hundred dollars” and “tens of millions of dollars.”
The majority of attackers attacked after they were terminated from the organization.
Lack of access controls facilitated IT sabotage.
Attackers created or used access paths unknown to management to set up their attacks
and conceal their identities.
4. Use Cases vs. Misuse Cases
Both use cases and misuse cases can be used for software security requirements. A use case is a
“description of the possible sequences of interactions between the system under discussion and
its external actors, related to a particular goal”.
Use cases can be helpful to express functional security, such as the ability to change a user’s
password or the requirement that passwords should be stored using the most up-to-date
cryptographic techniques.
A misuse case specifies a “negative” use case, that is: behavior that is not allowed in the
proposed system.
Like a misuse case might read: “An attacker spoofs another user’s identity” or “An attacker
causes a denial of service by rending the homepage to be blank for all future users,” or “An
attacker executes applications on the client’s computer.” Only misuse cases can specify the
functionality that system should not have.
Software security testing involves creating a plan of attack and attempting to expose
vulnerabilities in software by forcing the system to do what is not allowed by the specification or
requirements. [1]
Certification of EHR Systems
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) maintains the
standards that certifying bodies must use in evaluating EHR systems. This section presents
information on the leading certification body, CCHIT. Next, we describe the conformance test
methods being developed by NIST in concert with the ONC.
CCHIT Criteria
CCHIT (Certification Commission for Health Information Technology) certified an
independently developed certification that includes a rigorous inspection of an EHR’s integrated
functionality, interoperability and security. Products that are CCHIT Certified are tested against
criteria developed by the Commission’s broadly representative, expert work groups. This
program is intended to serve health care providers looking for greater assurance that a product
5. will meet their complex needs. As part of this independent evaluation, successful use is verified
at live sites and product usability is rated.
Goals of CCHIT:
Reduce the risk of Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) investment by physicians
and other providers.
Ensure interoperability (compatibility) of HIT products.
Assure payers and purchasers providing incentives for electronic health records (EHR)
adoption that the ROI (Return on Investment) will be improved quality.
Protect the privacy of patients' personal health information.
NIST Meaningful Use Test Methods
NIST Certifications has to do with "verifying that a specific piece of equipment does what it's
supposed to do within the specifications documented by the manufacturer". N.I.S.T. stands for
the "National Institute of Standards and Technology" located in Boulder, CO. This NIST
Certification is acknowledged in many different ways. Other names for NIST Certification
maybe Certificate of Calibration, Traceable Calibration, Certificate of Traceability, etc.
The NIST security criteria are similar to the CCHIT security criteria in that they focus on
functional security aspects such as passwords and hashing. The NIST test scripts, however,
contain a few test scripts that assess whether the EHR system properly enforces its authorization
specifications. The NIST test procedures state that a tester should try to authenticate with a
deleted account and that the authentication attempt should fail. [1]
EHR System Attacker Motivation
An analysis of software system security must consider the motivation of possible attackers. EHR
applications have valuable assets, such as the following:
Health Records, protected by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA, protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or
lose their jobs), Privacy and Security rules, contain personal and sensitive information
6. about what procedures and tests a patient has had, as well as diagnoses that a patient has
received from doctors. For example, some medical diagnoses are stigmatized, like a
sexually transmitted disease diagnoses. Other information can be life threatening, such as
allergies. Insurance companies as well as employers are interested in knowing a patient’s
health record to make unethical decisions about whether to cover a patient or whether to
hire a patient, respectively.
The Service provided by the software system is invaluable to the medical practice that
deploys it. Without a working health record system (as in the case of soft denial of
service), a medical practice can be rendered non functional, since much of medicine is
based on prior history. Further, not being able to access a patient health records could
cause serious threats to patient safety.
Identity and Billing Information, including credit card numbers, social security
numbers, home addresses and telephone numbers, make for attractive targets for any
attacker wishing to steal patient’s identities or commit credit card fraud.
The Authenticity and Audit Trail (or repudiation) of the data contained within the health
record system is essential. Just as with the service the system provides by itself, doctors and
healthcare practitioners depend on the accuracy and availability of the data to make critical
decision about patient care. If a patient has an incorrect listing or no listing of a certain allergy
due to a malicious attack, that patient could die by being given the wrong prescription. Further,
patients and doctors alike could forge health records with no chance of getting caught. For
example, a patient would be motivated to alter the record of a disease or doctor's visit to get
worker's compensation or to get access to narcotics. A doctor could retroactively create the
record of the completion of a certain medical procedure to exonerate his or herself from a
medical malpractice charge.
Firebug
Firebug is a web development plug-in for the Mozilla Firefox browser that allows the debugging,
editing, and monitoring of any website's CSS, HTML, DOM, and JavaScript, and provides other
Web development tools. It also allows the tracking and analysis of HTTP traffic. It is a tool that
is used for web security testing and for web site performance analysis. Here, Firebug is used for
7. examining hidden control fields within web pages and monitoring the progress and status of
various attacks. In addition, it contains a JavaScript debugging utility that executes any script
live that the user enters into the console. This functionality made Firebug a solid choice to add to
our attack arsenal because we could more quickly and easily manipulate HTML components and
test JavaScript attacks without having to compose additional web pages to hold those attacks or
store those attacks on our test servers.
WebScarab
WebScarab is designed to expose the workings of an HTTP(S) based application, whether to
allow the developer to debug or to allow a security specialist to identify vulnerabilities.
WebScarab is a portable framework written in Java for analyzing applications for the
information security that communicate using the HTTP and HTTPS protocols. In its simplest
form, WebScarab records the conversations (requests and responses) that it observes, and allows
the operator to review the conversations (requests and responses) that have passed through
WebScarab. WebScarab is based on a plug-in architecture; Where WebScarab has several modes
of operation, implemented by a number of plug-ins.
Here, the paper configured the browsers to use WebScarab as an HTTP proxy, which allowed
WebScarab to monitor and store any traffic between the computers and the test servers that ran
the target application. In its basic mode of functionality, WebScarab records and then forwards
any HTTP requests and responses that come to and from any browser that is configured to use
WebScarab as a proxy.
Many modern web applications use the POST method for HTTP requests; meaning parameters
that are passed through the URL are ignored. For example, in the request:
http://localhost/script.php?test=abc
The POST parameter test is empty, where as the GET parameter test contains the string abc.
If the web application is using GET parameters to receive user input, then an attacker need only
modify the URL to change the value of the parameter test. However, in a POST request, the
parameter is not included in the URL, and is only accessible from an HTML form or by
examining the HTTP request that is sent to the server.
8. Both of our targeted applications used JavaScript to disallow certain characters to be input into a
certain field on various form fields, a technique known as Client side filtering.
Attack Environment
Figure1. Detailed Diagram of Network Setup
The above figure shows the detailed view of our testing network setup. Here they deployed
OpenEMR on a Linux server running Ubuntu v8.04.4 and Apache v2.2.8 with 800MB of RAM
and an Intel Premium4 2.40GHz processor. Each team member used WebScarab as a proxy and
Firebug as a JavaScript debugger. They also used a separate server to host various attack scripts
to make them generally accessible to the team. The additional server simplified the process of
saving user’s session cookies. The additional server was hosted on a Linux machine running
Ubuntu v9.10 and Apache v2.2.12 with 512MB of RAM and an Intel Celeron 2.40GHz
processor.
OpenEMR
OpenEMR is an open source EHR web application written in PHP and licensed under the GNU
General Public License (GPL). OpenEMR is actively pursuing CCHIT certification. OpenEMR
is supported and maintained by Open Source Medical Software (OSMS), which is an
9. all-volunteer medical organization committed to the development of open source EHR
applications can provide equal technological access to people who are typically considered to be
at a socioeconomic disadvantage.
OpenEMR has five user roles:
Accounting
Administrator
Clinician
Front Office
Physician
ProprietaryMed
ProprietaryMed is a web-based EHR created for use in primary care practices. ProprietaryMed
uses the Microsoft ASP.NET15 with JavaScript on the front end.
PropreitaryMed is closed-source, is a paid product, and uses a different architecture of
frameworks than does OpenEMR. Additionally, ProprietaryMed has an install base of 14
physician practices, 17 physicians, and about 80 clinical and non-clinical staff. The practices are
maintaining the electronic health records of over 21,000 patients.
It allows eight distinct user roles:
Medical Assistant,
Practice Administrator
Lab Technician
Doctor
Profile Setup
Office Manager
Nurse Practitioner and
Physician's Assistant.
10. Successful Exploits
Each of the exploits described here falls into one of two groups :
Implementation bugs
design flaws
Implementation bugs are code-level software problems, such as cross-site scripting.
Design flaws are high-level problems associated with the architecture and design of the
system, such as allowing an administrator to view every user's records.
In the next section, we present seven types discovered implementation bugs.
Implementation Bugs
Implementation bugs are code-level security problems. In the following situations, the
EHRs we examined did not fulfill certain security goals that pertain to keeping patient
records confidential or ensuring the availability of the system.
11. Cross-Site Scripting
It’s a computer security vulnerability that enables malicious attackers to inject client side
script into web-page viewed by other users.
Phishing
It is an attempt to acquire sensitive information such as user names, passwords etc. by
masking as a trustworthy entity.
12.
13. SQL Injections
SQL injection is a technique often used to attack a website. This is done by including
portions of SQL statements in a web form entry field in an attempt to get the website to
pass a newly formed rogue SQL command to the database (e.g., dump the database
contents to the attacker).
SQL injection is a code injection technique that exploits security vulnerability in a
website's software. The vulnerability happens when user input is either incorrectly
filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is
not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL commands are thus injected from
the web form into the database of an application (like queries) to change the database
content or dump the database information like credit card or passwords to the attacker.
SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack
any type of SQL database.
Misuse case(s): An Attacker obtains every user's username and password.
Violates CCHIT Criteria: SC 06.12 – The system shall verify that a person or entity
seeking access to electronic health information across a network is the one claimed and is
authorized to access such information.
Exposed by CCHIT Test Script: None.
Vulnerable Application(s): OpenEMR.
14. When an attacker exploits a lack of input validation to force unintended system behavior
by inserting reserved words or characters into input fields that alter the logical structure
of a SQL statement is known SQL Injection attack.
15. Conclusion
In this paper a representative set of implementation bugs and design flaws are exploited that
could lead to critical consequences to patient privacy. The paper discusses about the two
major weaknesses of CCHIT certification process. The first is that the CCHIT test script fail
to test for the existence of implementation bugs or security issues that deal with the way the
system achieves security requirements.
16. Bibliography
1) Research paper from ACM portal
2) http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications/informatics/ehr.pdf
3) http://www.hhs.gov/health/healthnetwork/background/
4) Wikipedia.
5) http://mhcc.maryland.gov/electronichealth/mhitr/EHR%20Links/challenges_to_ehr.pdf
6) www.drivencompany.com/nist.cfm
7) http://go4webapps.com/2010/04/24/webscarab-web-security-application-testing-tool/