This document provides an overview of All India Radio (AIR) in Jodhpur, India. It discusses: - The history and establishment of AIR, including its network of transmitters and studios. - The three-tier broadcasting system used by AIR, including transmitters, studios, and console equipment. - Key components like antennas, antenna arrays, and the different types of antennas used. - Facilities like studios for drama, music, and commercial broadcasts, as well as playback and dubbing studios. The document aims to educate about AIR's infrastructure and the technical aspects of radio broadcasting.

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A
PRACTICAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
ON
ALL INDIA RADIO(JODHPUR)
Submitted to :
Ms.Laxmi Choudhary
(Training seminar coordinator)
Presented By :
Mohammad Arshad
Electronics & Communication

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CONTENTS
 Introduction
 History and present scenario
 Principal of All India Radio
 THREE TIRE BROADCASTING SYSTEM
 Transmitter
 Studio
 Console
 Phone in Program console
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION TO A.I.R
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 A.I.R is one of the largest radio networks in
the world.
 A national service planned, developed and
operated by the Prasar Bharati Broadcasting
Corporation of India
 All India Radio, Jodhpur was established at
15th August,1965.
 The Satellite Earth station was established at
21st March,1944.


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 To uphold the unity and integrity of the country and the
values enshrined in the Constitution.
 Present a fair and balanced flow of information of national,
regional, local and international interest, including contrasting
views, without advocating any opinion or ideology of its own.
 Produce and transit varied programs designed to awaken,
inform, educate, entertain and enrich all sections of the
people.
OBJECTIVE

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HISTORY AND PRESENT SCENERIO
 In 1926 the private Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) was
granted permission to operate two radio stations; the Bombay
station was inaugurated on July 23, 1927, the Calcutta station
followed on August 26, 1927.
 The introduction of the commercial channel ‘Vividh Bharti’ in
October 1957 increased the interest and popularity of radio.

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 AIR today has a network of 237 broadcasting centers with 149
medium frequency (MW), 54 high frequency (SW) and 177 FM
transmitters.
 The coverage is 91.85% of the area , serving 99.18% of the
people in the largest democracy of the world.
 AIR covers 24 Languages and 146 dialects in home services.

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Principles Of All India Radio
*Transmitting
*A radio wave carries information signal;
Signals are converted into electrical
signals. A carrier wave is then produced
from the modulation. The wave is then
amplified, and sent to the antenna that
then converts signal into an E.M. wave.
*Receiving
*An antenna on receiving the signal send it
to the receiver this then converts the
electrical signal sends it to the amplifier
either a speaker/headphones jack this is
then converted into a sound wave.
• Modulation
• Amplification
Transmission
• Demodulation
• Amplification
Reception

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 Antenna is usually a metallic device (as a rod or a
wire) used for radiating or receiving
electromagnetic waves.
 Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into
space
 Reception - collects electromagnetic energy from space
 In two-way communication, the same antenna can
be used for transmission and reception
Antenna Introduction

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Types of Antennas
 Isotropic antenna (idealized)
Radiates power equally in all directions
 Dipole antennas
Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz antenna)
Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or Marconi
antenna)

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Types of Antennas
 Yagi uda
 Phased arrays
 Vertical or Horizontal
 Horns for super ultra
high frequencies
 Mobile antennas

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Antenna Array
 Consist of multiple antennas collaborating to
synthesize radiation characteristics not available
with a single antenna. They are able
to match the radiation pattern to the desired
coverage area.
to change the radiation pattern electronically
through the control of the phase and the amplitude
of the signal fed to each element.
to adapt to changing signal conditions.
to increase transmission capacity by better use of
the radio resources and reducing interference.
.

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Antenna Array
27 antennas along 3 railroad tracks provide baselines up to 35
km. Radio images are formed by correlating the signals
garnered by each antenna.

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Advantages of Antenna Array
 Possibilities to control electronically
Direction of maximum radiation
Directions (positions) of nulls
Beam-width
Directivity
Levels of side lobes
Using standard antennas (or antenna collections)
independently of their radiation patterns.
 Antenna elements can be distributed along straight
lines, arcs, squares, circles, etc.

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KEY LEARNINGS
 Important concepts of communication.
 Resource management.
 Discipline.
 Development of a practical point of view towards
the work.

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THREE-TIER BROADCASTING SYSTEM

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There are following studio in AIR JODHPUR: --_
1. DRAMA STUDIO: Recording of Drama, discussion, chat, phone in Program.
2 TALK STUDIO: For live program like talk and rural programs.
3. MUSIC STUDIO: Recording of musical programs and concerts.
4. CBS: Purely dedicated to commercial broadcasting service of Vividh Bharti
5. PLAYBACK STUDIO: For announcing and playback of songs and records.
6. DUBBING STUDIO: dubbing and editing of tapes.
STUDIO

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CONSOLE

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SYSTEM FACILITIES
A. Interface with telephone line
B. Interface with telephone equipment
C. Optional facility for headset if required
D. Optional facility for direct broadcast on air using
headset/handset lf required.
FEATURES
1. Conversion with the remote participant in the live program.
2. Feed responses from the expert in the studio to the listeners
through telephone line.
3. Facilitate live broadcast of both the listen enquiry and expert's
responses.
4. Provide music on hold
5. Provide signaling facilities for indicating incoming calls.

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CONCLUSION
 It was a wonderful experience , training in A.I.R.
 There is great scope for engineers in the field of
communication.
 Exposure to practical working conditions will be beneficial
for our career.

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QUERIES ???
(if any..)

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Thank u…