The document discusses the facilities and operations of All India Radio Shimla. It describes the studio setup including different studios like playback, drama, talk, and music. It discusses the studio chain and audio types. It also covers the medium wave, short wave, and FM transmitters used as well as modulation types. Satellite communication through the captive earth station is described. Finally, it briefly discusses the relay stations of AIR Kullu, AIR Kalpa, and AIR Kasauli.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FROM
AIR SHIMLA
SUBMITTED BY
BHAVNA SHARMA
(130610306010))

2.  STUDIO SETUP
 MODULATION
 STL
 CAPTIVE EARTH STATION
 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
 WAVE PROPAGATION
 TRANSMITTER
 INTRODUCTION
 RELAY STATION

3. • RADIO BROADCASTING is a media of mass communication.
• ALL INDIA RADIO, SHIMLA have started functioning on 16th
june 1955.
• Two channel broadcasting station:
 Primary Channel (Medium Wave, Short wave)
 FM Channel
• Frequency of PC MW: 774 KHz
SW: 6020 KHz(49.83M) Day Time
4860 KHz(61.73M) Night Time
• Frequency of FM 103.7 MHz
• Main language cast Hindi

4. STUDIO SETUP
PLAYBACK STUDIO
DRAMA STUDIO
TALK STUDIO FM STUDIO
MUSIC STUDIO
CONTROL ROOM

5. Acoustic Treatment
 Acoustic is the science of sound. Following
things should be kept in mind for the
construction of studios:
 Height of studio:4.2mtr
 Thickness of wall:34cms
 Sound proof door. .
 Diffusers are used.
 No pillar and column.

6. STUDIO CHAIN: How the data transfer takes place
Generation of program
in studios
Control Room
Transmitter
Processing of signal Signal is
transmitted

7. Schematic Diagram of Studio Chain

8. MONO
STEREO
TYPES OF
AUDIO

9. Outside Broadcast
LIVE
BROADCAST
SPOT
RECORDING

10. Studio Transmitter link(STL)
It provide microwave wireless link
between studio and Transmitter to
transfer audio from studio to
transmitter
Presently STL is used for MW &SW
Transmitter
STL frequency: 1440MHz

11. STL(Studio Transmission Link)
Studio
Transmitter
Microwave Link

12. Studio Transmitter Link (STL) system consists
of :-
•Transmitting system (STL-TX).
• Receiving system (STL-RX).
• Low loss cable that connects the STL TX/RX
to the 2 metre dia. antenna.
• Microwave dish antenna mounted on a 50 m or
more height of self-supporting tower.
• + 24 volt DC power supply.

13. CES
• Utilize to uplink its radio
programs for distribution in
networks through satellite.
• Transmit chain in C-Band while
receive band is C- Band and S-
band,
• Digital carrier undergoes QPSK
modulation of digital audio.

14. Basic Components:
• PDA(Parabolic Dish Antenna)
• FEED
• LNBC
• WAVE GUIDE
• HPA
• UPCOUNTER
• MODULATOR
• ENCODER
• MULTIPLEXER

15. To uplink the program for satellite GSAT10
which is located at 83 degree east.
C-Band
Transmitted power- 400w
QPSK modulation

16.  Two Stations can use satellite for communication.
USER
EARTH STATION
USER
EARTH STATION
UPLINK
DOWNLINK

17. GROUND WAVE SPACE WAVE SKY WAVE

18. Medium wave propagates along the surface of
the earth.
Short wave propagates as sky wave.
FM propagates as direct wave.

19. In electronics and
telecommunication, modulation is the
process of varying one or more properties of
a high–frequency periodic waveform,called
the carrier signal.
MODULATION

20. TYPES OF MODULATION

21. AIR SHIMLA is broadcasting program through three transmitter
MW TRANSMITTER
SW TRANSMITTER
FM TRANSMITTER

22. The new generation FM
transmitters in the AIR netwo
can be classified according t
their output powers as follow
 3 kW FM Transmitter
 2x3 kW FM Transmitter
 2x5 kW FM Transmitter( in AIR SHIMLA)

23.  Supporting Tower
 Main Antenna
 Feeder Cable

24. Pole Type
 Small Cross section towers
normally used for exclusive FM
towers
Panel Type
 For large Cross section towers
Normally for Television towers
26.08.2008Rajesh Chandra, STI(T)

25. AM Transmission band
oLong wave:- 200 to 400KHz
oMedium wave:- 531 to 1602KHz
oShort wave:- 3 to 30MHz

26. •Radio frequency section
• Audio frequency section
• Control and instrumentation
• Cooling and ventilation
• Power supply system
Sub System Of a Transmitter

27. THALES TRANSMITTER NEC TRANSMITTER
MEDIUM WAVE TRANSMITTER

28. For impedance matching of feeder line impedance to
the mast impedance of MW transmitter is used.
•Height:- 120 meter
•Mast impedance:-75 ohm
•Line impedance:- 230 ohm

31. MW Transmitters
•50 ohm (RF cable)
• 60 ohm (Quasi co-axial)
• 230 ohm
SW transmitters
Balanced 300 ohm

32. SHORT WAVE FREQUENCY- : 3-26MHz
Day Time Frequency -: 6020 KHz
In day time - 7:45 AM to 9:30 AM
From 09:45 AM to 3:30 PM
Then 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM
Night time frequency -: 4860 KHz
In night time -: 6:30 PM to 11:10 PM
4:30 AM to 7:30 AM

33. RELAY STATIONS……..
AIR KULLU
 Transmitter: 2*3 KW FM transmitter
 Frequency: 102.5MHz
 Program: AIR SHIMLA & Vividh Bharti
AIR KALPA
 Transmitter: 1kw MW Transmitter
 Frequency: 1584KHz
 Program: AIR SHIMLA
AIR KASAULI
 Transmitter: 2*5KW FM Transmitter
 Frequency: 107.2 MHz
 Program: FM Rainbow & Vividh Bharti