The document discusses research on REDD+ MRV and carbon emissions measurement, highlighting assessments of deforestation drivers, carbon stocks, and emissions in six case study countries. It outlines key concepts of forest reference emission levels (FRLs) and their importance in measuring emissions for REDD+ incentives, alongside the challenges identified in forest carbon monitoring. The analysis also includes detailed data on forest cover and CO2 emissions contributions from Indonesia, particularly focusing on the changes from 1973 to 2010.

1. Research on REDD+ MRV and carbon
stocks/emissions measurement
University British of Columbia Students Visit
4 May 2015
Arief Wijaya
Forest and Environment Research
Center for International Forestry Research

2. CIFOR Global Comparative Study on REDD+
 GCS Module 3: REDD+ MRV and Carbon Emissions
measurement
– Assessment of major deforestation drivers
– Research on carbon stocks and emissions
– Setting forest reference emission levels (FRELs/FRLs)
– Participatory MRV
– Six case study countries: Brazil, Peru, Indonesia,
Vietnam, Zambia and Cameroon
 Further information: www.cifor.org/gcs/

3. Climate change – the evidence of what’s happening

4. Temperatures are rising worldwide

5. GHG emissions accelerate despite reduction
efforts

6. Capacity gaps of non-annexes I countries
Consideration of factors for capacity assessment:
1.Requirements for monitoring forest carbon on national level (IPCC GPG)
2.Existing national capacities for national forest monitoring
3.Progress in national GHG inventory and engagement in REDD
4.REDD particular characteristics: importance of forest fires, soil carbon, deforestation rate
5.Specific technical challenges (remote sensing)

7. Notes on FREL/FRL terminology
 In UNFCCC COP decisions the term forest reference
emission levels and/or forest reference levels (FREL/FRLs)
is used.
 The most common understanding is that a FREL includes
only emissions from deforestation and degradation
 FRL includes both emissions by sources and removals
by sink, thus it includes also enhancement of forest carbon
stocks.
 FRLs/FRELs is carbon emissions projection which will be
compared against actual emissions in the future

8. FREL/FRL terminology
National FREL submission document used the combined estimates

9. Impacts to REDD+ incentives
 Emissions reductions that can claim for REDD+ financial incentives
should be additional of those resulted from national climate change
mitigation program (i.e. based on self financed/national efforts)
– Differentiate between REL as business as usual (BAU) and crediting baseline
(or financial incentive benchmark)
Source: redd-net.org

10. Indicative national REL estimate to 2020
(Indonesia)
Source: Indonesian REDD+ Agency, MRV working group

11. Stepwise approach of FRELs/FRLs
(Herold, et.al, 2011)

12. Land Use Types Following Forest Conversion
1990-2000
What about drivers of forest degradation?

13. CO2 Emissions from Deforestation, Peat
Drainage and Peat Fires in Indonesia

14. Contributions of CO2 Emissions by Islands

15. Four Decades of Forests
Persistence, clearance and
logging in Borneo
(1973-2010)
Source: Gaveau, et.al (2014)
76% of forest cover (1973) 46% of forest cover (2010)
http://gislab.cifor.cgiar.org/wm/borneo/
Extend period of
observation

16. CIFOR Study
(Subset of Borneo-wide Data 1973 – 2010)
Class labels Area (Mha)
Intact Forest 2010 4.12
Logged Forest 2010 4.04
Deforestation from 1973 to 2010 3.86
Non-Forest 1973 2.97
Clouds 0.26
Total 15.24
Courtesy: David Gaveau (CIFOR)
Detailed analysis at sub-national