Arduino Programming Basics (workshop #6)
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This Arduino Programming Basics presentation show the power point slides - see the PDF version for a step by step screenshots of what we showed live during the online workshops. A workshop as part of series of online workshops, stemmed from an LSTA grant to educate librarians and library school students on makerspaces, especially in academic libraries. Nov 12, 2014
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CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
// Week 4
Overview:
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program including the program description, analysis, test plan, design (using both flow chart and pseudocode visualization), and implementation with C code. The example provided uses sequential, selection and repetition statements.
Program Description:
This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers. The program will ask the user to 10 integers. If the sum of the numbers is greater than 1000, a message is printed stating the sum is over 1000. The design step will include both pseudocode and flow chart visualization.
Analysis:
I will use sequential, selection and repetition programming statements.
I will define three integer numbers: count, value, sum. Count will store how many times values are entered to make sure we don’t exceed 10 values. Value will store the input integer and sum will store the running sum.
The sum will be calculated by this formula:
sum = sum + value
For example, if the first value entered was 4 and second was 10:
sum = sum + value = 0 + 4
sum = 4 + 10 = 14
Values and sum can be input and calculated within a repetition loop:
while count <10
Input value
sum = sum + value
End while
The additional selection statement will be of this form:
If sum > 1000 then
print "Sum is over 1000"
End If
Test Plan:
To verify this program is working properly the input values could be used for testing:
Test Case
Input
Expected Output
1
value=1
value=1
value=1
value=0
value=1
value=2
value=0
value=1
value=3
value=2
Sum = 12
2
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
Sum = 1200
Sum is over 1000.
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value=-100
value=-100
value=-200
value=0
value=200
value=100
value=0
value=200
value=-300
value=-200
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// This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers.
// Declare variables
Declare count, value, sum as Integer
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Set sum = 0
// Loop through 10 integers
While count < 10
Print “Enter an Integer”
Input value
sum = sum + value
count=count+1
End While
// Print results and messages
Print “Sum is “ + sum
If (sum > 1000)
Printf “Sum is over 1000”
End if
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// C code
// This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers.
// Developer: Faculty CMIS102
// Date: Jan 31, 2014
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* variable definition: */
int count, value, sum;
/* Initialize count and sum */
count = 0;
sum = 0;
// Loop through to input values
while (count < 10)
{
printf("Enter an Integer\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
sum = sum + value;
count = count + 1;
}
printf("Sum is %d\n " , sum );
if (sum >1000)
printf("Sum is over 1000\n");
return 0;
}
Setting up the code and the input parameters in ideone.com:
Note the input integer.
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CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
// Week 4
Overview:
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program including the program description, analysis, test plan, design (using both flow chart and pseudocode visualization), and implementation with C code. The example provided uses sequential, selection and repetition statements.
Program Description:
This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers. The program will ask the user to 10 integers. If the sum of the numbers is greater than 1000, a message is printed stating the sum is over 1000. The design step will include both pseudocode and flow chart visualization.
Analysis:
I will use sequential, selection and repetition programming statements.
I will define three integer numbers: count, value, sum. Count will store how many times values are entered to make sure we don’t exceed 10 values. Value will store the input integer and sum will store the running sum.
The sum will be calculated by this formula:
sum = sum + value
For example, if the first value entered was 4 and second was 10:
sum = sum + value = 0 + 4
sum = 4 + 10 = 14
Values and sum can be input and calculated within a repetition loop:
while count <10
Input value
sum = sum + value
End while
The additional selection statement will be of this form:
If sum > 1000 then
print "Sum is over 1000"
End If
Test Plan:
To verify this program is working properly the input values could be used for testing:
Test Case
Input
Expected Output
1
value=1
value=1
value=1
value=0
value=1
value=2
value=0
value=1
value=3
value=2
Sum = 12
2
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
Sum = 1200
Sum is over 1000.
3
value=-100
value=-100
value=-200
value=0
value=200
value=100
value=0
value=200
value=-300
value=-200
Sum = -400
Pseudocode:
// This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers.
// Declare variables
Declare count, value, sum as Integer
//Initialize Counter, Sum to 0
Set count=0
Set sum = 0
// Loop through 10 integers
While count < 10
Print “Enter an Integer”
Input value
sum = sum + value
count=count+1
End While
// Print results and messages
Print “Sum is “ + sum
If (sum > 1000)
Printf “Sum is over 1000”
End if
Flow Chart:
C Code
The following is the C Code that will compile in execute in the online compilers.
// C code
// This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers.
// Developer: Faculty CMIS102
// Date: Jan 31, 2014
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* variable definition: */
int count, value, sum;
/* Initialize count and sum */
count = 0;
sum = 0;
// Loop through to input values
while (count < 10)
{
printf("Enter an Integer\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
sum = sum + value;
count = count + 1;
}
printf("Sum is %d\n " , sum );
if (sum >1000)
printf("Sum is over 1000\n");
return 0;
}
Setting up the code and the input parameters in ideone.com:
Note the input integer.
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Looping statements in Java include the while, do-while, and for loops. The while loop executes a statement repeatedly as long as a condition is true. The do-while loop executes a statement once before checking the condition, and continues executing as long as the condition remains true. The for loop allows initialization of a counter variable, a condition to test on each iteration, and an increment statement to execute after each iteration. Loops can become infinite if the condition is never made false, and loops can be nested by placing one loop inside the body of another.
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- 1. THIRTY MINUTES TO MAKING: ARDUINO BASICS: PROGRAMMING
- 2. PARTS! (SAME AS LAST SESSION) • Arduino • Components (LEDs, resistors, etc.) • Your brain
- 3. ARDUINO CODE • Based upon C/C++ • Programs created and uploaded to the Arduino are called sketches. • Sketches can be created in notepad or other text editors.
- 4. LAST SESSION’S LESSON • We made an LED blink. • We turned it on, waited, and then turned it off. • Doing this fast enough made it appear to blink.
- 5. THIS SESSION? • We will work an array of blinking LEDs. • By controlling the order, the array appears to be sweeping. • We will start with explicitly turning each LED on and then off. • …then we will do the same with loops.
- 6. WHAT ARE LOOPS? • A loop performs a task repeatedly until a condition is met. • Some loops are based upon incrementing or decrementing a variable. • Remember, the base code in an Arduino sketch uses a loop – void loop()
- 7. FOR LOOP? • A FOR loop performs a task for as long as the condition is met. • Usually in the format: • Set a variable equal to some number. • Make sure the variable is less than (or greater than) another number. • Perform a mathematical operation (usually addition or subtraction) on the variable to change its value. • Start over.
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- 9. WHY LOOPS? • Because we are lazy inherently efficient. • Type a short command many times -or-a medium command once. • Speaking of lazy: • i = i + 1 can be written i++ • i = i - 1 can be written i-- • (why press five buttons when three will do?) • Like this: For (int i = 1; i < 10; i++){}
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