Energy Conservation is the effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using energy more efficiently. Energy can be conserved by reducing wastage and losses, improving efficiency through technological upgrades. In this thesis, Bluetooth based home lighting control system using Arduino UNO is presented as the good example for energy conservation by applying updated technologies. Bluetooth Module, relays, bulbs, android phone, ardudroid application and power supply are used to complete this system. Not only lighting but also any home appliance can be controlled through the customized smartphone application thanks to the advantages of Bluetooth Wireless Technology. Remote controlled Bluetooth based home lighting control system provides a most modern solution with smartphones. The design is based on mainly a stand alone Arduino BT Board to which home appliances are connected via relays. Password protection is added to protect unauthorized access making a perfect system. Dr. Thida Aung "Arduino Based Home Lighting Control by Android Phone" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26779.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26779/arduino-based-home-lighting-control-by-android-phone/dr-thida-aung
Home Automation Using Arduino Uno and HC-05Vidhi Shah
Controlling the DC motor (as fan) and Light bulb through HC-05 bluetooth module using the bluetooth terminal app from available on play store. The report attached herewith have a detailed description of the Circuit and the code. Interested ones can do further editings also:)
This presentation consisting of home automation using bluetooth controol on the basis of Arduino UNO. Arduino is a rapid proto type , that's why we are using this arduino board. This Arduino UNO consisting of a microcontroller namely ATMEGA328. It has both analog and digital I/O pins inorder to communicate with the external peripherals.
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
Home Automation Using Arduino Uno and HC-05Vidhi Shah
Controlling the DC motor (as fan) and Light bulb through HC-05 bluetooth module using the bluetooth terminal app from available on play store. The report attached herewith have a detailed description of the Circuit and the code. Interested ones can do further editings also:)
This presentation consisting of home automation using bluetooth controol on the basis of Arduino UNO. Arduino is a rapid proto type , that's why we are using this arduino board. This Arduino UNO consisting of a microcontroller namely ATMEGA328. It has both analog and digital I/O pins inorder to communicate with the external peripherals.
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
Notice Board is primary thing in any institution or organization or public utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process.
Arduino based electronic notice board and controlling of home appliances by u...Nunna Swathi
ABSTRACT:Notice boards plays a major role in Educational institutions or any organisations or bus stations and railway stations the information can be shared by means of messages. But sending various messages at a time becomes tedious process by using paper notices . In order to overcome the difficulties we are introducing SMS based notice board . This paper deals with the SMS based notice board incorporating widely used GSM SIM900 for displaying messages via user’s mobile . The main idea behind this paper is to provide the simple and flexible way for the user to display notices on the LED display through messages by using GSM SIM900. This GSM SIM 900 module will be used anywhere irrespective of the place where the network connectivity will be available. In this paper we are not only dealing with the SMS based notice board but also with the home appliances control with the help of ATmega 328 controller . With the help of this controller we are controlling home appliances like Fan and light with the help of the messages sent to GSM SIM900. The GSM SIM900 will receive the commands what we sent from the mobile and operation will perform accordingly.
Keywords: ATmega 328 controller , GSM SIM900 LED Display , Mobile
This ppt explains about Home Automation by Android Application based Remote Control, student is provided with his/her authorized tag to swipe over the reader to record their attendance.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
IOT: Home Automation using Android ApplicationNikhil Jadav
Mobile devices are ideal in providing a user interface, they are portable and their wide range of capabilities. They can communicate with the Home automation network through an internet gateway, and also it can also directly, as these devices usually implement low power communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi.
Innovation is a lifelong process. Designing a product through available technology that will be beneficial to the lives of others is a huge contribution to the society. This paper puts forward the design and implementation of a low cost yet flexible and secure Android based home automation system. The design of the project is based on a Arduino UNO board and the home appliances are connected to the input/output ports of this board via relays. The interaction between the smartphone and the Arduino UNO is wireless. This project is designed to be low cost yet scalable which allows large variety of devices to be controlled with miniscule changes to its core.
Notice Board is primary thing in any institution or organization or public utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process.
Arduino based electronic notice board and controlling of home appliances by u...Nunna Swathi
ABSTRACT:Notice boards plays a major role in Educational institutions or any organisations or bus stations and railway stations the information can be shared by means of messages. But sending various messages at a time becomes tedious process by using paper notices . In order to overcome the difficulties we are introducing SMS based notice board . This paper deals with the SMS based notice board incorporating widely used GSM SIM900 for displaying messages via user’s mobile . The main idea behind this paper is to provide the simple and flexible way for the user to display notices on the LED display through messages by using GSM SIM900. This GSM SIM 900 module will be used anywhere irrespective of the place where the network connectivity will be available. In this paper we are not only dealing with the SMS based notice board but also with the home appliances control with the help of ATmega 328 controller . With the help of this controller we are controlling home appliances like Fan and light with the help of the messages sent to GSM SIM900. The GSM SIM900 will receive the commands what we sent from the mobile and operation will perform accordingly.
Keywords: ATmega 328 controller , GSM SIM900 LED Display , Mobile
This ppt explains about Home Automation by Android Application based Remote Control, student is provided with his/her authorized tag to swipe over the reader to record their attendance.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
IOT: Home Automation using Android ApplicationNikhil Jadav
Mobile devices are ideal in providing a user interface, they are portable and their wide range of capabilities. They can communicate with the Home automation network through an internet gateway, and also it can also directly, as these devices usually implement low power communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi.
Innovation is a lifelong process. Designing a product through available technology that will be beneficial to the lives of others is a huge contribution to the society. This paper puts forward the design and implementation of a low cost yet flexible and secure Android based home automation system. The design of the project is based on a Arduino UNO board and the home appliances are connected to the input/output ports of this board via relays. The interaction between the smartphone and the Arduino UNO is wireless. This project is designed to be low cost yet scalable which allows large variety of devices to be controlled with miniscule changes to its core.
Intelligent Device TO Device Communication Using IoTIJCERT
Internet is becoming the most intrinsic part of the human life. There are many users of the internet but the devices will be the main users in the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices communicate with each other efficiently and gather the information to transfer the data to particular device. The quality of this information depends on how smart the devices are. IoT coverage is very wide and consists of the things or devices connected in network like camera, android phones, sensors etc. Once all these devices are connected with each other, they are capable of processing smartly and satisfying basic needs of environment. Thus the communication between the devices is achieved using various technologies and devices.
IOT Based Smart Home System TechnologiesIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems. It results improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention. On the other hand, IoT systems could also be responsible for performing actions, not just sensing the things. Intelligent Shopping systems, for example could monitor specific users purchasing habits in a store by tracking their specific mobile phones. Other applications that the Internet of Things can provide enabling extended home security features and home automation. This paper relates smart home or home automation which induce technology for home atmosphere which is usage to provide ease and protection to its occupants.
This paper aims to design an Advanced home automation system using normal web server and Wi-Fi technology. The devices can be switched ON OFF and sensors can be read using a Personal Computer PC through Wi-Fi. This paper helps to develop a home automation system that gives the user complete control over all remotely controllable aspects of his or her home. The automation system will have the ability to be controlled from a central host PC, the Internet, and also remotely accessed via a Pocket PC with a Windows Mobile based application. Er. Bharti Sood | Er. Rahul Gupta "Smart Home Automation using Wi-Fi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21372.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/21372/smart-home-automation-using-wi-fi/er-bharti-sood
Design and implementation home security system and monitoring by using wirele...IJECEIAES
The dramatic advancments on communication and networking technologies have led to the emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT technology has opened the door for various applications. In particular, the home automation was one of the common applications that took the advantage of IoT. Several research efforts have addressed the home automation system using IoT covering wide range of functionalities. One of the concerning tasks is providing a secure system that can give alarms for suspicious activities within the house. This paper presents a secure house system based on IoT where several activities are being sensed and detected. Specifically, gas, humidity, body temperature and motion have been considered within the sensing based on two main types of micro-controller including Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Consequentially, an Android prototype has bene developed in order to give an interactive interface for warning the house owner regarding any suscpicious activities. Results of simulation demonstrated the efficancy of the proposed system.
UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATIONIJCNCJournal
This paper presents a flexible standalone, low cost smart home system, which is based on the Android app communicating with the micro-web server providing more than the switching functionalities. The Arduino Ethernet is used to eliminate the use of a personal computer (PC) keeping the cost of the overall system to a inimum while voice activation is incorporated for switching functionalities. Devices such as light switches, power plugs, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors, intrusion detection sensors, smoke/gas sensors and sirens have been integrated in the system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smart home system. The smart home app is tested and it is able successfully perform the smart home operations such as switching functionalities, automatic environmental control and intrusion detection, in the later case where an email is generated and the siren goes on.
Design and implementation of a smart home system with two levels of security ...nooriasukmaningtyas
Besides the development of technology in recent years, there has been an
effective tendency to construct smart cities and homes. Whereas the smart
home control system components can be incorporated with the existing home
appliances to eliminate the need for human intervention, save electricity,
protect homes from accidents as well as the theft, and provide home residents
with comfort. This work comprises the utilising of the internet of things (IoT)
technology to build the proposed design for the smart home. The proposed
design includes many subsystems as well as several types of sensors, such as
the passive infrared (PIR) sensor, the gas sensor, the soil moisture sensor, the
water level sensor, the temperature sensor, the light dependent resistance
(LDR), and the flame sensor. Each sensor will be connected to the Arduino
Nano for the data processing purpose, after which the Arduino Nano will be
connected to the NodeMCU module via the digital pins to implement the IoT
subsystem. The proposed system also includes a smart garage gate based on
Bluetooth HC-05 module with a specially programmed android app.
Smart home system is very popular in current days that give many kind of application that make all simple and easy to control. In modern day, home machines are using wireless equipment and can be retrieved by internet that will make populations life easier and organized. It based Home Computerization System is designed to assist the people with physical debilities and elderly to provide support as well as to control the electrical usages and monitor the room infection using mobile application. The design is using surrounded controller board and the home appliances are physically associated to output ports of this board via relays. The Home Automation is a wireless home computerization system that is supposed to be executed in existing home environments, without any variations in the infrastructure. Arun Kumar. N | Sathiyabama. T "Smart Security System (IOT)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/29337/smart-security-system-iot/arun-kumar-n
Similar to Arduino Based Home Lighting Control by Android Phone (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26779 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1635
Another application of Bluetooth technology was to provide
a connection between an ad hoc wireless network and
existing wired data networks.
The technology was intended to be placed in a low cost
module that could be easily incorporated into electronics
devices of all sorts. Bluetooth uses thelicensefreeIndustrial,
Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band for its radio
signals and enables communications to be established
between devices up to a maximum distance of around 100
meters, although much shorter distancesweremorenormal.
Bluetooth technology is well established and the standard is
being developed to ensure that it meets the growing needs
for connectivity for many electronic devices. Even though it
was initially aimed at streaming audio to items like
headphones and other audio devices, Bluetooth is now able
to provide connectivity for many devices enabling it to be
used for new applications like M2M, IoT and remote device
connectivity.
Bluetooth is designed as a short range, low energy, and low
cost wireless connectivity that users radio technology.
Bluetooth devices work with 2.4GHz frequency. A channel
hoping technique the data is separates into smaller pieces
called packets.
The data packets exchanges between the transmitter and
receiver at one frequency, then at another frequency the
transmitter and receiver exchange another packet. The
process will be continued by repetition until all data is
transmitted. The channels changeseveryuseseventy-nine1-
megahertz frequencies in the ISM band as shown in figure .
The ISM frequency bands having a range of 2.4 GHz and
2.483 GHz in the radio spectrum, has been reserved for
industrial, scientific and medical purposes.
Figure2. Bluetooth Devices Frequencies Hop up to
1600 Times per Second
III. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
A. Arduino UNO
Arduino is a single board computer. Arduino is an open
source physical computing platform based on a simple
input/output (I/O) board. The type of the Arduino board
used in this paper is ATMega328P Arduino Uno
Microcontroller having 2KB static RAM,32KBflashmemory,
8 bit CPU, 6 Analog I/O pins and 14 Digital I/O pins. The
language used to pragram the Arduino microcontroller is
C/C++. Programs are created in the Arduino development
environment that compiling and linking source code and
downloaded to the Arduino board where it starts running.
Arduino is an open-source design for a microcontroller
interface board, it is actually rather more than that, as it
encompasses the software development tools that need to
program an Arduino board, as well as the board itself. There
is a large community of constructions willing to share their
expertise and experience on the Internet.
Arduino is a small microcontroller board with a USB plug to
connect to computer and a number of connection sockets
that can be wired up to external electronics, such as motors,
relays, light sensors, laser diodes, loudspeakers,
microphones, etc. They can either be powered throught the
USB connection from the computer or from a 9V battery.
They can be controlled from the computer or programmed
by the computer and then disconnected and allowedtowork
independently. The Arduino is an open-source hardware
design, anyone is free to take the designs and create their
own clones of the Arduino.
Arduino is an open-source plaform used for building
electronic projects. Arduino consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board and a piece of software, or IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) that runs on the
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the
physical board.
Figure3. Arduino UNO
The Arduino platform has becomequitepopularwithpeople
just starting out with electronics,and forgood reason.Unlike
most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino
does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a
programmer) in order to load new code onto the board - can
simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a
simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to
program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor
that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a
more accessible package. The Uno isoneof themorepopular
boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for
beginners.
B. Bluetooth Module HC-05
The standard feature for cellular phones is a Bluetooth
technology which can be used in wireless connection for
cellular phones and home appliances. Bluetooth technology
gives an efficient method for controllinghomeautomation. It
is a low cost and a secured technology. The Arduino
Bluetooth board is used in the system. The cell phoneisused
python program to supply the user interface. The band
frequency of working is over 2.4 GHz ISM with a range of 10
m and 1 Mbps speed. This module HC-05 provides a good
wireless transmission and a well receiving serial data; it can
be used to provide a connection between MCUandPC forthe
data transferring purpose. The I/O ports of the Bluetooth
board and relays are used to connect the devices which be
controlled. The Bluetooth simply is password protected. A
Bluetooth device has the ability to scan and detect other
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26779 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1636
devices easily. It has the ability of checking whether devices
are working properly or not.
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port
Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial
connection setup. The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used
in a Master or Slave configuration, making it a great solution
for wireless commutation.
The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module.
By default the factory setting is SLAVE. The Role of the
module can be configured only by AT COMMANDS.Theslave
modules cannot initiate a connection to another Bluetooth
device, but can accept connections. Master module can
initiate a connection to other devices.
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module has 6pins. They are as follows:
Enable: When enable is pulled LOW, the module is
disabled which means the module will notturnonand it
fails to communicate. When enable is left open or
connected to 3.3V, the module is enabled i.e the module
remains on and communication also takes place.
Vcc : Supply Voltage 3.3V to 5V.
Gnd: Ground pin
Txd & Rxd: These two pins act as an UART interface for
communication.
State: It acts as a status indicator. When the module is
not connected to / paired with any other bluetooth
device, signal goes Low. At this low state, the led flashes
continuously which denotes that the module is not
paired with other device. When this module is
connected to/paired with any other bluetooth device,
the signal goes High. At this high state, the led blinks
with a constant delay say for example 2s delay which
indicates that the module is paired.
Button Switchs: This is used to switch the module into
AT command mode. ToenableATcommandmode,press
the button switch for a second. With the help of AT
commands, the user can change the parameters of this
module but only when the module isnotpairedwith any
other BT device. If the module is connected to any other
bluetooth device, it starts to communicate with that
device and fails to work in AT command mode.
Figure4. Pin Description of Bluetooth Module
IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
A. Interfacing HC-05 Bluetooth Module with Arduino
Bluetooth Module HC-05 is connected to the 5V and GND pin
of Arduino with connectingwire.Note:IncaseHC-05module
supports 3.3V and 5V please power it using the 5V supply
from Arduino. The TXD pin on the HC-05 module is
connected with the RXD pin (Pin 0) of Arduino. TXD on HC-
05 transmits data from the Bluetooth transceiver. Pin 0 on
Arduino (RXD) receives data on Arduino two-way by
connecting these pins, users are establishing a two-way
communication between Arduino and HC-05, so that can
turn the device get on/off with the command properly. Next,
as the receiver data lines on HC-05 are 3.3V tolerant, need to
convert the 5V input signal from Arduino into a 3.3V signal.
While it can be achieved easily through a bi-direction logic
level converter, using a voltage divider to convert the 5V
input signal into a 3.3V signal.
B. Bluetooth Connection Test
Once user has connected the HC-05 module with the
Arduino, user can power theArduinowith the12VDCsupply
or USB cable. If the red and blue LEDs on HC-05 are blinking,
user has successfully paired the Bluetooth module with
Arduino. Users can also check the Bluetooth connectivity
status using the State pin on Arduino.
C. System Circuit
The circuit design of system based onArduinoand Bluetooth
is very simple and is explained below.
The Bluetooth module has 6 pins but just 4 pins: VCC, TX, RX
and GND are used. Bluetooth module is connected to the
Arduino Uno. Tx pin of Bluetooth module is connectedtothe
Rx pin of Arduino. Rx pin of Bluetooth module is connected
to the Tx pin of Arduino. GND of BT module is connected to
the GND of Arduino. This system is used 7805 IC to get 5volt
supply for BT module and Arduino Uno. 5 volt pin of BT
module and 5volt pin of Arduino are combined and it is
connected to the 5V power supply. Digitalpinsof Arduino(8,
9, 10, 11) are connected to the base of 4 channel relay.
Collector of 4 channel relay is connected to the switchboard
power supply. Emitter of 4 channel relay is grounded.
Positive and negative of switchboard power supply are
connected to the positiveand negativeof bulbs.Fourchannel
relays are used as a switch for turning ON and OFF the home
appliances running on AC mains.
Figure5. System Circuit
D. ArduDroid by TechBitar Application
ArduDroid is a simple tool to control Arduino from Android
phone. It's both an Android app and an Arduino program.
ArduDroid has a simple Android user interface to control
Arduino's digital and PWM pins, send text commands to
Arduino and receive data fromArduinooverBluetooth serial
using the ever popular and really cheap HC-05 Bluetooth
over serial module. This app has been tested and designed
for the HC-05 Serial Bluetooth module. Other Bluetooth
modules may or may not work.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26779 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1637
ArduDroid is an Android app that sends/receives data from
Arduino with the help of an Arduino sketch named
ardudroid.ino. In this sketch, there are four code blocks
supporting the four key functions of ArduDroid. The blocks
are labeled according to their functions in a comment line at
the start of each code block.
Figure6. Software Application of ArduDroid by
TechBitar
E. System Flow Chart
A software implementation is a systematically structured
approach to effectively integrate software based service or
component into the workflow of an organizationalstructure.
Figure7. System Flow Chart
V. TESTS AND RESULTS
The system has been implemented step-by-step and in each
step experimental testing has been made to make sure that
there is no error. Moreover, the important thing is to get
expected results. Lighting ON/OFF has been tested Room by
Room as follows.
The predetermined data from the smartphone is sent to the
Bluetooth Module; it receives this signaland transmitstothe
Arduino. This signal from Arduino is sent to the relay for
switching on and off the bulbs. When the key 8 from the
smartphone is pressed, the bulb in the living room is on as
shown in Figure 8.
Figure8. .Switching ON the Bulb of Living Room
When the key 9 from the smartphone is pressed, the bulb in
the dining room is on as shown in Figure 9
Figure9. Switching ON the Bulb of Dining Room
When the key 10 from the smartphoneispressed,thebulb in
the bed room is on as shown in Figure 10.
Figure10. Switching ON the Bulb of Bed Room
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26779 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1638
When the key 11 from the smartphoneispressed,thebulb in
the warehouse is on as shown in Figure 11.
Figure11. Switching ON the Bulb of Warehouse
After pressing all keys,the bulbs in the all rooms are on as
shown in Figure 12.
Figure12. Switching ON All Bulbs
Figure13. Testing the implemented Circuit
VI. CONCLUSION
It can be concluded thatArduinobased homelightingcontrol
by android phone has been successfully designed and
prototyped. This system consists of an Arduino Unoboard,a
Bluetooth Module, an Android phone, bulbs and an android
Application. It is a low cost, flexible and wireless solution to
the home automation. The Bluetooth client was successfully
tested on a multitude of different mobile phones from
different manufacturers, thus proving its portability and
wide compatibility. The wireless communication between
the cell phone and Arduino BT was available to be limited to
be less than 20ft in a concreted building and maximum of
50ft range was available in an open range. Finally, the
developed system offers a flexible, economical andremotely
controllable smart home automation system.
VII. FURTHER EXTENSION
The rooms can be extended to some extend by modifying a
little in software and hardware design. Light sensors,
temperature sensors, smoke sensors etc. canbeaddedinthe
system to be a smart home system. It can also be designed to
adjust different parameters like room lighting, air
conditioning (room temperature), door locks etc. The
distance of the Bluetooth range can be increased by using
Wi-Fi Topology.
Acknowledgment
The author would like to express her sincere gratitude and
deep appreciation to Dr. Yan Aung Oo, Rector (Acting),
Technological University (Lashio), because of his valuable
suggestions and guidance. The author also thanks to my
colleagues in Department of Electronic Engineering,
Technological University (Lashio) for their help during
developing this system.
Reference
[1] Jhansi Lakshmi, Android Mobile Based Home
Automation using Bluetooth, Sept 2014
[2] Chandre, Home Automation using AndroidApplication
& Bluetooth, Feb 2015, http://www.instructables.com
[3] Mandeep Singh, Bluetooth Technology, Sept 2013,
http://www.reseatchgate.net
[4] Christian Reinisch, Wiewless Communication in Home,
Feb 2007, http://en.m.wikipedia.org
[5] Satish Palaniappan, Home Automation System, April
2015, http://www.webcrawler.com
[6] R. Piyare and T. M, Bluetooth Home Automation Using
Cell Phone, in Consumer Electronics, IEEE 15th
International Symposium on, 2011
[7] M. Yan and H. Shi, Smart Living Using Bluetooth-Based
Android Smart Phone, Int. J. Wirel. Mob. Networks, vol.
5, no. 1, 2013