3. WHAT IS PEDAGOGY?
Pedagogy refers to the study of teaching and
learning in alignment with the predefined goals of
education.
Pedagogy defines the methods adopted for
conducting teaching-learning sessions using
various strategies and approaches adopted by
teachers to ensure the fulfillment of the objective.
Pedagogy is highly influenced by educational
psychology and child psychology.
It is not just concerned with enhancing the
methods of imparting education but also analyzing
learners’ responses.
Its primary objective is to develop effective
learning experiences.
4. LEARNING
Learning is a relatively lasting change in behavior that
is the result of experience.
It is the acquisition of information, knowledge, and
skills.
When you think of learning, it's easy to focus on formal
education that takes place during childhood and early
adulthood.
But learning is an ongoing process that takes place
throughout life and isn't confined to the classroom
5. TEACHING
Teaching is a process of making behavioral changes
among students.
ACADEMIC TEACHING- Is a tripolar process.
Source of Teaching-Event/
Lecture/ Teacher
Learner
Set of designed academic
activities intended primarily to
bring the changes.
7. TEACHING METHODS
Teaching methods are the broader techniques used to help
students achieve LEARNING OUTCOMES, while
ACTIVITIES are the different ways of implementing these
methods.
Teaching methods help students:
master the content of the course
learn how to apply the content in particular contexts
The following should be considered while choosing a teaching
method.
Learning
outcome.
Learning
environment
Teaching
method
12. TYPES OF TEACHING METHODS
12
Lecture Method
Lecture Demonstration Method
Case Study Method
Problem Solving Method
Discovery Method
Studio Method
Project Method
Survey Method
13. LECTURE METHOD
13
Lecture Method is the oldest and most commonly
used basic pedagogic tool.
The word 'lecture' has a Latin origin - 'legere'-
which means 'to read’.
It is a teacher controlled information
centered method of teaching in which teacher is
acting as a sole source of knowledge.
14. LECTURE METHOD 14
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Lecture Method
• Advantages of Lecture Method of Teaching
1. In this teaching method a large amount the topics can be covered in a single class period.
2. Using of this method exclude the using of any equipment or Lab.
3. Learning material is not required.
4. Student listening skills developed.
5. Logical arrangement of the material in order to present it orally
• Disadvantages of Lecture Method of Teaching
1. Psychologically this method is acceptable because individuals are not alike. Teacher delivers the
same lecture to both students without recognizing the individual differences.
2. Learning is an active process thus study should encourage to actively participate in the class room
instead of just listening the teacher.
3. Language using in the lecture is above the standard of the students. They are not able get full
advantage of the lecture.
4. Lecture are often forgotten by the students soon after while learning is retained if activities are
experienced.
5. Attention level is not the same while student listening the lecture
15. LECTURE DEMONSTRATION METHOD
15
Demonstration method of teaching is a traditional
classroom strategy used in technical and training
colleges and in teacher education.
Demonstration Strategy focus to achieve psychomotor
and cognitive objectives.
Teacher should himself prepare the models for
demonstrations and encourage the learners too
Demonstration should be followed by discussion
A teacher must have the ability to use audio-visual
aids with expertise
16. CASE STUDY METHOD 16
Case studies is an instructional method (not a theory) that refers to assigned scenarios
based on situations in which students observe, analyze, record, implement, conclude,
summarize, or recommend.
Case studies are created and used as a tool for analysis and discussion.
Case studies are have long been used in business schools, law schools, medical schools
and the social sciences, but they can be used in any discipline when instructors want
students to explore how what they have learned applies to real world situations.
Most case assignments require students to answer an open-ended question or develop a
solution to an open-ended problem with multiple potential solutions.
17. CASE STUDY METHOD 17
• Advantages to the use of case studies in class
• A major advantage of teaching with case studies is that the students are actively engaged
in figuring out the principles by abstracting from the examples. This develops their skills
in:
1. Problem solving
2. Analytical tools, quantitative and/or qualitative, depending on the case
3. Decision making in complex situations
4. Coping with ambiguities
18. PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD 18
• Problem solving is the process of applying a method – not known in advance – to a
problem that is subject to a specific set of conditions and that the problem solver has not
seen before, in order to obtain a satisfactory solution.
• Stresses critical thinking and decision making skills .
19. DISCOVERY METHOD 19
Discovery learning is an inquiry-based learning method that takes a constructivist
approach to education
Students are encouraged to construct their own knowledge through a self-directed
learning process—essentially “instructionless” learning.
The Discovery Learning Method is an active, hands-on style of learning, originated by
Jerome Bruner in the 1960s.
Bruner emphasized that we should be “learning by doing.”
