Its about the droughts and desertification.The causes, effects, problems faced and solutions to these problems.
In short I think its perfect a short review.
The Sahel region of Africa, including Burkina Faso, has experienced regular drought and desertification since the 1980s. This is caused by both natural factors like dry seasons and human activities such as overgrazing, over-cultivation, and deforestation. The resulting desertification leads to crop failure, soil erosion, famine, and increased mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. In Niger in 2004, locust plagues exacerbated food shortages caused by desertification, forcing people to rely on international food aid. Efforts to reduce desertification in Burkina Faso include afforestation, building stone lines, decreasing livestock, and national plans to address climate change impacts, though challenges to implementation remain.
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert. It is affecting parts of Africa, especially the Sahel region. The main causes are human activities like overfarming, overgrazing, and deforestation combined with low rainfall. This degrades the soil so plants cannot grow, leaving the ground unprotected from further erosion by wind and water. As the land becomes desert, it negatively impacts people, wildlife and the economy through famine and forced migration. Efforts to stop desertification include planting trees, terracing land, and building irrigation systems.
Desertification is the degradation of land in dryland areas caused by various factors including climate change and human activities. Nearly half the world's land is drylands, with overgrazing, overcultivation, deforestation, and drought being the main causes of desertification. The removal of vegetation leaves soil exposed to wind and water erosion, reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. This in turn can lead to food shortages, malnutrition, and migration from affected areas. Solutions include sustainable land management practices, drought-resistant crops, afforestation programs, and improved access to water resources.
The document discusses drought and desertification in the Sahel region of Africa. Drought has plagued the Sahel for five years, causing over 100,000 human deaths and 12 million cattle deaths. Land use practices, rather than drought, are the main problem. Desertification is the process by which deserts spread into surrounding semi-arid areas. Factors like population increase, cattle grazing, deforestation, and soil erosion from wind have contributed to desertification in the Sahel region.
Desertification is the process by which productive land is turned into desert. It is caused by both climate factors like drought as well as human activities. Prolonged drought since 1968 caused trees and grass to die, leaving the topsoil exposed. This led to increased wind and water erosion of soils. Overgrazing and over-cultivation to increase food production also degraded soils. The loss of vegetation and increased erosion exacerbated desertification. As the process continued, it caused food shortages, malnutrition, disease and migration to cities among affected populations. Solutions proposed to address desertification include controlling population growth, improving farming and grazing methods, enacting legislation to restrict activities causing degradation, and implementing reforestation and water management
Desertification occurs when land becomes desert-like due to climate change or human activity. The Sahel region south of the Sahara desert is very vulnerable to desertification. In the 1950s-60s, above average rainfall allowed for increased agriculture, but droughts in the 1970s caused widespread crop and livestock losses. Desertification results from both physical factors like reduced vegetation and soil exposure to the elements, as well as human causes such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practices. Successful tactics for reducing desertification include planting trees, terracing, and using magic stones to retain water and nutrients in the soil.
Deserts And Desertification The Causes ,Consequences And ChallengesChristina Parmionova
Desertification is the expansion of dry lands due to various human and environmental factors. It is caused by a complex interaction between human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change and the natural environment. These activities degrade soils, reduce vegetation cover, and disrupt water cycles, promoting the spread of deserts. Desertification is a global problem, prevalent along the margins of arid and semi-arid lands in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America.
The Sahel region of Africa, including Burkina Faso, has experienced regular drought and desertification since the 1980s. This is caused by both natural factors like dry seasons and human activities such as overgrazing, over-cultivation, and deforestation. The resulting desertification leads to crop failure, soil erosion, famine, and increased mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. In Niger in 2004, locust plagues exacerbated food shortages caused by desertification, forcing people to rely on international food aid. Efforts to reduce desertification in Burkina Faso include afforestation, building stone lines, decreasing livestock, and national plans to address climate change impacts, though challenges to implementation remain.
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert. It is affecting parts of Africa, especially the Sahel region. The main causes are human activities like overfarming, overgrazing, and deforestation combined with low rainfall. This degrades the soil so plants cannot grow, leaving the ground unprotected from further erosion by wind and water. As the land becomes desert, it negatively impacts people, wildlife and the economy through famine and forced migration. Efforts to stop desertification include planting trees, terracing land, and building irrigation systems.
Desertification is the degradation of land in dryland areas caused by various factors including climate change and human activities. Nearly half the world's land is drylands, with overgrazing, overcultivation, deforestation, and drought being the main causes of desertification. The removal of vegetation leaves soil exposed to wind and water erosion, reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. This in turn can lead to food shortages, malnutrition, and migration from affected areas. Solutions include sustainable land management practices, drought-resistant crops, afforestation programs, and improved access to water resources.
The document discusses drought and desertification in the Sahel region of Africa. Drought has plagued the Sahel for five years, causing over 100,000 human deaths and 12 million cattle deaths. Land use practices, rather than drought, are the main problem. Desertification is the process by which deserts spread into surrounding semi-arid areas. Factors like population increase, cattle grazing, deforestation, and soil erosion from wind have contributed to desertification in the Sahel region.
Desertification is the process by which productive land is turned into desert. It is caused by both climate factors like drought as well as human activities. Prolonged drought since 1968 caused trees and grass to die, leaving the topsoil exposed. This led to increased wind and water erosion of soils. Overgrazing and over-cultivation to increase food production also degraded soils. The loss of vegetation and increased erosion exacerbated desertification. As the process continued, it caused food shortages, malnutrition, disease and migration to cities among affected populations. Solutions proposed to address desertification include controlling population growth, improving farming and grazing methods, enacting legislation to restrict activities causing degradation, and implementing reforestation and water management
Desertification occurs when land becomes desert-like due to climate change or human activity. The Sahel region south of the Sahara desert is very vulnerable to desertification. In the 1950s-60s, above average rainfall allowed for increased agriculture, but droughts in the 1970s caused widespread crop and livestock losses. Desertification results from both physical factors like reduced vegetation and soil exposure to the elements, as well as human causes such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practices. Successful tactics for reducing desertification include planting trees, terracing, and using magic stones to retain water and nutrients in the soil.
Deserts And Desertification The Causes ,Consequences And ChallengesChristina Parmionova
Desertification is the expansion of dry lands due to various human and environmental factors. It is caused by a complex interaction between human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change and the natural environment. These activities degrade soils, reduce vegetation cover, and disrupt water cycles, promoting the spread of deserts. Desertification is a global problem, prevalent along the margins of arid and semi-arid lands in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America.
Desertification by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
Desertification is the process by which productive land becomes desert due to human activity and climate changes. Overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation degrade vegetation and soil. About 1 billion people in over 100 countries are directly affected as the desert expands. Controlling desertification requires reducing livestock, replanting vegetation, and sustainable land management practices. Pakistan faces desertification due to low rainfall in many areas as well as human causes like overgrazing, tree cutting, and waterlogging from poor irrigation. Reversing desertification helps prevent economic and social problems from loss of agricultural land.
Desertification occurs where semi-arid lands bordering deserts lose vegetation and soil fertility due to drought and human activities. The Sahel region in Africa is highly vulnerable to desertification due to its semi-arid climate and experienced periods of drought in the 1970s that caused widespread impacts. Desertification results from both physical processes like soil erosion from wind and water after vegetation dies as well as human factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture that degrade the soil.
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture. It can be controlled by stopping deforestation, planting new trees and using irrigation. Desertification affects plants and animals by depriving them of water and food. It can be prevented by conservation efforts like reforestation and establishing protected areas.
The document discusses the environmental, economic, social, and political consequences of food production. Environmentally, increased population can lead to desertification through overcultivation, overgrazing, and depletion of groundwater stores. Desertification occurs as productive land turns to desert due to soil erosion and loss of vegetation from these practices. Monocultures from intensive farming also reduce biodiversity and rely on fertilizers and pesticides.
Soil degradation and desertification Ashish(2011A22BIV)AshishNain
This document discusses soil degradation and desertification. It defines soil degradation as the decline in soil quality from improper use, which can include erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation, and chemical degradation. Desertification occurs when degradation becomes so severe that the land is no longer usable. The main causes of desertification are noted as human factors like high population and poor land management practices such as overgrazing, deforestation, and overcropping, as well as climatic changes including reduced rainfall and global warming. The effects of desertification include disrupting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - leading to issues like loss of arable land, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and loss of biod
The document discusses desertification in Cyprus and efforts to address it. Climate change is having a major impact on Cyprus, seen through a reduction in rainfall of about 100mm over 118 years and a temperature increase of 0.5 degrees Celsius in the last 20 years. Drought is a growing problem for Cyprus due to reduced water availability. To combat drought and desertification, Cyprus employs various strategies like building dams to store rainwater, purifying wastewater for reuse, and desalinating seawater. Dust levels are also a concern for air quality and health. Overall, the document outlines how climate change is exacerbating desertification in Cyprus and the multi-pronged approaches taken to manage the problem.
Desertification is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation. It affects one third of the world's land and millions of people. It degrades soil quality, reduces vegetation and biodiversity, and causes problems like drought, famine and poor water quality. Solutions include sustainable agriculture, controlled grazing, crop rotation, land management practices, and tree planting to reduce erosion and manage dry land resources.
The document discusses desertification, including its causes and strategies to deal with the problem. Desertification is the process by which land turns to desert, caused by both natural and human factors. Unsustainable human land uses like arable farming, cattle farming, and cash cropping can lead to overgrazing, overcultivation, and soil erosion, turning the land into desert. The Sahel region of Africa is a case study of this issue, as climate change and increased population have exacerbated problems from commercial agriculture and caused desertification. Proposed strategies to address desertification include water conservation techniques, controlled grazing, shelter belts, education, reforestation, and strip farming.
Desertification is a major threat in Africa, particularly in the Sahel region just below the Sahara desert. It occurs when dryland areas are degraded due to factors like overgrazing, drought, and harmful agricultural practices. This causes a reduction in vegetation which can lead to increased desertification. As the land becomes desert and less fertile, it affects local populations through issues like migration, poverty, lack of food, and higher death rates. The Sahara desert is expanding southward by around 30 miles per year, worsening the problem. Unless patterns of degradation are reversed, Africa may only be able to feed 25% of its population by 2025 due to the impacts of desertification.
Land resources , soil erosion and land degradationChetan Pandey
This presentation is all about land resources. It covers following topics
1. What is land
2. What are land Resources.
3. What is soil
4. Fertile soil and Infertile soil.
5. soil erosion.
6. causes of soil erosion
7. land degradation and prevention methord
This document discusses land pollution. It defines land pollution as the deposition of solid or liquid waste on land that can contaminate soil and groundwater. The main sources of land pollution are identified as increased urbanization, agricultural activities, domestic waste, and industrial activities. Effects of land pollution include harming wildlife, destroying vegetation, and in severe cases causing human fatalities. The document recommends prevention measures like organic farming, proper waste disposal, recycling, and reduced chemical usage to address land pollution.
The document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change and human activities. Approximately 1/5 of the world's land is threatened by desertification, negatively impacting millions of lives. Major causes include overgrazing, drought, deforestation, urbanization, and excessive farming. Consequences are environmental, economic, and social, including reduced crop yields, hunger, flooding, and biodiversity loss. Solutions proposed are policy changes regarding land use, education, reforestation, sustainable practices, and rehabilitation efforts.
This document discusses drought, its causes, effects, and suggestions for prevention. It defines drought as a period of below average precipitation resulting in water shortages. The causes of drought include deforestation, global warming, excess water use, and lack of precipitation. The economic, environmental and social impacts of drought are outlined, such as losses to agriculture, wildlife habitat destruction, and health problems. Suggestions to prevent drought include stopping deforestation, xeriscaping, reducing pollution, saving water through conservation methods, using drought resistant crops, and advanced irrigation systems. Artificial glaciers created using pipes and cold temperatures are also mentioned as a method used in India to harvest water.
Deforestation is clearing forests on a large scale which damages the land. Each year, areas the size of Panama are lost. At the current rate, the world's rainforests could vanish within 100 years. Forests are cut down mainly for agriculture and logging, to provide more farmland and wood products. This leads to habitat loss, accelerated climate change, and increased greenhouse gases as trees that absorb carbon are removed. More sustainable forest management through reduced clear-cutting and increased replanting efforts could help address the problem.
This document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land turning into desert. Approximately one-third of India's land is dry or arid and increasing annually, with 90% of land in Kutch and Saurashtra affected by desertification. Desertification is caused by factors like semi-arid land influencing human habitation and animal grazing, which reduces land fertility; salty water sweeping onto fertile coastal land; continuous farming without fertilizer or manure use; and soil erosion by wind and streams. Methods to minimize desertification discussed include water conservation through check dams, irrigation, collecting rainwater, and dry land farming of cactus species that require little water.
Desertification is threatening farmers in West Africa as fertile land becomes too dry to support life due to overgrazing, overfarming, and drought. These practices damage the topsoil so it cannot hold nutrients or water. Solutions include stopping overuse of land, new irrigation projects, and planting drought-resistant crops to repair the topsoil. If not addressed, desertification could cause the Sahara Desert to expand further.
This document discusses various methods for managing desertification and soil erosion in different regions. It describes how farmers in the Sahel region of Africa have successfully reduced desertification by planting trees that stabilize soil and increase moisture retention. It also provides examples from the US and Australia of using controlled livestock grazing to mimic the effects of historical large herbivores in reducing unwanted vegetation and increasing soil organic matter. Afforestation efforts in Niger have enabled farming to resume on lands that had become barren due to overgrazing and deforestation. Managing irrigation and installing check dams in Australian orchards has reduced erosion and improved soil quality and production.
This document discusses Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which apply communications and information technologies to provide solutions for traffic congestion and control issues. ITS integrate advanced technologies like electronics, computers, communications and sensors to provide travelers with important information while improving transportation system safety and efficiency. Examples of ITS applications discussed include emergency vehicle notification, automatic road enforcement, variable speed limits, and collision avoidance systems. The document also discusses benefits of ITS like reduced accidents, improved fuel efficiency, and real-time traffic monitoring and evaluation. ITS have been successfully implemented in some developed countries and helped reduce congestion, accidents and fuel waste while improving economic transportation. Implementing ITS in the author's country could help solve traffic problems there as well.
Desertification by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
Desertification is the process by which productive land becomes desert due to human activity and climate changes. Overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation degrade vegetation and soil. About 1 billion people in over 100 countries are directly affected as the desert expands. Controlling desertification requires reducing livestock, replanting vegetation, and sustainable land management practices. Pakistan faces desertification due to low rainfall in many areas as well as human causes like overgrazing, tree cutting, and waterlogging from poor irrigation. Reversing desertification helps prevent economic and social problems from loss of agricultural land.
Desertification occurs where semi-arid lands bordering deserts lose vegetation and soil fertility due to drought and human activities. The Sahel region in Africa is highly vulnerable to desertification due to its semi-arid climate and experienced periods of drought in the 1970s that caused widespread impacts. Desertification results from both physical processes like soil erosion from wind and water after vegetation dies as well as human factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture that degrade the soil.
Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture. It can be controlled by stopping deforestation, planting new trees and using irrigation. Desertification affects plants and animals by depriving them of water and food. It can be prevented by conservation efforts like reforestation and establishing protected areas.
The document discusses the environmental, economic, social, and political consequences of food production. Environmentally, increased population can lead to desertification through overcultivation, overgrazing, and depletion of groundwater stores. Desertification occurs as productive land turns to desert due to soil erosion and loss of vegetation from these practices. Monocultures from intensive farming also reduce biodiversity and rely on fertilizers and pesticides.
Soil degradation and desertification Ashish(2011A22BIV)AshishNain
This document discusses soil degradation and desertification. It defines soil degradation as the decline in soil quality from improper use, which can include erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation, and chemical degradation. Desertification occurs when degradation becomes so severe that the land is no longer usable. The main causes of desertification are noted as human factors like high population and poor land management practices such as overgrazing, deforestation, and overcropping, as well as climatic changes including reduced rainfall and global warming. The effects of desertification include disrupting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - leading to issues like loss of arable land, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and loss of biod
The document discusses desertification in Cyprus and efforts to address it. Climate change is having a major impact on Cyprus, seen through a reduction in rainfall of about 100mm over 118 years and a temperature increase of 0.5 degrees Celsius in the last 20 years. Drought is a growing problem for Cyprus due to reduced water availability. To combat drought and desertification, Cyprus employs various strategies like building dams to store rainwater, purifying wastewater for reuse, and desalinating seawater. Dust levels are also a concern for air quality and health. Overall, the document outlines how climate change is exacerbating desertification in Cyprus and the multi-pronged approaches taken to manage the problem.
Desertification is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation. It affects one third of the world's land and millions of people. It degrades soil quality, reduces vegetation and biodiversity, and causes problems like drought, famine and poor water quality. Solutions include sustainable agriculture, controlled grazing, crop rotation, land management practices, and tree planting to reduce erosion and manage dry land resources.
The document discusses desertification, including its causes and strategies to deal with the problem. Desertification is the process by which land turns to desert, caused by both natural and human factors. Unsustainable human land uses like arable farming, cattle farming, and cash cropping can lead to overgrazing, overcultivation, and soil erosion, turning the land into desert. The Sahel region of Africa is a case study of this issue, as climate change and increased population have exacerbated problems from commercial agriculture and caused desertification. Proposed strategies to address desertification include water conservation techniques, controlled grazing, shelter belts, education, reforestation, and strip farming.
Desertification is a major threat in Africa, particularly in the Sahel region just below the Sahara desert. It occurs when dryland areas are degraded due to factors like overgrazing, drought, and harmful agricultural practices. This causes a reduction in vegetation which can lead to increased desertification. As the land becomes desert and less fertile, it affects local populations through issues like migration, poverty, lack of food, and higher death rates. The Sahara desert is expanding southward by around 30 miles per year, worsening the problem. Unless patterns of degradation are reversed, Africa may only be able to feed 25% of its population by 2025 due to the impacts of desertification.
Land resources , soil erosion and land degradationChetan Pandey
This presentation is all about land resources. It covers following topics
1. What is land
2. What are land Resources.
3. What is soil
4. Fertile soil and Infertile soil.
5. soil erosion.
6. causes of soil erosion
7. land degradation and prevention methord
This document discusses land pollution. It defines land pollution as the deposition of solid or liquid waste on land that can contaminate soil and groundwater. The main sources of land pollution are identified as increased urbanization, agricultural activities, domestic waste, and industrial activities. Effects of land pollution include harming wildlife, destroying vegetation, and in severe cases causing human fatalities. The document recommends prevention measures like organic farming, proper waste disposal, recycling, and reduced chemical usage to address land pollution.
The document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land transforming into desert due to factors like climate change and human activities. Approximately 1/5 of the world's land is threatened by desertification, negatively impacting millions of lives. Major causes include overgrazing, drought, deforestation, urbanization, and excessive farming. Consequences are environmental, economic, and social, including reduced crop yields, hunger, flooding, and biodiversity loss. Solutions proposed are policy changes regarding land use, education, reforestation, sustainable practices, and rehabilitation efforts.
This document discusses drought, its causes, effects, and suggestions for prevention. It defines drought as a period of below average precipitation resulting in water shortages. The causes of drought include deforestation, global warming, excess water use, and lack of precipitation. The economic, environmental and social impacts of drought are outlined, such as losses to agriculture, wildlife habitat destruction, and health problems. Suggestions to prevent drought include stopping deforestation, xeriscaping, reducing pollution, saving water through conservation methods, using drought resistant crops, and advanced irrigation systems. Artificial glaciers created using pipes and cold temperatures are also mentioned as a method used in India to harvest water.
Deforestation is clearing forests on a large scale which damages the land. Each year, areas the size of Panama are lost. At the current rate, the world's rainforests could vanish within 100 years. Forests are cut down mainly for agriculture and logging, to provide more farmland and wood products. This leads to habitat loss, accelerated climate change, and increased greenhouse gases as trees that absorb carbon are removed. More sustainable forest management through reduced clear-cutting and increased replanting efforts could help address the problem.
This document discusses desertification, which is the process of fertile land turning into desert. Approximately one-third of India's land is dry or arid and increasing annually, with 90% of land in Kutch and Saurashtra affected by desertification. Desertification is caused by factors like semi-arid land influencing human habitation and animal grazing, which reduces land fertility; salty water sweeping onto fertile coastal land; continuous farming without fertilizer or manure use; and soil erosion by wind and streams. Methods to minimize desertification discussed include water conservation through check dams, irrigation, collecting rainwater, and dry land farming of cactus species that require little water.
Desertification is threatening farmers in West Africa as fertile land becomes too dry to support life due to overgrazing, overfarming, and drought. These practices damage the topsoil so it cannot hold nutrients or water. Solutions include stopping overuse of land, new irrigation projects, and planting drought-resistant crops to repair the topsoil. If not addressed, desertification could cause the Sahara Desert to expand further.
This document discusses various methods for managing desertification and soil erosion in different regions. It describes how farmers in the Sahel region of Africa have successfully reduced desertification by planting trees that stabilize soil and increase moisture retention. It also provides examples from the US and Australia of using controlled livestock grazing to mimic the effects of historical large herbivores in reducing unwanted vegetation and increasing soil organic matter. Afforestation efforts in Niger have enabled farming to resume on lands that had become barren due to overgrazing and deforestation. Managing irrigation and installing check dams in Australian orchards has reduced erosion and improved soil quality and production.
This document discusses Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which apply communications and information technologies to provide solutions for traffic congestion and control issues. ITS integrate advanced technologies like electronics, computers, communications and sensors to provide travelers with important information while improving transportation system safety and efficiency. Examples of ITS applications discussed include emergency vehicle notification, automatic road enforcement, variable speed limits, and collision avoidance systems. The document also discusses benefits of ITS like reduced accidents, improved fuel efficiency, and real-time traffic monitoring and evaluation. ITS have been successfully implemented in some developed countries and helped reduce congestion, accidents and fuel waste while improving economic transportation. Implementing ITS in the author's country could help solve traffic problems there as well.
This document summarizes a presentation on monorail technology. It discusses the history of monorails dating back to the early 1800s, describes different types of monorail systems including straddle and suspended types, and covers technical aspects like power, wheels, and switching mechanisms. Advantages include safety, reliability, and environmental friendliness, while disadvantages include limited capacity and inability to run without electricity. Famous existing monorail systems are highlighted from places like Germany, Japan, Florida, and Washington.
The document discusses the Mumbai Monorail system. It provides details on the history, construction, ownership, operations, merits and demerits of the monorail. The Mumbai Monorail is owned and operated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority. It was built to provide feeder service to Mumbai's suburban rail network and runs along an 8.9 km elevated track between Chembur and Wadala, with plans to expand further. Key benefits include lower noise and pollution compared to buses, but it relies on electricity and a full shutdown is required to replace any section of track.
This is really a good topic for seminar.
in this some information may be old for you by the time you receive this topic but then too i have tried to put recent informations bout this topic.since monorail technology is developing so fast .this may be called as one of the burning topics in civil engineering
The document discusses user attitudes towards automated highway systems. It found broad acceptance of safety and warning systems, driver assistance systems, and fully automated highways. Acceptance varied between social groups and the different stages of development. Safety and warning systems, which provide information to drivers about road conditions and potential dangers, were already used by 50% of drivers and found useful, reliable, and good value especially for unfamiliar journeys, at night, and on motorways.
This document discusses desertification, providing definitions, categories, causes, consequences, and case studies. Desertification is land degradation in dryland regions resulting in increased aridity. It is caused by factors like overgrazing, drought, deforestation, and climate change. Consequences include environmental impacts like loss of vegetation and biodiversity, as well as economic and social impacts like increased poverty and conflicts. Case studies discussed include desertification issues in China, California, the Sahel region, and parts of India. Overall strategies to address desertification include sustainable land management practices.
Desertification, define, deserts of the world, types of desertification, causes of desertification, impacts of desertification, desertification in Pakistan, solutions for desertification
Desertification is land degradation in dry areas caused by climate change and human activities. It has four categories ranging from light to very severe damage to vegetation and soil. India faces high rates of desertification due to overuse of lands, overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, clearing land for construction, and high population growth. Consequences include environmental damage like reduced biodiversity, economic impacts like decreased crop yields and poverty, and social effects like famine. Combating desertification involves raising awareness, planting native trees, sustainable agriculture, community involvement, women's empowerment, and developing rural markets.
Desertification is land degradation in dryland areas caused by climatic variations and human activities. The main causes are deforestation, soil erosion, clearing land for construction, and population pressures. Deforestation removes trees that anchor soil and regulate rainfall. Soil erosion degrades and depletes soils, reducing their ability to support life. Construction activities and population growth increase pressure on limited resources. Desertification has environmental, economic and social impacts like reduced biodiversity, famine, and climate change. Combating desertification requires awareness, sustainable land management like tree planting, and community involvement. The document provides examples of desertification in regions like Africa, China, and the Mediterranean island of Malta.
This document discusses drought, including its causes, types, regions affected, and methods of protection and relief. A drought is defined as an extended period of deficient water supply, either from surface or underground sources. It can last months or years and is caused by consistently low precipitation. Droughts can have significant environmental, economic, social and health impacts. Types of drought include meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts. Regions commonly affected include parts of India and Brazil. Protection and relief efforts include dams, cloud seeding, desalination, land use practices, water restrictions, rainwater harvesting and water recycling.
Desertification is caused by both human and environmental factors and is a significant problem globally. The document discusses several types and causes of desertification including drought, overgrazing, overcultivation, and removal of trees. It also outlines various countermeasures that can be taken to address desertification such as reforestation, soil fixation, contour trenching, and managed grazing. However, large-scale afforestation efforts in China have failed to solve desertification due to the arid climate not being suitable for tree growth and survival with low rainfall under 500mm annually.
Three main points:
1. Desertification is a type of land degradation where dry regions become more arid, losing vegetation and wildlife. It is caused by factors like drought, overgrazing, overcultivation, and removal of trees.
2. Categories of desertification range from light to very severe based on damage to vegetation and soil. Countermeasures include reforestation, soil fixation, contour trenching, and managed grazing.
3. Large-scale afforestation efforts in China have failed to solve desertification due to unsuitable climate with low rainfall, as the natural vegetation is grassland or desert in semiarid and arid regions with 50-500mm of rain. Previous attempts at aff
Drought & Desertification measures of mitigation ,Types of drought SANDEEP PATRE
Drought & Desertification measures of mitigation ,Types of drought ,Drought Causes, Effects of Drought .
Types of deserts and the global distribution of deserts, Factors for desert formation, Mitigation:
Erosion control techniques like terracing, contour plowing, contour bunding, and windbreaks are used to prevent soil erosion. Terracing involves creating stepped fields on sloped land to slow water runoff. Contour plowing involves plowing across slopes along elevation contours to allow water to slowly settle into the soil. Tree planting and using organic fertilizers also help control erosion and improve soil quality over time. Sustainable land management practices like conservation agriculture can mitigate climate change by reducing emissions and increasing carbon absorption in soils and forests.
Soil erosion is a major problem in India caused by various natural and human factors. The main natural causes are heavy rainfall, wind, and steep slopes. Key human factors include deforestation, overgrazing, and improper agricultural techniques such as lack of crop rotation. Soil erosion occurs through processes such as sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, and wind erosion. It leads to negative environmental and economic impacts like loss of fertile topsoil and siltation of waterways. Efforts are needed to prevent erosion through terracing, contour ploughing, afforestation, and other conservation methods.
climatic and soil factors in dryland farming in indian region, you will understand the different variations regarding the dryland farming and you can understand about the dryland techniques.
Drought is a period of below-average precipitation that results in water shortages. It can last for months or years and significantly impact ecosystems, agriculture, and local economies. Drought is caused by factors like low precipitation, dry seasons, climate change, and human activities like overfarming and deforestation. Some areas that are particularly prone to drought include Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. Common consequences of drought are reduced crop yields, dust storms, famine, wildlife migration, and conflicts over scarce resources. Drought preparedness plans focus on prediction, monitoring, impact assessment, and response.
Deforestation has led to several environmental consequences:
1) It disrupts the water cycle, reducing rainfall and causing drought.
2) It creates an imbalance in atmospheric gases as fewer plants absorb carbon dioxide.
3) It degrades soil quality as trees are no longer there to prevent erosion.
This document discusses water resources and issues related to their over-exploitation and management. It notes that while water covers 70% of the Earth, only 3% is freshwater and a small fraction of that is available for human use. Nearly 90% of India's water is used for agriculture. The document outlines over-utilization of surface and groundwater resources, which has led to problems like decreasing water tables, land subsidence, saltwater intrusion in coastal areas, and drying of wells. Droughts and floods are also discussed, including their causes and effects on environments, economies, and human and animal populations. Solutions for managing water resources like dams, desalination, and rainwater harvesting are mentioned.
Soil erosion is a major problem in India caused by various natural and human factors. The key causes are heavy rainfall, deforestation, overgrazing, and poor agricultural practices. This strips away topsoil, especially on steep slopes. Regions highly impacted include Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and the Himalayan foothills. To control erosion, methods such as terracing, contour plowing, afforestation, and constructing dams have been used. Preventing further environmental degradation and switching to sustainable farming techniques are important to reduce soil loss.
The document discusses various processes of soil erosion by wind and water. Wind erosion primarily occurs through saltation, which moves particles up to 0.4mm in diameter through a series of jumps, and can create blowouts on dunes. Water erosion involves raindrop impact, rainsplash, sheetwash, and the formation of rills and gullies. Farming practices like excessive tillage and removing vegetation can increase erosion risk, resulting in loss of nutrients, sedimentation in reservoirs, and reduced soil productivity. Methods to prevent erosion include maintaining soil structure, providing organic matter, using windbreaks, mulching, and contour plowing.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
The document discusses various aspects of going green including its meaning, benefits, ways to go green, and consequences of not going green. Specifically, going green means conserving energy and resources to reduce pollution and save money. It helps reduce resource depletion, recycling, and prevents various forms of pollution and environmental degradation that harm wildlife. The document provides tips like saving energy and water, reducing waste, and suggests considering environmental impacts before consuming to live more sustainably.
Desertification is a significant global problem caused by both human and environmental factors. It involves dry land regions becoming increasingly arid and losing vegetation and wildlife. There are various types and causes of desertification including drought, overgrazing, overcultivation, and removal of trees. Countermeasures aim to prevent further desertification through reforestation, soil fixation, contour trenching, farmer-managed natural regeneration, and managed grazing. Past large-scale afforestation efforts in China's dry northwest have failed due to unsuitable climate conditions of low rainfall, though some localized successes have occurred near available water sources.
There is a tremendous amount of news being disseminated every day online about dangerous forever chemicals called PFAS. In this interview with a global PFAS testing expert, Geraint Williams of ALS, he and York Analytical President Michael Beckerich discuss the hot-button issues for the environmental engineering and consulting industry -- the wider range of PFAS contamination sites, new PFAS that are unregulated, and the compliance challenges ahead.
Widespread PFAS contamination requires stringent sampling and laboratory analyses by certified laboratories only -- whether it is for PFAS in soil, groundwater, wastewater or drinking water.
Contact us at York Analytical Laboratories for expert environmental testing with fast turnaround times and client service. We have 4 state-certified laboratories in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, and 4 client service centers.
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Emerging Earth Observation methods for monitoring sustainable food productionCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniela Requena Suarez, Helmholtz GeoResearch Center Potsdam (GFZ) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
(Q)SAR Assessment Framework: Guidance for Assessing (Q)SAR Models and Predict...hannahthabet
The webinar provided an overview of the new OECD (Q)SAR Assessment Framework for evaluating the scientific validity of (Q)SAR models, predictions, and results from multiple predictions. The QAF provides assessment elements for existing principles for evaluating models, as well as new principles for evaluating predictions and results. In addition to the principles, assessment elements, and guidance for evaluating each element, the QAF includes a checklist for reporting assessments.
This new Framework provides regulators with a consistent and transparent approach for reviewing the use of (Q)SAR predictions in a regulatory context and increases the confidence to accept alternative methods for evaluating chemical hazards. The OECD worked closely together with the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italy) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), supported by a variety of international experts to develop a checklist of criteria and guidance for evaluating each criterion. The aim of the QAF is to help establish confidence in the use of (Q)SARs in evaluating chemical safety, and was designed to be applicable irrespective of the modelling technique used to build the model, the predicted endpoint, and the intended regulatory purpose.
The webinar provided an overview of the project and presented the main aspects of the framework for assessing models and results based on individual or multiple predictions.
2. A DROUGHT IS OFTEN CALLED A SILENT killer. It
unfolds slowly, gradually takes away what you have
acquired over the years , and pushes you into the
clutches of unmanageable poverty.
A drought can last for months or years, or may be
declared after as few as 15 days.
INTRODUCTION
3. DROUGHTS
A drought is a long
period of time in
which a certain region
receives a shortage of
water.
It may last for months
or years
4. Even a short, intense drought can cause
significant damage and harm to the local
economy.
5. DESERTIFICATION
Desertification is the
process which turns
productive land into non-
productive desert as a
result of poor land-
management.
Occurs mainly in semi-
arid areas
6. The extension of typical desert landscapes,
landforms and processes to areas where they
did not occur in the recent past.
7. Causes of Desertification
Causes of Desertification
• There are 4 main factors in desertification
• Drought
• Over grazing
•Over cultivation
• Trees used for fuel and shelter
8. Causes of Desertification
Overgrazing –
◦ too many animals grazing on the land
◦ animals eat all the vegetation
◦ vegetation fails to grow
◦ soil is exposed to rain and wind
◦ soil is washed or blown away.
9. Causes of Desertification
Overcultivation –
◦ many crops being grown on the land year after year,
◦ no rotation of crops,
◦ crops take all the nutrients from the soil,
◦ the soil becomes infertile and nothing can grow.
◦ Because there are no crops to protect the soil the soil is again
easily eroded by the wind and rain.
10. Causes of Desertification
Removal of trees for fuel and shelter –
◦ There are few trees in the desert and their roots
hold the soil together.
◦ When the trees are removed for firewood or to
build shelter the roots die and the soil becomes
loose.
◦ Yet again this means the soil can be easily blown
or washed away.
11. Multiscale and multidisciplinary nature of
desertification
Desertification
Drought
Land
degradation
Biodiversity
Change
in land
use
Crop
production
Poverty
Migrations
Abandonment
Unsustainability
13. Starvation
Food and water
shortages lead to
malnutrition,
famine, disease
and high death
rates.
14. Environmental impacts
Loss of biodiversity.
Soil erosion.
Damages to watershed
Loss of ecological stability.
Changes in hydrological regime.
15. Animals/insects
Overgrazing means all
vegetation is eaten.
Animals trample the
ground reducing it to
dust.
Animals die and can’t
breed.
16. Migration
From rural to
urban areas
causing over-
population in
towns.
To refugee
camps.
17. DESPAIR & DEATH
With droughts
continuing for
years and
subsequent crop
failures and
government
measures falling
short of what the
scale of disaster
demands, farmers
resort to suicides.
19. Short Term Solutions
Refugee Camps
Medical Aid
Food and Clothing Aid
Things to Think About
Where does the aid come from?
Does the aid reach the people who need it?
How long might people stay in these
camps?
20. Long Term Solutions
Fence off areas to prevent animals grazing
there
Introduce drought resistant crops e.g. Millet
Plant trees and bushes to provide cover for
soil and stop it being blown or washed away
21. Water Conservation, Storage
Structures and Management
Water harvesting and conservation
26. Cloud seeding in Drought Prone regions
a form of weather modification, it is an
attempt to change the amount or type of
precipitation that falls from clouds, by
dispersing substances into the air that
serve as cloud condensation or ice
nuclei, which alter the microphysical
processes within the cloud.
Eg:
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra since 2003
induced rain in the drought-hit
Anantapurdistrict
27. On the Picture Tools | Format tab, you can create your own frames
and make picture corrections such as adjusting contrast and
brightness or cropping the picture for just the right look.
30. The soil becomes
unusable
Nutrients in the soil can be
removed by wind or water.
Lack of sales for some
countries
Countries that rely on crops
being sold cannot make
anything off of them if the
soil isn’t fertile enough to
produce them.
Food loss/ famine
The soil cannot produce food
so people cannot eat. Poor
countries that rely on this
food source may result in a
famine.
People near affected
areas
Desertification can cause
flooding, poor water
quality, dust storms, and
pollution. All of these
effects can hurt people
living near an affected
region
Environmental/Social/Economic
effects
31.
32. Do research on cloud seeding
On pics of droughts
On places which transformed for better
after proper management and care. With
pics