Application of matrices in cryptography
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•62 views
This document discusses how matrices can be used for encryption and decryption in cryptography. It explains that a plaintext message is first converted to numbers and arranged in a matrix. This matrix is then multiplied by a chosen encryption matrix to produce the ciphertext matrix. Decryption involves multiplying the ciphertext matrix by the inverse of the encryption matrix to recover the original plaintext matrix and message. An example is provided to illustrate the encryption of the message "ATTACK NOW" using a 2x2 matrix.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Application of Matrices on Cryptography
This document discusses using matrices for cryptography. It explains that encryption involves transforming data into an unreadable form using a key, while decryption reverses the process. For matrix cryptography, a message is converted to numbers and broken into vectors, which are then encoded by multiplying with an encoding matrix. The encoded message is transmitted and decoded by the receiver by multiplying the vectors with the inverse decoding matrix. When decoded, the original message is revealed.
Application of matrix multiplication (cryptography) with solved problem
The document discusses the application of matrix multiplication in cryptography. It explains that cryptography involves encrypting a message into a coded form using a matrix multiplication with a non-singular matrix, and decrypting by multiplying the encoded matrix with the inverse of the encryption matrix. Encryption converts text to numbers in a matrix and decryption recovers the original text matrix using the inverse matrix. Matrix cryptography can be used for secure communication, secret sharing of data, and access control.
Cryptography and network security
This document provides an overview of cryptography including:
1. Cryptography is the process of encoding messages to protect information and ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and other security goals.
2. There are symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms that use the same or different keys for encryption and decryption. Examples include AES, RSA, and DES.
3. Other techniques discussed include digital signatures, visual cryptography, and ways to implement cryptography like error diffusion and halftone visual cryptography.
Reed solomon code
Reed Solomon codes are a type of linear block code that can detect and correct errors in transmitted data. Reed Solomon codes operate by dividing a message into blocks, calculating redundant parity data for each block based on the message contents, and transmitting the blocks with parity. At the receiver, the redundant data enables detection and correction of errors that may have occurred during transmission. Popular examples include RS(255,223) codes that can correct up to 16 byte errors per codeword. Reed Solomon codes are widely used in storage devices and wireless communications due to their high error correction capability.
substitution and transposition techniques_ppt.pptx
The document presents a web-based application for encrypting messages using substitution and transposition techniques like the Caesar cipher, Playfair cipher, rail fence transposition, and simple columnar transposition. The application aims to securely transmit sensitive information over the internet by making encryption accessible without specialized cryptography knowledge. It explains each encryption technique with examples, and concludes that combining multiple ciphers in the system ensures confidentiality and makes encrypted messages difficult to crack without the key.
International journal of computer science and innovation vol 2015-n2-paper5
This document proposes a new method for encrypting and transferring data safely using a position weight matrix. A position weight matrix is typically used to represent DNA sequences, but is rarely used for data encryption. The proposed method assigns character values from a message to positions in a matrix based on nucleotide labels. Random values are added to make the matrix appear like a real position weight matrix representing biological data rather than encrypted text. This obscures the encrypted message and makes decryption difficult without knowing the encryption process. The summary concludes the method provides a safe way to transfer data since an intercepted matrix would likely be interpreted as biological data rather than an encrypted message.
Encryptolog y-1216310707267721-9
This document summarizes cryptography and cryptanalysis. It discusses:
1) Cryptography concepts like encryption, decryption, symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Symmetric algorithms include block and stream ciphers while asymmetric includes RSA.
2) Applications of cryptography in areas like the military, banking, and internet.
3) Cryptanalysis techniques like brute force attacks and chosen plaintext attacks used to break encryption. It provides an example of how the Enigma machine was broken during WWII.
Cryptography
1. The document discusses the science of cryptology, which includes cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the science of secure communications through encryption and decryption techniques.
2. Cryptography includes symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. Symmetric methods like block and stream ciphers encrypt fixed blocks or individual bits using a shared key. Asymmetric methods like RSA use public/private key pairs to encrypt and decrypt messages.
3. Cryptanalysis involves techniques to decrypt encrypted messages without access to the key, such as brute force attacks. The document discusses how the Allies were able to break Germany's Enigma cipher during World War II through cryptanalysis.
Recommended
Application of Matrices on Cryptography
This document discusses using matrices for cryptography. It explains that encryption involves transforming data into an unreadable form using a key, while decryption reverses the process. For matrix cryptography, a message is converted to numbers and broken into vectors, which are then encoded by multiplying with an encoding matrix. The encoded message is transmitted and decoded by the receiver by multiplying the vectors with the inverse decoding matrix. When decoded, the original message is revealed.
Application of matrix multiplication (cryptography) with solved problem
The document discusses the application of matrix multiplication in cryptography. It explains that cryptography involves encrypting a message into a coded form using a matrix multiplication with a non-singular matrix, and decrypting by multiplying the encoded matrix with the inverse of the encryption matrix. Encryption converts text to numbers in a matrix and decryption recovers the original text matrix using the inverse matrix. Matrix cryptography can be used for secure communication, secret sharing of data, and access control.
Cryptography and network security
This document provides an overview of cryptography including:
1. Cryptography is the process of encoding messages to protect information and ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and other security goals.
2. There are symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms that use the same or different keys for encryption and decryption. Examples include AES, RSA, and DES.
3. Other techniques discussed include digital signatures, visual cryptography, and ways to implement cryptography like error diffusion and halftone visual cryptography.
Reed solomon code
Reed Solomon codes are a type of linear block code that can detect and correct errors in transmitted data. Reed Solomon codes operate by dividing a message into blocks, calculating redundant parity data for each block based on the message contents, and transmitting the blocks with parity. At the receiver, the redundant data enables detection and correction of errors that may have occurred during transmission. Popular examples include RS(255,223) codes that can correct up to 16 byte errors per codeword. Reed Solomon codes are widely used in storage devices and wireless communications due to their high error correction capability.
substitution and transposition techniques_ppt.pptx
The document presents a web-based application for encrypting messages using substitution and transposition techniques like the Caesar cipher, Playfair cipher, rail fence transposition, and simple columnar transposition. The application aims to securely transmit sensitive information over the internet by making encryption accessible without specialized cryptography knowledge. It explains each encryption technique with examples, and concludes that combining multiple ciphers in the system ensures confidentiality and makes encrypted messages difficult to crack without the key.
International journal of computer science and innovation vol 2015-n2-paper5
This document proposes a new method for encrypting and transferring data safely using a position weight matrix. A position weight matrix is typically used to represent DNA sequences, but is rarely used for data encryption. The proposed method assigns character values from a message to positions in a matrix based on nucleotide labels. Random values are added to make the matrix appear like a real position weight matrix representing biological data rather than encrypted text. This obscures the encrypted message and makes decryption difficult without knowing the encryption process. The summary concludes the method provides a safe way to transfer data since an intercepted matrix would likely be interpreted as biological data rather than an encrypted message.
Encryptolog y-1216310707267721-9
This document summarizes cryptography and cryptanalysis. It discusses:
1) Cryptography concepts like encryption, decryption, symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Symmetric algorithms include block and stream ciphers while asymmetric includes RSA.
2) Applications of cryptography in areas like the military, banking, and internet.
3) Cryptanalysis techniques like brute force attacks and chosen plaintext attacks used to break encryption. It provides an example of how the Enigma machine was broken during WWII.
Cryptography
1. The document discusses the science of cryptology, which includes cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the science of secure communications through encryption and decryption techniques.
2. Cryptography includes symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. Symmetric methods like block and stream ciphers encrypt fixed blocks or individual bits using a shared key. Asymmetric methods like RSA use public/private key pairs to encrypt and decrypt messages.
3. Cryptanalysis involves techniques to decrypt encrypted messages without access to the key, such as brute force attacks. The document discusses how the Allies were able to break Germany's Enigma cipher during World War II through cryptanalysis.
Applications of-linear-algebra-hill-cipher
The document discusses the Hill cipher, a polygraphic cipher technique based on linear algebra. The Hill cipher operates on blocks of letters, using a secret key matrix to encrypt plaintext letters into ciphertext. It encrypts by multiplying blocks of plaintext letters by the key matrix, taking the result modulo 26. The corresponding decryption matrix is calculated from the encryption matrix and is used to decrypt by reversing the process. An example demonstrates encrypting and then decrypting the message "HELLO WORLD" using a 2x2 matrix.
Cryptography and its types and Number Theory .pptx
This is the PPT of subject Discrete Stryctures....Topic Number Theory and Cryptography
Combining cryptography with channel coding to reduce complicity
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes combining cryptography and channel coding to increase security and reduce complexity. It describes how a linear feedback shift register can be used to generate a sequence to select different encoding matrices for different blocks of an input signal. This makes it difficult for intruders to decode the signal without knowing the key and matrix sequence. The encoding process multiplies each block with a selected matrix. Decoding detects and corrects errors using a parity check matrix and comparison to a reference array. Combining encryption and coding in this way could improve performance without increasing complexity.
Error Detection N Correction
The document discusses error detection and correction techniques. It introduces Hamming codes, which can detect up to two bit errors and correct one bit errors. It explains how Hamming codes work by adding redundant parity bits to messages based on the values of data bits. A 4x7 generator matrix is used to encode 4-bit data words into 7-bit codewords for the Hamming(7,4) code. An example shows how a data word of 1010 encodes to the codeword 1011010. The summary then tests a C++ implementation of Hamming code encoding.
cryptography symmentric.pptx
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including:
1. Symmetric and asymmetric encryption which use secret keys or public/private key pairs to encrypt messages.
2. Classical techniques like the Caesar cipher which shifts letters, monoalphabetic substitution ciphers using letter permutations, and the Playfair cipher which encrypts digrams.
3. The one-time pad cipher which is unbreakable if a truly random key is used only once but has key distribution issues.
Cryptography using rsa cryptosystem
The presentation explains basis of cryptography using RSA cryptosystem.
The whole mathematics behind the algorithm has been explained.
Stallings Kurose and Ross
Cryptography techniques allow for message confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Symmetric key cryptography uses a shared secret key where the sender and receiver both know the key. Public key cryptography uses key pairs where one key is public and one is private. RSA is an example of an asymmetric encryption algorithm that uses a public/private key pair based on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. Message integrity is ensured through techniques like digital signatures that authenticate the source and content of messages.
Analysis of Error Correcting Code Algorithms used in WiMax Communications
This document discusses error-correcting codes used for wireless communications. It summarizes three error-correcting code algorithms: Reed-Solomon codes, Turbo codes, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Reed-Solomon codes use a polynomial representation of data and oversampling to allow reconstruction of the original data if enough redundant data is received. Turbo codes use an encoder that generates parity bits for the original data and a permuted version, and an iterative decoder makes soft decisions to determine the correct values. LDPC codes were also developed by Gallager but were impractical to implement until recently.
Cryptography.ppt
Cryptography involves developing algorithms to conceal messages (privacy/secrecy) and verify messages (authentication/integrity). It transforms intelligible messages into unintelligible cipher text using ciphers and keys, and vice versa using decryption. Modern cryptography is the basis for computer and communications security and relies on encryption algorithms that use keys to encrypt plaintext into cipher text.
RSA & MD5 algorithm
The document discusses the RSA and MD5 algorithms. It provides an overview of how RSA works, including key generation, encryption, and decryption. It also explains the MD5 hashing algorithm and its use in ensuring data integrity. Both algorithms are commonly used in security and encryption applications.
Mooazam -IBM Quantum Challenge Webinar
This document discusses quantum cryptography and provides an overview of quantum key distribution and the BB84 protocol. It also briefly describes how messages can be encrypted and decrypted using a key, the process of measuring and comparing qubits in quantum key distribution, and decoding an encrypted message using the extracted key. Additionally, it provides a short definition of Morse code and an example of decoding an encrypted message.
02 Information System Security
The document provides an overview of cryptography concepts including encryption, decryption, symmetric cryptosystems, block ciphers, substitution ciphers, the one-time pad, and algorithms such as DES, Triple DES, AES, and others. Key points covered include Kerckhoffs's principle of keeping algorithms public and keys private, how symmetric encryption works between two parties with a shared key, methods of encrypting plaintext in blocks or as a bit stream, techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers, weaknesses of approaches like the Hill cipher, and the history and operation of standard block ciphers.
module 1 (part A).pdf
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including:
1. Classical techniques like the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic cipher, and Playfair cipher.
2. The Vigenere cipher which uses multiple cipher alphabets to encrypt messages.
3. Modern techniques like the Hill cipher, Vernam cipher, and the theoretically unbreakable one-time pad.
4. Transposition techniques like rail fence cipher and row transposition ciphers.
5. The document also briefly mentions steganography techniques.
Image encryption using aes key expansion
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
CNS UNIT-II.pptx
This document provides an overview of symmetric key cryptography topics including the mathematics behind substitution and transposition ciphers, classical ciphers like the Caesar cipher and Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher, modern block ciphers like the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes the basic structure, encryption process, key scheduling, and strengths/weaknesses of DES and AES.
Data Encryption Technique Based on DNA Cryptography
This document describes a DNA encryption technique based on matrix manipulation and secure key generation. The technique takes plaintext and converts it to a matrix, which is then scrambled through shifting and flipping operations. A secure random number key is also generated. The scrambled matrix is XOR'd with the key to produce a mini cipher. The mini cipher is then converted to a DNA sequence using binary coding, and primer pairs are appended to the DNA sequence to produce the encrypted ciphertext. The process can be reversed to decrypt the ciphertext.
Cryptography and Network SecurityPrinciples and PracticeEighth Ed
Cryptography and Network Security:Principles and Practice
Eighth Edition
Chapter 3
Classical Encryption Techniques
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Definitions(1 of 2)Plaintext–An original messageCiphertext–The coded messageEnciphering/encryption–The process of converting from plaintext tociphertextDeciphering/decryption–Restoring the plaintext from the ciphertext
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Definitions(2 of 2)Cryptography–The area of study of the many schemes used forencryptionCryptographic system/cipher–A schemeCryptanalysis–Techniques used for deciphering a message withoutany knowledge of the enciphering detailsCryptology–The areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Figure 3.1 Simplified Model ofSymmetric Encryption
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Symmetric Cipher ModelThere are two requirements for secure use of conventionalencryption:–A strong encryption algorithm–Sender and receiver must have obtained copies of thesecret key in a secure fashion and must keep the keysecure
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Figure 3.2 Model of SymmetricCryptosystem
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cryptographic SystemsCharacterized along three independent dimensions:The type of operations used for transforming plaintext tociphertext–Substitution–TranspositionThe number of keys used–Symmetric, single-key, secret-key, conventionalencryption–Asymmetric, two-key, or public-key encryptionThe way in which the plaintext is processed–Block cipher–Stream cipher
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cryptanalysis and Brute-Force AttackCryptanalysis–Attack relies on the nature of the algorithm plus someknowledge of the general characteristics of theplaintext–Attack exploits the characteristics of the algorithm toattempt to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce thekey being usedBrute-force attack–Attacker tries every possible key on a piece ofciphertextuntil an intelligible translation into plaintext isobtained–On average, half of all possible keys must be tried toachieve success
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Table 3.1 Types of Attacks onEncrypted Messages
Type of Attack
Known to Cryptanalyst
Ciphertext OnlyEncryption algorithmCiphertext
Known PlaintextEncryption algorithmCiphertextOne or more plaintext–ciphertext pairs formed with the secret key
Chosen PlaintextEncryption algorithmCiphertextPlaintext message chosen by cryptanalyst, together with its correspondingciphertextgenerated with the secret key
Chosen CiphertextEncryption algorithmCiphertextCiphertext chosen by cryptanalyst, together with its corresponding decryptedplaintext generated with the secret key
Chosen TextEncryption algorithmCiphertextPlaintext message chosen by cryptanalyst, ...
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper6
This document presents a new method for encrypting messages using DNA sequences and codons. It constructs a modified DNA codon table that assigns codons to represent each character in the message to be encrypted. The codons representing the message are then randomly inserted into a background DNA sequence. This encrypted sequence is sent to the receiver. To decrypt, the receiver splits the sequence into codons and converts them back to the original message using the codon table. The document provides an example to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. It concludes that the proposed random insertion method provides secure transfer of messages since it is difficult to distinguish the encrypted DNA from natural DNA sequences.
Cryptography
Cryptography involves secret writing and encrypting messages so that only authorized parties can read them. It uses algorithms and keys to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext. Cryptanalysis involves breaking ciphers, while cryptography is designing ciphers. Cryptology encompasses both cryptography and cryptanalysis. Common encryption models involve plaintext being encrypted into ciphertext using a key, which is then transmitted and decrypted by the intended receiver using the same key.
Cryptographic Algorithms: DES and RSA
A very clear presentation on Crytographic Alogotithms DES and RSA with basic concepts of cryptography. This presented by students of Techno India, Salt Lake.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaExecutive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
More Related Content
Similar to Application of matrices in cryptography
Applications of-linear-algebra-hill-cipher
The document discusses the Hill cipher, a polygraphic cipher technique based on linear algebra. The Hill cipher operates on blocks of letters, using a secret key matrix to encrypt plaintext letters into ciphertext. It encrypts by multiplying blocks of plaintext letters by the key matrix, taking the result modulo 26. The corresponding decryption matrix is calculated from the encryption matrix and is used to decrypt by reversing the process. An example demonstrates encrypting and then decrypting the message "HELLO WORLD" using a 2x2 matrix.
Cryptography and its types and Number Theory .pptx
This is the PPT of subject Discrete Stryctures....Topic Number Theory and Cryptography
Combining cryptography with channel coding to reduce complicity
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes combining cryptography and channel coding to increase security and reduce complexity. It describes how a linear feedback shift register can be used to generate a sequence to select different encoding matrices for different blocks of an input signal. This makes it difficult for intruders to decode the signal without knowing the key and matrix sequence. The encoding process multiplies each block with a selected matrix. Decoding detects and corrects errors using a parity check matrix and comparison to a reference array. Combining encryption and coding in this way could improve performance without increasing complexity.
Error Detection N Correction
The document discusses error detection and correction techniques. It introduces Hamming codes, which can detect up to two bit errors and correct one bit errors. It explains how Hamming codes work by adding redundant parity bits to messages based on the values of data bits. A 4x7 generator matrix is used to encode 4-bit data words into 7-bit codewords for the Hamming(7,4) code. An example shows how a data word of 1010 encodes to the codeword 1011010. The summary then tests a C++ implementation of Hamming code encoding.
cryptography symmentric.pptx
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including:
1. Symmetric and asymmetric encryption which use secret keys or public/private key pairs to encrypt messages.
2. Classical techniques like the Caesar cipher which shifts letters, monoalphabetic substitution ciphers using letter permutations, and the Playfair cipher which encrypts digrams.
3. The one-time pad cipher which is unbreakable if a truly random key is used only once but has key distribution issues.
Cryptography using rsa cryptosystem
The presentation explains basis of cryptography using RSA cryptosystem.
The whole mathematics behind the algorithm has been explained.
Stallings Kurose and Ross
Cryptography techniques allow for message confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Symmetric key cryptography uses a shared secret key where the sender and receiver both know the key. Public key cryptography uses key pairs where one key is public and one is private. RSA is an example of an asymmetric encryption algorithm that uses a public/private key pair based on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. Message integrity is ensured through techniques like digital signatures that authenticate the source and content of messages.
Analysis of Error Correcting Code Algorithms used in WiMax Communications
This document discusses error-correcting codes used for wireless communications. It summarizes three error-correcting code algorithms: Reed-Solomon codes, Turbo codes, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Reed-Solomon codes use a polynomial representation of data and oversampling to allow reconstruction of the original data if enough redundant data is received. Turbo codes use an encoder that generates parity bits for the original data and a permuted version, and an iterative decoder makes soft decisions to determine the correct values. LDPC codes were also developed by Gallager but were impractical to implement until recently.
Cryptography.ppt
Cryptography involves developing algorithms to conceal messages (privacy/secrecy) and verify messages (authentication/integrity). It transforms intelligible messages into unintelligible cipher text using ciphers and keys, and vice versa using decryption. Modern cryptography is the basis for computer and communications security and relies on encryption algorithms that use keys to encrypt plaintext into cipher text.
RSA & MD5 algorithm
The document discusses the RSA and MD5 algorithms. It provides an overview of how RSA works, including key generation, encryption, and decryption. It also explains the MD5 hashing algorithm and its use in ensuring data integrity. Both algorithms are commonly used in security and encryption applications.
Mooazam -IBM Quantum Challenge Webinar
This document discusses quantum cryptography and provides an overview of quantum key distribution and the BB84 protocol. It also briefly describes how messages can be encrypted and decrypted using a key, the process of measuring and comparing qubits in quantum key distribution, and decoding an encrypted message using the extracted key. Additionally, it provides a short definition of Morse code and an example of decoding an encrypted message.
02 Information System Security
The document provides an overview of cryptography concepts including encryption, decryption, symmetric cryptosystems, block ciphers, substitution ciphers, the one-time pad, and algorithms such as DES, Triple DES, AES, and others. Key points covered include Kerckhoffs's principle of keeping algorithms public and keys private, how symmetric encryption works between two parties with a shared key, methods of encrypting plaintext in blocks or as a bit stream, techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers, weaknesses of approaches like the Hill cipher, and the history and operation of standard block ciphers.
module 1 (part A).pdf
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including:
1. Classical techniques like the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic cipher, and Playfair cipher.
2. The Vigenere cipher which uses multiple cipher alphabets to encrypt messages.
3. Modern techniques like the Hill cipher, Vernam cipher, and the theoretically unbreakable one-time pad.
4. Transposition techniques like rail fence cipher and row transposition ciphers.
5. The document also briefly mentions steganography techniques.
Image encryption using aes key expansion
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
CNS UNIT-II.pptx
This document provides an overview of symmetric key cryptography topics including the mathematics behind substitution and transposition ciphers, classical ciphers like the Caesar cipher and Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher, modern block ciphers like the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes the basic structure, encryption process, key scheduling, and strengths/weaknesses of DES and AES.
Data Encryption Technique Based on DNA Cryptography
This document describes a DNA encryption technique based on matrix manipulation and secure key generation. The technique takes plaintext and converts it to a matrix, which is then scrambled through shifting and flipping operations. A secure random number key is also generated. The scrambled matrix is XOR'd with the key to produce a mini cipher. The mini cipher is then converted to a DNA sequence using binary coding, and primer pairs are appended to the DNA sequence to produce the encrypted ciphertext. The process can be reversed to decrypt the ciphertext.
Cryptography and Network SecurityPrinciples and PracticeEighth Ed
Cryptography and Network Security:Principles and Practice
Eighth Edition
Chapter 3
Classical Encryption Techniques
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Definitions(1 of 2)Plaintext–An original messageCiphertext–The coded messageEnciphering/encryption–The process of converting from plaintext tociphertextDeciphering/decryption–Restoring the plaintext from the ciphertext
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Definitions(2 of 2)Cryptography–The area of study of the many schemes used forencryptionCryptographic system/cipher–A schemeCryptanalysis–Techniques used for deciphering a message withoutany knowledge of the enciphering detailsCryptology–The areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Figure 3.1 Simplified Model ofSymmetric Encryption
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Symmetric Cipher ModelThere are two requirements for secure use of conventionalencryption:–A strong encryption algorithm–Sender and receiver must have obtained copies of thesecret key in a secure fashion and must keep the keysecure
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Figure 3.2 Model of SymmetricCryptosystem
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cryptographic SystemsCharacterized along three independent dimensions:The type of operations used for transforming plaintext tociphertext–Substitution–TranspositionThe number of keys used–Symmetric, single-key, secret-key, conventionalencryption–Asymmetric, two-key, or public-key encryptionThe way in which the plaintext is processed–Block cipher–Stream cipher
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cryptanalysis and Brute-Force AttackCryptanalysis–Attack relies on the nature of the algorithm plus someknowledge of the general characteristics of theplaintext–Attack exploits the characteristics of the algorithm toattempt to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce thekey being usedBrute-force attack–Attacker tries every possible key on a piece ofciphertextuntil an intelligible translation into plaintext isobtained–On average, half of all possible keys must be tried toachieve success
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Table 3.1 Types of Attacks onEncrypted Messages
Type of Attack
Known to Cryptanalyst
Ciphertext OnlyEncryption algorithmCiphertext
Known PlaintextEncryption algorithmCiphertextOne or more plaintext–ciphertext pairs formed with the secret key
Chosen PlaintextEncryption algorithmCiphertextPlaintext message chosen by cryptanalyst, together with its correspondingciphertextgenerated with the secret key
Chosen CiphertextEncryption algorithmCiphertextCiphertext chosen by cryptanalyst, together with its corresponding decryptedplaintext generated with the secret key
Chosen TextEncryption algorithmCiphertextPlaintext message chosen by cryptanalyst, ...
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper6
This document presents a new method for encrypting messages using DNA sequences and codons. It constructs a modified DNA codon table that assigns codons to represent each character in the message to be encrypted. The codons representing the message are then randomly inserted into a background DNA sequence. This encrypted sequence is sent to the receiver. To decrypt, the receiver splits the sequence into codons and converts them back to the original message using the codon table. The document provides an example to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. It concludes that the proposed random insertion method provides secure transfer of messages since it is difficult to distinguish the encrypted DNA from natural DNA sequences.
Cryptography
Cryptography involves secret writing and encrypting messages so that only authorized parties can read them. It uses algorithms and keys to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext. Cryptanalysis involves breaking ciphers, while cryptography is designing ciphers. Cryptology encompasses both cryptography and cryptanalysis. Common encryption models involve plaintext being encrypted into ciphertext using a key, which is then transmitted and decrypted by the intended receiver using the same key.
Cryptographic Algorithms: DES and RSA
A very clear presentation on Crytographic Alogotithms DES and RSA with basic concepts of cryptography. This presented by students of Techno India, Salt Lake.
Similar to Application of matrices in cryptography (20)
Cryptography and its types and Number Theory .pptx
Cryptography and its types and Number Theory .pptx
Combining cryptography with channel coding to reduce complicity
Combining cryptography with channel coding to reduce complicity
Analysis of Error Correcting Code Algorithms used in WiMax Communications
Analysis of Error Correcting Code Algorithms used in WiMax Communications
Data Encryption Technique Based on DNA Cryptography
Data Encryption Technique Based on DNA Cryptography
Cryptography and Network SecurityPrinciples and PracticeEighth Ed
Cryptography and Network SecurityPrinciples and PracticeEighth Ed
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper6
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper6
Recently uploaded
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaExecutive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcDRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Recently uploaded (20)
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Application of matrices in cryptography
- 2. Cryptography Keeping private Communication ENCRYPTION and DECRYPTION
- 4. USE OF MATRIX Plain text Cyper text Jack MATRIX Cyper text Jill INVERSE OF MATRIX Plain text
- 5. 1. Convert the message in to numbers. Ex: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V 23 24 25 26 W X Y Z 2. Build the numbers in to Matrix. 3. Multiplying the matrix with our choice matrix. 4. We get a new matrix. 5. Convert the matrix in to string= cyber text encoded message. RULES FOR ENCODING
- 6. RULES FOR DECODING 1. Convert the encoded message into matrix. 2. Multiplying the above matrix with the inverse of our choice matrix. 3. We get another(plain text) matrix. 4. Convert Matrix into message(original message)
- 7. Plain text Encoding Cyper text Using matrix A Decoding Using the matrix A-1 Plain text
- 8. EXAMPLE: Message to be Sent ATTACK NOW Plain text Encoding A = 1 2 1 3 AT=[1 20] 1 2 = [21 62] 1 3 TA=[20 1] 1 2 = [21 43] 1 3
- 9. CK =[3 11] 1 2 = [14 39] 1 3 _N =[27 14] 1 2 = [41 96] 1 3 OW=[15 23] 1 2 = [38 99] 1 3 Encoded ATTACK NOW= 21 21 14 41 38 62 43 39 cyper text DECODING A = 3 -2 -1 1
- 10. T=[21 62] 3 -2 =[1 20] -1 1 A=[21 43] 3 -2 =[20 1] Decoded message: -1 1 1 20 3 27 15 K=[14 29] 3 -2 =[3 11] 20 1 11 14 23 -1 1 N=[41 96] 3 -2 =[27 14] -1 1 W=[38 99] 3 -2 =[15 23]
- 11. [1 20] [20 1] [3 11] [27 14] [15 23] A T T A C K _ N O W ATTACK NOW plain text