Computers and data processing techniques have made possible the high-speed, selective retrieval of large amount of information for government, commercial and academic purposes.
Application of computers in Pharmacy – Drug information storage and retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System
Applications of Computer Science in Pharmacy
Computer is mandatory in this advanced era and pharmacy and related subjects are not exception to it. This review mainly focuses on the various applications, software’s and use of computers in pharmacy. Computer science and technology is deeply utilized in pharmacy field everywhere like in pharmacy colleges, pharmaceutical industries, research centers, hospital pharmacy and many more. Computer significantly reduces the time, expenditure, and manpower required for any kind of work. Development of various softwares makes it trouble-free to handle huge data. In short, computers are playing critical role in pharmacy field, without computers pharmacy research will be long-lasting andexpensive.
Pharmacy field plays a crucial role in patient health care. It is a huge field which is present worldwide. To run pharmacy field professionally and efficiently, it requires huge management and manpower. But nowadays use of computers in pharmacy field reduced the manpower and time. Computers are almost related to every corner of pharmacy field. These are utilized in the drug design technique, retail pharmacy shop, clinical research centers, crude drug identification,drug storage and business management, hospital and clinical pharmacy, in pharmacy colleges for computer-assisted learning.
The Internet is a huge collection of data. It is available with just one click. Various search engines like Google, Yahoo, Rediff, and Bing help in searching online data related to the pharmacy field just one has to enter his or her area of interest in the search engine.
In the Pharmacy field, effective use of computers started in 1980. Since then there is a great demand for computers in the pharmacy field. Computers are having their own advantages like reduction in time, accuracy, and reduction in manpower, speed, multitasking, non-fatigued, high memory, data storage and many more.
Closed Loop Medication Management - A preferred way to go go forward for Prov...CitiusTech
Closed Loop Medication Management (CLMM) system is a fully electronic medication management process that integrates automated and intelligent systems to completely close the inpatient medication management and administration loop, and seamlessly document all the relevant information.
Application of computers in Pharmacy – Drug information storage and retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System
Applications of Computer Science in Pharmacy
Computer is mandatory in this advanced era and pharmacy and related subjects are not exception to it. This review mainly focuses on the various applications, software’s and use of computers in pharmacy. Computer science and technology is deeply utilized in pharmacy field everywhere like in pharmacy colleges, pharmaceutical industries, research centers, hospital pharmacy and many more. Computer significantly reduces the time, expenditure, and manpower required for any kind of work. Development of various softwares makes it trouble-free to handle huge data. In short, computers are playing critical role in pharmacy field, without computers pharmacy research will be long-lasting andexpensive.
Pharmacy field plays a crucial role in patient health care. It is a huge field which is present worldwide. To run pharmacy field professionally and efficiently, it requires huge management and manpower. But nowadays use of computers in pharmacy field reduced the manpower and time. Computers are almost related to every corner of pharmacy field. These are utilized in the drug design technique, retail pharmacy shop, clinical research centers, crude drug identification,drug storage and business management, hospital and clinical pharmacy, in pharmacy colleges for computer-assisted learning.
The Internet is a huge collection of data. It is available with just one click. Various search engines like Google, Yahoo, Rediff, and Bing help in searching online data related to the pharmacy field just one has to enter his or her area of interest in the search engine.
In the Pharmacy field, effective use of computers started in 1980. Since then there is a great demand for computers in the pharmacy field. Computers are having their own advantages like reduction in time, accuracy, and reduction in manpower, speed, multitasking, non-fatigued, high memory, data storage and many more.
Closed Loop Medication Management - A preferred way to go go forward for Prov...CitiusTech
Closed Loop Medication Management (CLMM) system is a fully electronic medication management process that integrates automated and intelligent systems to completely close the inpatient medication management and administration loop, and seamlessly document all the relevant information.
Hospital Pharmacy Chapter -7 Applications of computer in Hospital PharmacyNikita Gupta
Here is notes of Hospital Pharmacy Chapter -7 Applications of computer in Hospital Pharmacy - practice electronic health records, softwares used in hospital pharmacy.
An AI-based Decision Platform built using unified data model, incorporating systems biology topics for unit analysis using semi-supervised learning models
Medication administration software is a powerful tool that streamlines the process of administering medication to patients. Our software is designed to enhance patient safety by reducing medication errors and improving accuracy. Our medication administration software automates the medication administration process, tracks medication orders, and alerts healthcare professionals when medication is due. It also provides real-time patient data to healthcare providers, enabling them to make informed decisions about patient care. Our software is user-friendly, customizable, and designed to meet the unique needs of healthcare facilities. Contact us today to learn more about our medication administration software and how it can improve patient care.
B.PHARMACY 1-2computer appliction unit 2 assignment.pptxsana916816
Drug information storage and
retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital
and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems,
barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile
technology and adherence monitoring
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Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
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Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
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Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
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In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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2. CONTENT
Drug information storage and
retrieval
Pharmacokinetics
Mathematical model in Drug
design
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy
Electronic Prescribing and
discharge (EP) systems
Barcode medicine identification
Automated dispensing of drugs
Mobile technology and adherence
monitoring
Diagnostic System
Lab-diagnostic System
Patient Monitoring System
Pharma Information System
3. Drug information storage and retrieval – 1/6
Information storage and retrieval is the systematic process
of collecting data so that they can be located and displayed
on request.
Computers and data processing techniques have made
possible the high-speed, selective retrieval of large amount
of information for government, commercial and academic
purposes.
4. Drug information storage and retrieval – 2/6
IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION STORAGE
It can refer to a place like a storage room where paper
records are kept.
It can also refer to a storage device such as a computer hard
disk , CD, DVD or similar device which can hold data.
TYPES OF STORAGE
CD/DVD, HARD DRIVE, PEN DRIVE, FLOPPY DISK
5. Drug information storage and retrieval – 3/6
IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Information retrieval (IR) is the process of obtaining
information system resources that are relevant to an
information need from a collection of those resources.
In simple words “the tracing and recovery of specific
information from stored data.”
6. Drug information storage and retrieval – 4/6
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL (IR)
The main IR components are given below.
• DATABASE
• SEARCH ENGINE
• LANGUAGE
• INTERFACE
7. Drug information storage and retrieval – 5/6
DATABASE :
A database is systematic collection of data.
They support electronic storage and manipulation of data. Database make
data management easy.
SEARCH ENGINE :
A program that searches and identifies item in database that correspond
to keywords or characters specified by the user.
Search procedure can be categorised as basic or advance search
procedure.
Capacity of search mechanism determines what retrieval technique will
be available to user and how information Stored in database can be
retrieved.
8. Drug information storage and retrieval – 6/6
LANGUAGE :
Information relies on language when being processed, transferred or
communicated.
LANGUAGE CAN BE OF TWO TYPES. 1. NATURAL : These languages can be
easily understood and created by any user. 2. CONTROLLED: Controlled
languages are such vocabulary languages that are typically created and
maintained by a particular organization.
INTERFACE :
In computing , An interface is shared boundary across which two or more
sperate components of a computer system exchange information.
9. Pharmacokinetics – 1/4
Pharmacokinetics is defined as the study of the time course
of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of
pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective
therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient.
10. Pharmacokinetics – 2/4
Computers have been used extensively in the field of
pharmacokinetics as instructional tool, in addition to simulations,
data analysis, and dosage calculation.
Pharmacokinetic classes are ideal for computer-based instruction
because the different pharmacokinetic parameters that govern the
drug concentration-time play role in the body can be related
together by mathematical expressions.
This makes graphical presentation of the drug concentration-time
play role very useful for presenting the interplay between the
different pharmacokinetic parameters.
11. Pharmacokinetics – 3/4
Computer-based pharmacokinetic simulations can be used for
educational as well as research purposes.
Pharmacokinetic simulations can be used to visualize how the
change in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters can affect the
drug concentration-time in the body, which can be useful for
understanding the basic pharmacokinetic concepts.
For research, simulations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
factors that can affect drug absorption have been used to
predict the absorption of compounds with different properties.
12. Pharmacokinetics – 4/4
Besides, simulation of the drug concentration-time in
different body organs based on in vitro tissue distribution
information have been used for developing physiologically
based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models.
Furthermore, simulation of the expected drug
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour under
different drug administration conditions is used for guiding
the design of clinical studies.
13. Mathematical model in Drug design – 1/2
Mathematical modelling and computer simulations are emerging
technologies in drug discovery, development and drug assessment
for short- and long-term biological effects.
They promise to be cheap, practical, sensitive and specific, and
capture real aspects of the disease phenotype that is accepted as
clinically and biologically meaningful.
14. Mathematical model in Drug design – 2/2
However, existing computer-based platforms are not
capable of integrating complex nonlinear interactions of
molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and system activities that
are required in drug discovery.
Novel software offers solutions with regard to rational
decision making at different stages of drug development.
15. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy – 1/3
Hospital pharmacy is division of hospital which monitors on
the receiving and allotment of drugs and medicines and
professional supplies, stores them and dispenses to
inpatient, outpatient and may have a manufacturing
extension to manufacture pharmaceuticals and parenteral
in bulk.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of Pharmacy where
pharmacists and pharmaconomists provide patient care that
optimizes the use of medication and promotes health,
wellness, and disease prevention.
16. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy – 2/3
Patient record maintenance is vital job in hospitals but with
the help of computers, data can be maintained easily and
also updated time to time.
Maintenance of stock means inventory control can be
achieved very well by using computers. For this purpose,
periodic or perpetual inventory control systems maybe
adapted.
17. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy – 3/3
Computers can play role like,
•To detect the items which have reached minimum order level.
•To prepare list of items to be purchased and their quantities.
•To prepare purchase orders for vendors and to avoid duplication.
•To detect the infrequently purchased items for possible return or elimination from pharmacy’s
drug supply.
•To produce periodic summary and purchasing and inventory control statistics.
•Maintaining patient medical record
•Drug information services.
•Patient monitoring.
18. Electronic Prescribing and discharge
(EP) systems
Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing or e-Rx) is the
computer-based electronic generation, transmission, and
filling of a medical prescription, taking the place of paper
and faxed prescriptions.
E-prescribing allows a physician, pharmacist, nurse
practitioner, or physician assistant to use digital
prescription software to electronically transmit a new
prescription or renewal authorization to a community or
mail-order pharmacy.
19. Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP)
systems
It outlines the ability to send error-free, accurate, and
understandable prescriptions electronically from the healthcare
provider to the pharmacy.
E-prescribing is meant to reduce the risks associated with traditional
prescription script writing.
It is also one of the major reasons for the push for electronic medical
records.
By sharing medical prescription information, e-prescribing seeks to
connect the patient's team of healthcare providers to facilitate
knowledgeable decision making.
20. Barcode Medicine Identification
Bar code medication administration (BCMA) is a bar
code system designed by Glenna Sue Kinnick to
prevent medication errors in healthcare settings and
to improve the quality and safety of medication
administration.
The overall goals of BCMA are to improve accuracy,
prevent errors, and generate online records of
medication administration.
21. Barcode Medicine Identification
It consists of a bar code reader, a portable or desktop computer
with wireless connection, a computer server, and some
software.
When a nurse gives medication to a patient in a healthcare
setting, the nurse can scan the barcode on the patient's
wristband on the patient to verify the patient's identity.
The nurse can then scan the bar code on medication and use
software to verify that he/she is administering the right
medication to the right patient at the right dose, through the
right route, and at the right time ("five rights of medication
administration").
22. Barcode Medicine Identification
Bar code medication administration was designed as an
additional check to aid the nurse in administering
medications; however, it cannot replace the expertise and
professional judgment of the nurse.
The implementation of BCMA has shown a decrease in
medication administration errors in the healthcare setting.
23. Automated Dispensing of Drugs
Automated dispensing is a pharmacy practice in which a
device dispenses medications and fills prescriptions. The
most important thing a hospital pharmacy should enforce is
patient safety.
Wrong drug and wrong dose errors are the most common
errors associated with ADC use.
24. Automated Dispensing of Drugs
Automated dispensing machines—decentralized
medication distribution systems that provide
computer-controlled storage, dispensing, and
tracking of medications—have been recommended
as one potential mechanism to improve efficiency
and patient safety, and they are now widely used in
many hospitals.
25. Mobile Technology and Adherence
Monitoring
Medication adherence, or taking medications correctly, is
generally defined as the extent to which patients take
medication as prescribed by their doctors.
This involves factors such as getting prescriptions filled,
remembering to take medication on time, and
understanding the directions.
26. Mobile Technology and Adherence
Monitoring
Pharmacists have a major role in improving medication
adherence in patients.
They can confirm that patients are on the correct
medications and are not taking any other treatments/drugs
that may undermine the effectiveness of important
therapies.
27. Diagnostic System
Systems is a global leader of products and instruments used for
diagnosing infectious diseases.
Our products are used in the clinical market to screen for microbial
presence, grow and identify organisms, and test for antibiotic
susceptibility.
In the industrial market, Diagnostic Systems’ products are used for
the testing of sterile and non-sterile pharmaceuticals and medical
devices, for environmental monitoring and to detect food pathogens.
28. Lab-diagnostic System
A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where
clinical pathology tests are carried out on clinical specimens to
obtain information about the health of a patient to aid in diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of disease.
Clinical Medical laboratories are an example of applied science, as
opposed to research laboratories that focus on basic science, such as
found in some academic institutions.
Medical laboratories vary in size and complexity and so offer a
variety of testing services.
29. Lab-diagnostic System
More comprehensive services can be found in acute-care
hospitals and medical centres, where 70% of clinical
decisions are based on laboratory testing.
Doctors offices and clinics, as well as skilled nursing and
long-term care facilities, may have laboratories that provide
more basic testing services.
Commercial medical laboratories operate as independent
businesses and provide testing that is otherwise not
provided in other settings due to low test volume or
complexity.
30. Patient Monitoring System
The Patient Monitoring System (PMS) is a very critical
monitoring systems, it is used for monitoring physiological
signals including Electrocardiograph (ECG), Respiration ,
Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure, Oxygen
Saturation in Human Blood (SpO2), Body Temperature and
other Gases etc.
In PMS, the multiple sensor and electrodes is used for
receiving physiological signals like as ECG Electrodes, SpO2
Finger Sensor, Blood Pressure Cuff and Temperature Probe
to measure the physiological signals.
31. Patient Monitoring System
During treatment, it is highly important to continuously
monitor the vital physiological signs of the patient.
Therefore , patient monitoring systems has always been
occupying a very important position in the field of medical
devices.
The continuous improvement of technologies not only helps
us transmit the vital physiological signs to the medical
personnel but also simplifies the measurement and as a
result raises the monitoring efficiency of patients.
32. Patient Monitoring System
CLASSES OF PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
In the past, the dominant products manufactured by medical device
manufacturers are mainly those for single parameter measurement. Nowadays
however, a multi-parameter patient monitor is commonly used.
Single-Parameters Monitoring Systems
Multi-Parameter Patient Monitoring Systems
33. Pharma Information System
The PMIS(pharmaceutical management information system)
integrates pharmaceutical data collection, processing, and
presentation of information that helps staff at all levels of a
country’s health system make evidence-based decisions to
manage pharmaceutical services.
34. Pharma Information System
Function
An effective PMIS is able to synthesize the large volume of data generated
bypharmaceutical management operations.
It then processes the data into information for use in planning activities, estimating
demand, allocating resources, and monitoring and evaluating pharmaceutical
management operations.
This information is often in the form of a few key indicators.
Indicators should be targeted toward staff at all levels so that they can monitor both
their own performance and that of the units for which they are responsible.
Another important function of a PMIS is to improve accountability.
Much of the recording and reporting in a PMIS is intended to create an audit trail for
products as they enter or leave a pharmaceutical supply system.
35. Pharma Information System
Importance of a pharmaceutical management information system
A good PMIS provides the necessary information to make sound
decisions in the pharmaceutical sector.
Effective pharmaceutical management requires policymakers,
program managers, and health care providers to monitor
information related to patient adherence, drug resistance,
availability of medicines and laboratory supplies, patient safety, post
market intelligence, product registration, product quality, financing
and program management, among other issues.