Drug information storage and retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring

1. WEB TECHNOLOGIES
TOPICS COVERED
1. In
1. HTML, XML, CSS
2. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE’S
3. INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
4. PHARMACY DRUG DATABASE

2. HTML,XML,CSS
HTML AND XML ARE MARK-UP LANGUAGES.
THESE MARK-UP LANGUAGES USES
MARKUP TAGS TO DESCRIBE WEB PAGES.

3. MARKUP TAGS COME IN PAIRS i.e., START TAG AND END TAG.
EXAMPLE: STATRT TAG IS <P> AND END TAG IS </P>.
HTML FORMAT XML FORMAT

4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN HTML,
XML?
THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN BOTH THE LANGUAGES
IS THAT XML WAS DESIGNED TO DECRIBE DATA AND
HTML WAS DESIGNED TO DISPLAY DATA

5. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF HTML AND XML?
 HTML
• HTML is a significant tool for building up a site.
It is a programming language used to describe the
structure of information on a web page.
HTML, CSS, and Javascript make up the essential building
blocks of websites, CSS controls the look of a page, and
Javascript programming its function.
 xml
• It is a default format for many office productivity tools like
Microsoft Office.
It provides robust, non – proprieority , persistant , and
variable file format for the storage and transmission of
data and text both on and off the web.

6. Css[cascading style sheets]
• Cascading style sheets describe how HTML
elements will be displayed on the screen.
Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language
used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language like
HTML.

7.  CSS is used to design various styles for different web
pages . It can be used to control the following
elements.
1.Text color
2.font style
3.Spacing between paragraphs
4.Layout and size of column
5.background images
6.background colors
7.layouts design.

9. Programming languages
A programming language is a formal language,
which comprises a set of instructions that
produce various kinds of output.
Programming languages uses set of instructions
that are provided to the computer to describe
computations and generate executable programs

10. Syntax
The syntax of a computer language is the set of
rules that defines the combinations of symbols
that are considered to be a correctly structured
document or fragment in that language.
A programming language's surface form is known
as its syntax.
Programming languages provides a Linguistic
framework for describing computations.

11. Characteristics of pragramming languages
A programming language must be simple, easy to learn
and use, have good readability and human
recognizable.
Each instruction of programming language should get
converted into machine language instruction.
A programming language must be consistent in terms
of syntax and semantics.
This language should be easy to understand and
should use abbreviations and words that are used in
everyday communications.
This language should be written using common words
and mathematical symbols.

14. TOP PROGRAMING LANGUAGES
• JavaScript
• Python
• Java
• C/CPP
• Swift
• Ruby.

15. WORLDWIDE,MAY 2020 COMPARED
TO LAST YEAR.
Rank Change Language Share Trend
1 Python 31.17 % +4.3 %
2 Java 17.75 % -2.4 %
3 Javascript 7.99 % -0.3 %
4 C# 7.05 % -0.2 %
5 PHP 6.09 % -1.0 %
6 C/C++ 5.67 % -0.3 %
7 R 3.93 % -0.1 %
8 Objective-C 2.4 % -0.4 %
9 Swift 2.26 % -0.1 %
10 TypeScript 1.89 % +0.3 %

16. USES OF PRAGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
1.Because each language is different, each may be
best suited for a certain purpose or purposes
within certain industries.
2.Some programming languages are used to
create programs to solve problems or interpret
data.
3.Other programming languages are more suitable
for making create software or apps that entertain.

17. FUTURE OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
1.Advancing technology promises that
programming languages will continue to evolve.
2.Programmers continually face the challenges of
protecting devices from viruses and developing
applications that allow users to use their devices
cohesively.
3. The newest programming languages will be faster
and more intuitive with fewer errors and issues.
For example, R is one of the most recent
programming languages and was designed by
statisticians for data analysis.

18. Programming languages used by
industry.
• Engineering: Objective-C
• Banking and Finance: Python
• Marketing: SQL
• Car Manufacturing: C
• Retail: JavaScript
• Security: C
• Media: C++
• Healthcare: Java
• Science: MATLAB

19. 3.Introduction to database

20. What is a database
• A structured set of data held in a
computer, especially one that is
accessible in various ways .
• A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be
easily accessed, managed and updated.Computer databases typically
contain aggregations of data records or files. containing information about
sales transactions or interactions with specific customers.
• DATA : Facsts and Statistics Collected Together for
Reference Or Analysis and Retrieval whenever needed.

21. Database systems (examples.)
• IBM DB2
• MICROSOFT EXCEL
• MICROSOFT ACCESS
• Teradata
• Oracle RDBMS -- most common database system
• SAP Sybase ASE
These are some of the common examples of databases

22. Data base management systems
• DEFINITION : It is a Software that handles the Storage, Retrieval and
Updating of data in a computer system.
• Since there are so many database management systems available,
it is important for there to be a way for them to communicate with
each other. For this reason, most database software comes with an
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database
to integrate with other databases.
• SQL (Structured Query language)is a standardized query language
for requesting information from a database. The original version
called SEQUEL (structured English query language) was designed by
an IBM research center in 1974 and 1975.
• SQL contains both DDL (Data definition language) And DML (Data
Manipulation Language) in it. So that it can Create, Alter, Delete,
Comment, Merge and Update the data .

23. • The primary design challenge of today's relational
DBMSs is to maintain data integrity, which protects
the accuracy and consistency of the data, through a
series of constraints and rules on the data to avoid
duplication or data loss.
• DBMSs also control access to the database through
authorization, implemented at various levels. For
example, managers or administrators might have
access to data that is not visible to other employees,
or they may have the authorization to edit the data
while some users can only view

25. Applications of dbms
• Universities
• Sales
• Telecommunication
• Manufacturing
• Airlines
• Pharmacy companies and for R&D
These are some of the applications of dbms as
dbms is used everywhere because data is very
important for any sector.

26. Advantages of DBMS
• ADVANTAGES :
• DBMS offers a variety of techniques to
store & retrieve data
• Uniform administration procedures for
data
• Offers Data Integrity and Security
• Reduced Application Development Time

27. Disadvantages of DBMS
• Cost of Hardware and Software of a DBMS is
quite high which increases the budget of your
organization.
• Use of the same program at a time by many
users sometimes lead to the loss of some
data.
• Most database management systems are
often complex systems, so the training for
users to use the DBMS is required.

28. 4. Pharmacy drug database
The databases for physicians and
Healthcare professionals

29. So, lets discuss about some of the drug databases
available for physicians and Healthcare professionals :
So let’s begin:
1. Dynamed : A clinical reference tool created by
physicians for physicians and other healthcare
professionals for use primarily at the 'point-of-care'
with clinically -organizedd summaries.
2. Essential evidence plus : An evidence-based, point-
of-care clinical research database with access to
information on pharmaceutical topics, guidelines,
abstracts, and summaries.
3. Credible meds : Information and resources for
consumers, healthcare professionals and research
scientists who register to receive access to
credible analyses of the scientific research on
medications and their safe use.

30. 4. Drugs@fda : A searchable catalog of FDA approved
drug products both prescription and over the
counter. Includes information such as therapeutic
equivalents and links to documents relating to
approval.
5. FDA ORANGE BOOK : The Food & Drug
Administration's Electronic Orange Book with
Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations enables
searching of the approved drug list by active
ingredient, proprietary name, applicant holder or
applicant number.
6. Lactmed : LactMed is a peer-reviewed and fully
referenced database of drugs to which breastfeeding
mothers may be exposed. Information includes the
drugs potential effects on infants and lactation.

31. 7. NEW MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMENT DATABASE : This
database includes medicines currently in clinical
trials or at FDA for review. Searchable by drug
name, indication, status, or company.
8. pharmacist’s letter : Monthly newsletter that
provides information and updates for drugs and
pharmacy practice .
9. TGA DRUGS IN PREGNANCY : A database
containing information about the potential risks and
hazards associated with the use of specific drugs in
pregnancy.
10. Toxnet : A suite of databases covering
toxicology, environmental, health, and hazardous
chemicals.

32. 11. India drug index
• This is a drug database by india
• The key feature of this drug data base is that it is available
for everyone to use in the form of an mobile application
• It is the India's largest drug database used by Physicians,
health care providers and pharmacists across the country.
• The app extensively covers over 3900+ drug
entries,including the newly FDA-approved small molecules
and 61.000+ generic brands marketed and prescribed all
Over india
• App is very handy and is very useful for everyone.