The document discusses governance needs for mega-projects. Mega-projects require "mega-governance" which involves increased oversight, communication, and management of risks, stakeholders, and decisions compared to standard projects. Effective governance focuses on outcomes, steers projects through change, and involves extensive communication. It requires skills like foresight, listening, leadership, and asking the right questions rather than command and control. The optimal level of governance is useful, organized, consistent, supportive, objective, and forward-looking. Governance can support informed risk-taking by maintaining a positive attitude toward risk and keeping risk management processes simple and focused on outcomes.