APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born in 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu into a poor family and showed early academic promise. Kalam received his education from the Madras Institute of Technology and joined the Defense Research and Development Organization as a scientist. He played a pivotal role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapons programs and was widely respected as a leading scientist. In 2002, Kalam was elected President of India as the NDA candidate and became the first scientist to hold the nation's highest office. After his presidency, he continued his work to promote science education in India.