This document provides guidelines for using APA style formatting for citations and references in research papers, including:
1. Explaining the purpose of citations as identifying sources of ideas and information used in the paper and listing sources in a references section.
2. Describing APA formatting guidelines for in-text citations, including providing the author's last name and date of publication, and page numbers when quoting or paraphrasing a source.
3. Providing examples of how to cite different sources, such as one author, two authors, group authors, sources with no page numbers, and sources found in another source, in both in-text citations and references.
Grand Canyon UniversityAmerican Psychological Association [APA] St.docxshericehewat
Grand Canyon University
American Psychological Association [APA] Style Guide for WritingIntroduction
Students of Grand Canyon University (GCU) are required to use the guidelines provided by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for preparing written assignments, except where otherwise noted. GCU has made APA templates and other resources available within the Student Success Center; therefore, students are not required to purchase the APA manual.
PLEASE NOTE:
The curriculum materials (Syllabus, Lectures/Readings, Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and should not be used as examples of correct APA format when preparing written work for class.
APA Format and Style
General
Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc.
Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means, avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and they. Do not use contractions.Paper Format
1) Use standard-sized paper of 8.5″ x 11″.
2) Margins should be 1″ all around (top, bottom, left, right).
3) Use Times New Roman 12-point font.
4) For emphasis, use italics (not quotation marks, bold, etc.).
5) Double-space.
6) Align the text flush left. Organization
The basic organization of an APA-style paper includes the title page, abstract, body, and reference section, though students are encouraged to follow any specific directions given in their Overview assignment.
Title Page
The title page includes four elements that should be centered in the middle of the page: title, author byline, institutional affiliation followed by the course prefix and number (e.g., Grand Canyon University: PSY 351), and date of submission. Please note that even though APA does not require the date on a title page, it is a requirement for GCU papers.
Being the first page, the title page is where to set up your page header, which includes the running head and the page number. The running head—an abbreviated title that is a maximum of 50 characters—should appear flush left in all uppercase letters in the header on all pages. Page numbers should be in the header, flush right.
To format your running head and page numbers in Microsoft Word 2010, click InsertHeader Blank. In the header box that shows up, type Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE. After the title, tab over till the cursor is at the right margin, highlight the space, and click InsertPage Number and select Current PositionPlain Number.
Abstract
The abstract covers the ma ...
Assignment 3b Threats Defense ArgumentDue in Week 10 and wo.docxdanielfoster65629
Assignment 3b: Threats Defense Argument
Due in Week 10 and worth 100 points
The information you provided in your presentation on Threats to the Global Environment has led to productive debates at
the UN General Assembly! There are now questions about prioritizing the issues at hand. Some of the countries are
challenging your recommendations and questioning your reasons for not including the issues they believe are priority.
From the initial eight global threats, there are four remaining threats that you did not choose in the list of major global
issues. Review the list of topics and reflect on two that you did not use in last week’s assignment. Defend your reason for
considering these topics lower in priority than the ones in your presentation.
Energy sources Civil war
Globalization Poor health of entire populations
Lack of educational opportunities Cultural taboos
Inappropriate uses of technology Climate change
The completed version of this assignment will consist of the following:
1. Select two threats from the list above that you did not use in your Assignment 3a presentation.
2. Create a minimum two-page document in which you outline a counterargument for the two threats you selected:
Write an opening statement describing the perception of each threat.
Write one paragraph for each threat (two paragraphs total) in which you give three reasons to explain
why the threat is less of a priority to the global environment than the four you selected in Assignment
3a. Support your reasons with at least three credible sources.
A conclusion statement for each threat.
3. Cite at least three credible sources excluding Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias for your assessment. A
brief list of suggested resources has been provided at the end of the course guide.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Examine the factors that account for why the growth in the world’s population can negatively affect the
global society
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing
skills, using the following rubric:
APA Formatting
This document has the summarized, high points of the APA format that all students need to be aware in writing papers academically. There are many more details and requirements in the APA than in this condensed version. If the item needed is not included here, please refer to the APA manual or visit the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for more specific information in APA formatting.
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Indent 5 spaces or ½ inch on the first line of every paragraph. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. There are two aspects of essay formats that you should keep in mind:
· Every other line in the entire paper will have text.
· Consistency and unifor.
This webinar focuses on APA editing! Specifically we will be discussing some of the basic rules of grammar, formatting and references, as well as some of the most common mistakes and how to avoid them.
Running head TITLE OF PAPER1TITLE OF PAPER5Title .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1
TITLE OF PAPER 5
Title of Your Essay
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month, Day, Year
Title of Your Essay
Start the first paragraph here. It should introduce your reader to the subject you are writing about, as well as your particular position or claim. To learn more about what an introduction should include and what to include in a conclusion, please see the following resource: Introductions & Conclusions. Please read about thesis statements on our Ashford Writing Center website: Thesis Statements. Other helpful tools on our website are the Thesis Generator and Moving from Prompt to Thesis.
The Writing Process
Spend time planning your paper. Before you can create your first paragraph, consider these “pre-writing” tips. A good practice is to brainstorm ideas and decide how to express the main idea or thesis. Once you have a rough idea of what you want to say or argue, create an outline or list to help you organize the evidence you plan to present. For longer papers, include sub-headings or levels of heading. You can use this template to help you format your paper.
Writing the Body Paragraphs
Each paragraph of your assignment should be clear and easy to follow. We have several good resources to help you write a strong paragraph, such as How to Write a Good Paragraph and the P.I.E. Paragraph Structure.
Using Citations Correctly
In addition to being well-written, each paragraph should include an in-text citation to all ideas, references, or quotations that are from outside sources and research. The Ashford Writing Center provides many resources to help you follow correct citation style (primarily APA) and gives lessons and examples of how to paraphrase and cite sources. The APA Key Elements page is a good place to start.
Using Tables, Graphs, Images, and Appendices
For some papers and reports, you may choose to add a table, graph, or image
within the body of the draft. Or you may choose to include an appendix at the end of your paper. These can help to provide a visual representation of data or other information that you wish to relay to your reader. Follow this guidance to understand when and how to use these features.
References
The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the AWC References page. References are listed in alphabetical order.
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL
**When including a UR ...
Grand Canyon UniversityAmerican Psychological Association [APA] St.docxshericehewat
Grand Canyon University
American Psychological Association [APA] Style Guide for WritingIntroduction
Students of Grand Canyon University (GCU) are required to use the guidelines provided by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for preparing written assignments, except where otherwise noted. GCU has made APA templates and other resources available within the Student Success Center; therefore, students are not required to purchase the APA manual.
PLEASE NOTE:
The curriculum materials (Syllabus, Lectures/Readings, Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and should not be used as examples of correct APA format when preparing written work for class.
APA Format and Style
General
Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc.
Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means, avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and they. Do not use contractions.Paper Format
1) Use standard-sized paper of 8.5″ x 11″.
2) Margins should be 1″ all around (top, bottom, left, right).
3) Use Times New Roman 12-point font.
4) For emphasis, use italics (not quotation marks, bold, etc.).
5) Double-space.
6) Align the text flush left. Organization
The basic organization of an APA-style paper includes the title page, abstract, body, and reference section, though students are encouraged to follow any specific directions given in their Overview assignment.
Title Page
The title page includes four elements that should be centered in the middle of the page: title, author byline, institutional affiliation followed by the course prefix and number (e.g., Grand Canyon University: PSY 351), and date of submission. Please note that even though APA does not require the date on a title page, it is a requirement for GCU papers.
Being the first page, the title page is where to set up your page header, which includes the running head and the page number. The running head—an abbreviated title that is a maximum of 50 characters—should appear flush left in all uppercase letters in the header on all pages. Page numbers should be in the header, flush right.
To format your running head and page numbers in Microsoft Word 2010, click InsertHeader Blank. In the header box that shows up, type Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE. After the title, tab over till the cursor is at the right margin, highlight the space, and click InsertPage Number and select Current PositionPlain Number.
Abstract
The abstract covers the ma ...
Assignment 3b Threats Defense ArgumentDue in Week 10 and wo.docxdanielfoster65629
Assignment 3b: Threats Defense Argument
Due in Week 10 and worth 100 points
The information you provided in your presentation on Threats to the Global Environment has led to productive debates at
the UN General Assembly! There are now questions about prioritizing the issues at hand. Some of the countries are
challenging your recommendations and questioning your reasons for not including the issues they believe are priority.
From the initial eight global threats, there are four remaining threats that you did not choose in the list of major global
issues. Review the list of topics and reflect on two that you did not use in last week’s assignment. Defend your reason for
considering these topics lower in priority than the ones in your presentation.
Energy sources Civil war
Globalization Poor health of entire populations
Lack of educational opportunities Cultural taboos
Inappropriate uses of technology Climate change
The completed version of this assignment will consist of the following:
1. Select two threats from the list above that you did not use in your Assignment 3a presentation.
2. Create a minimum two-page document in which you outline a counterargument for the two threats you selected:
Write an opening statement describing the perception of each threat.
Write one paragraph for each threat (two paragraphs total) in which you give three reasons to explain
why the threat is less of a priority to the global environment than the four you selected in Assignment
3a. Support your reasons with at least three credible sources.
A conclusion statement for each threat.
3. Cite at least three credible sources excluding Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias for your assessment. A
brief list of suggested resources has been provided at the end of the course guide.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Examine the factors that account for why the growth in the world’s population can negatively affect the
global society
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing
skills, using the following rubric:
APA Formatting
This document has the summarized, high points of the APA format that all students need to be aware in writing papers academically. There are many more details and requirements in the APA than in this condensed version. If the item needed is not included here, please refer to the APA manual or visit the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for more specific information in APA formatting.
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Indent 5 spaces or ½ inch on the first line of every paragraph. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. There are two aspects of essay formats that you should keep in mind:
· Every other line in the entire paper will have text.
· Consistency and unifor.
This webinar focuses on APA editing! Specifically we will be discussing some of the basic rules of grammar, formatting and references, as well as some of the most common mistakes and how to avoid them.
Running head TITLE OF PAPER1TITLE OF PAPER5Title .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1
TITLE OF PAPER 5
Title of Your Essay
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month, Day, Year
Title of Your Essay
Start the first paragraph here. It should introduce your reader to the subject you are writing about, as well as your particular position or claim. To learn more about what an introduction should include and what to include in a conclusion, please see the following resource: Introductions & Conclusions. Please read about thesis statements on our Ashford Writing Center website: Thesis Statements. Other helpful tools on our website are the Thesis Generator and Moving from Prompt to Thesis.
The Writing Process
Spend time planning your paper. Before you can create your first paragraph, consider these “pre-writing” tips. A good practice is to brainstorm ideas and decide how to express the main idea or thesis. Once you have a rough idea of what you want to say or argue, create an outline or list to help you organize the evidence you plan to present. For longer papers, include sub-headings or levels of heading. You can use this template to help you format your paper.
Writing the Body Paragraphs
Each paragraph of your assignment should be clear and easy to follow. We have several good resources to help you write a strong paragraph, such as How to Write a Good Paragraph and the P.I.E. Paragraph Structure.
Using Citations Correctly
In addition to being well-written, each paragraph should include an in-text citation to all ideas, references, or quotations that are from outside sources and research. The Ashford Writing Center provides many resources to help you follow correct citation style (primarily APA) and gives lessons and examples of how to paraphrase and cite sources. The APA Key Elements page is a good place to start.
Using Tables, Graphs, Images, and Appendices
For some papers and reports, you may choose to add a table, graph, or image
within the body of the draft. Or you may choose to include an appendix at the end of your paper. These can help to provide a visual representation of data or other information that you wish to relay to your reader. Follow this guidance to understand when and how to use these features.
References
The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the AWC References page. References are listed in alphabetical order.
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL
**When including a UR ...
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
Common APA Mistakes and How to Avoid Them When Transitioning to APA 7Statistics Solutions
In this webinar, you will learn about the most common APA formatting mistakes. We cover the changes from APA 6 to APA 7 and highlight areas requiring attention when transitioning from APA 6 to APA 7.
PPA 2008 – American Government and Public Administration.docxharrisonhoward80223
PPA 2008 – American Government
and Public Administration
APA Formatting and Style Guide
General format;
Reference page;
In-text citations.
(Adapted from Dr. Daniels’s Lectures)
1
What is APA?
APA (American Psychological
Association) is the most
commonly used format for
manuscripts in the Social
Sciences.
2
What does APA regulate?
APA regulates:
Stylistics
In-text citations
References (a list of all
sources used in the paper)
3
APA stylistics: Basics
Use the third person point of view rather than using
the first person point of view;
The study showed that…, NOT
I found out that….
Use the active voice rather than passive voice.
The participants responded…, NOT
The participants have been asked….
4
Language in an APA paper is:
• clear: be specific in descriptions and explanations;
• concise: condense information when you can;
• plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and
minimize the figurative language.
APA stylistics: Language
5
APA: General Format
Your essay should:
be typed, double-spaced, with two spaces after
punctuation between sentences;
with 1” margins on all sides;
in 12 pt. Times New Roman;
include a page header (title) in the upper left-hand
of every page and a page number in the upper
right-hand side of every page.
6
References
Main Body
Abstract
General Format (cont’d)
Title page
Your essay should
include four major
sections:
7
Title Page
Page header (use Insert Page
Header):
title flush left;
page number flush right.
Title (in the upper half of the
page, centered);
name (no title or degree);
affiliation (university, etc.).
8
Abstract Page
Page header: do NOT include
“Running head:”
Abstract (centered, at the top of
the page)
Write a brief (between 150 and 250
words) summary of your paper in an
accurate, concise, and specific
manner. Should contain: at research
topic, research questions,
participants, methods, results, data
analysis, and conclusions. May also
include possible implications of your
research and future work you see
connected with your findings. May
also include keywords. 9
Main Body (Text)
The first text page is page number 3;
Type the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page;
Type the text double-spaced with all sections following
each other without a break;
Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical
in-text citations;
Format tables and figures.
10
References: Basics
Center the title – References – at the top of the page;
Double space reference entries;
Flush left the first line of the entry and indent
subsequent lines;
Order entries alphabetically by the author’s surnames;
11
References: Basics (cont’d)
Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by
initials);
Alphabetize reference list entries the last name of the first
author of each work;
Capitalize only the first letter of th.
1. Essay) Discuss the drivers in the environment and the economy t.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Essay) Discuss the drivers in the environment and the economy that provide a driver for the sustainable. In your answer include a discussion as to how population affluence and Technology impact the biosphere. How do these come together in their impact? (i.e. discuss the synergies between these) and where does the sustainable business fit within these.
2. (Essay) Describe in detail why regulatory compliance is far below the standards of a responsible, sustainable business. Be sure to comprehensively develop the concept of Corporate Responsibility in your essay.
3. (Essay) Describe how the market reacts to correct overconsumption of a resource such as water or gasoline. Why doesn’t the market respond in similar ways to air quality of habitat destruction?
4.What are the three fundamental challenges to a sustainable economy?
5. (Essay) Discuss international finance as it relates to sustainability.
6. Where will changes in the traditional business paradigm have to occur in order to accommodate sustainability in the coming decades?
7. (Essay) Briefly describe the “Cradle –to-cradle model. Provide at least one example to support your answer.
1
Note to students: This is an example of a paper formatted to generally align with APA manuscript standards. It is offered as one example approach to formatting professional papers. Other formatting conventions are also acceptable. The point is for you to follow a manuscript format that is consistent and professional. The JWMI intends for you to focus on learning course topics rather than being preoccupied with manuscript formatting details. Having a template to follow should make formatting your papers easier.
Title of Paper
Author’s Name
Jack Welch Management Institute
Professor’s Name
Course Number
Date
Abstract
Following generally accepted rules for preparing manuscripts will help students confidently structure professional papers. This manuscript provides a basic layout for students to apply in this program and in their professional writing. The approach is based upon the sixth edition of the APA guidelines (2009). The topics of general formatting, the introduction, section headings, quotations, citations, conclusion, and references are discussed. The APA guidelines define an abstract as a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief summary of the paper, such as this abstract. The total length should not exceed 120 words, with each sentence written concisely.
Introduction
Learning to write in a recognized
professional format, such as APA, will help students achieve effective academic and professional writing. Using an established manuscript format is more efficient for the author and the reader, leading to more effective communication. According to a College Board (2004) survey of 120 major American corporations, “in today’s workplace writing is a threshold skill for hiring ...
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 1
Rules for Creating a Research Paper
Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
Author’s Full Name
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This research is being submitted on September 15, 2009 for John Smith's ENC1100 course at
Rasmussen College by Jane Doe.
Insert page number.
After the running head, enter 8 times. Click the “Center” button.
Type the title of your paper, which should be more than two or three words.
These lines should be double-spaced.
If you have a long title, you may type it on
two lines.
For the Running head, type in part of your title in ALL
CAPS after the words “Running head”. Left-justify the
text in the header.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 2
Rules for Creating a Research Paper Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
An APA formatted paper is created using one-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and
right sides. APA papers are always double spaced. Paragraphs are indented ½ inch. Just type the
TAB key once. The body of your paper consists of the information you researched on your
paper’s topic in order to support your own position or thesis.
If the information in your paper is not your own original thought, you need to include an
in-text citation and a references page to give credit to the original author of the idea. Your paper
should include direct quotes and paraphrasing. You will notice in this paper, there are several
different types of in-text citations, and they have been created using correct APA formatting for
in-text citations.
Types of In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used when you paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to
information you’ve learned during your research. The first two in-text citations in this paper are
examples of how to set up in-text citations when you’re paraphrasing, summarizing, or referring
to the information from a source rather than copying text word for word. They demonstrate how
to give credit to the author. For the first type of citation, place the author’s last name and the year
of publication at the end of the sentence in parenthesis (Reed, 2005). Notice the comma and
space after the author’s name and notice the period for the sentence is after the final parentheses.
Another variation is when you use the author’s name at the beginning of the sentence. In the
following sentence, you will notice that Mary Nelson’s last name only appears at the beginning
of the sentence; therefore, the in-text citation immediately follows her name. According to
Nelson (2005), the use of APA formatting for in-text citations is very easy to complete.
The paper begins with the full title of the paper.
In-text
citation
for first
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
In-text
citation
for
second
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
Example
of first
level
heading.
Running head: RULES FOR C.
15Quantitative Research Study ReportInsert YouKiyokoSlagleis
1
5
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert Your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
Introduction
Research Theory Framework
1. What were the key concepts of the research framework that supported the development of the research questions?
2. What are your reflections on the connections between theoretical or conceptual frameworks and research questions as they relate to developing an Applied Improvement Project (AIP)?
Methodology
3. Describe the intervention?
Results
4. From the results, describe the answers to each of the four research questions and the rationale or supporting evidence for those answers.
Discussion/Conclusion
5. What ideas, concepts, or processes from this study did you find interesting or useful and how might those ideas, concepts, or processes be incorporated into an applied research project.
References
Chen, M., Hwang, G., & Chang, Y. (2019). A reflective thinking-promoting approach to enhancing graduate students’ flipped learning engagement, participation behaviors, reflective thinking and project learning outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2288-2307.https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/bjet.12823
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
1
2
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
[Important Writing Instructions]
[This assignment needs be written in the third person voice. Do not write in the first-person voice (I . . .). There should be none of you and your voice in this assignment or the course project. However, for those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your Applied Improvement Project, you can answer in the first-person voice. Do not use awkward language such as The researcher . . . or The learner when referring to yourself. Do not refer to yourself unless you are answering those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your potential Applied Improvement Project (AIP). Do not write in the second person voice (writing that uses or implies the language you or your).]
[Always present the study and other literature with past tense verbs (APA 7th ed. section 4.12 pp. 117-118); for example, Chen et al. (2019) conducted . . .]
[Scholarly writing is meant to be read and interpreted literally. Therefore, please avoid slang, colloquialisms, anthropomorphisms, and conversational writing (refer to APA 7th ed. pp. 113-125). Instead, be clear, precise, and accurate in your writing.]
[At the doctoral level, most of your writin ...
1
5
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert Your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
Introduction
Research Theory Framework
1. What were the key concepts of the research framework that supported the development of the research questions?
2. What are your reflections on the connections between theoretical or conceptual frameworks and research questions as they relate to developing an Applied Improvement Project (AIP)?
Methodology
3. Describe the intervention?
Results
4. From the results, describe the answers to each of the four research questions and the rationale or supporting evidence for those answers.
Discussion/Conclusion
5. What ideas, concepts, or processes from this study did you find interesting or useful and how might those ideas, concepts, or processes be incorporated into an applied research project.
References
Chen, M., Hwang, G., & Chang, Y. (2019). A reflective thinking-promoting approach to enhancing graduate students’ flipped learning engagement, participation behaviors, reflective thinking and project learning outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2288-2307.https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/bjet.12823
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
1
2
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
[Important Writing Instructions]
[This assignment needs be written in the third person voice. Do not write in the first-person voice (I . . .). There should be none of you and your voice in this assignment or the course project. However, for those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your Applied Improvement Project, you can answer in the first-person voice. Do not use awkward language such as The researcher . . . or The learner when referring to yourself. Do not refer to yourself unless you are answering those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your potential Applied Improvement Project (AIP). Do not write in the second person voice (writing that uses or implies the language you or your).]
[Always present the study and other literature with past tense verbs (APA 7th ed. section 4.12 pp. 117-118); for example, Chen et al. (2019) conducted . . .]
[Scholarly writing is meant to be read and interpreted literally. Therefore, please avoid slang, colloquialisms, anthropomorphisms, and conversational writing (refer to APA 7th ed. pp. 113-125). Instead, be clear, precise, and accurate in your writing.]
[At the doctoral level, most of your writin ...
Apa Format For Research Paper
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The Importance Of Writing: APA
Write The Citation In APA Format Paper
Apa Format Writing Style Analysis
APA Style Analysis
Apa Format Research Paper
APA Style Format
The Importance Of Writing In The APA Style
Apa Format Analysis
Importance Of Apa Format
Apa Style Analysis
Apa Format
Examples Of APA Style
Perfect Apa Format Analysis
APA Style Of Writing
Reflection Of APA Style Writing
Reflective Essay: Why I Choose APA Format
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
Common APA Mistakes and How to Avoid Them When Transitioning to APA 7Statistics Solutions
In this webinar, you will learn about the most common APA formatting mistakes. We cover the changes from APA 6 to APA 7 and highlight areas requiring attention when transitioning from APA 6 to APA 7.
PPA 2008 – American Government and Public Administration.docxharrisonhoward80223
PPA 2008 – American Government
and Public Administration
APA Formatting and Style Guide
General format;
Reference page;
In-text citations.
(Adapted from Dr. Daniels’s Lectures)
1
What is APA?
APA (American Psychological
Association) is the most
commonly used format for
manuscripts in the Social
Sciences.
2
What does APA regulate?
APA regulates:
Stylistics
In-text citations
References (a list of all
sources used in the paper)
3
APA stylistics: Basics
Use the third person point of view rather than using
the first person point of view;
The study showed that…, NOT
I found out that….
Use the active voice rather than passive voice.
The participants responded…, NOT
The participants have been asked….
4
Language in an APA paper is:
• clear: be specific in descriptions and explanations;
• concise: condense information when you can;
• plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and
minimize the figurative language.
APA stylistics: Language
5
APA: General Format
Your essay should:
be typed, double-spaced, with two spaces after
punctuation between sentences;
with 1” margins on all sides;
in 12 pt. Times New Roman;
include a page header (title) in the upper left-hand
of every page and a page number in the upper
right-hand side of every page.
6
References
Main Body
Abstract
General Format (cont’d)
Title page
Your essay should
include four major
sections:
7
Title Page
Page header (use Insert Page
Header):
title flush left;
page number flush right.
Title (in the upper half of the
page, centered);
name (no title or degree);
affiliation (university, etc.).
8
Abstract Page
Page header: do NOT include
“Running head:”
Abstract (centered, at the top of
the page)
Write a brief (between 150 and 250
words) summary of your paper in an
accurate, concise, and specific
manner. Should contain: at research
topic, research questions,
participants, methods, results, data
analysis, and conclusions. May also
include possible implications of your
research and future work you see
connected with your findings. May
also include keywords. 9
Main Body (Text)
The first text page is page number 3;
Type the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page;
Type the text double-spaced with all sections following
each other without a break;
Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical
in-text citations;
Format tables and figures.
10
References: Basics
Center the title – References – at the top of the page;
Double space reference entries;
Flush left the first line of the entry and indent
subsequent lines;
Order entries alphabetically by the author’s surnames;
11
References: Basics (cont’d)
Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by
initials);
Alphabetize reference list entries the last name of the first
author of each work;
Capitalize only the first letter of th.
1. Essay) Discuss the drivers in the environment and the economy t.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Essay) Discuss the drivers in the environment and the economy that provide a driver for the sustainable. In your answer include a discussion as to how population affluence and Technology impact the biosphere. How do these come together in their impact? (i.e. discuss the synergies between these) and where does the sustainable business fit within these.
2. (Essay) Describe in detail why regulatory compliance is far below the standards of a responsible, sustainable business. Be sure to comprehensively develop the concept of Corporate Responsibility in your essay.
3. (Essay) Describe how the market reacts to correct overconsumption of a resource such as water or gasoline. Why doesn’t the market respond in similar ways to air quality of habitat destruction?
4.What are the three fundamental challenges to a sustainable economy?
5. (Essay) Discuss international finance as it relates to sustainability.
6. Where will changes in the traditional business paradigm have to occur in order to accommodate sustainability in the coming decades?
7. (Essay) Briefly describe the “Cradle –to-cradle model. Provide at least one example to support your answer.
1
Note to students: This is an example of a paper formatted to generally align with APA manuscript standards. It is offered as one example approach to formatting professional papers. Other formatting conventions are also acceptable. The point is for you to follow a manuscript format that is consistent and professional. The JWMI intends for you to focus on learning course topics rather than being preoccupied with manuscript formatting details. Having a template to follow should make formatting your papers easier.
Title of Paper
Author’s Name
Jack Welch Management Institute
Professor’s Name
Course Number
Date
Abstract
Following generally accepted rules for preparing manuscripts will help students confidently structure professional papers. This manuscript provides a basic layout for students to apply in this program and in their professional writing. The approach is based upon the sixth edition of the APA guidelines (2009). The topics of general formatting, the introduction, section headings, quotations, citations, conclusion, and references are discussed. The APA guidelines define an abstract as a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief summary of the paper, such as this abstract. The total length should not exceed 120 words, with each sentence written concisely.
Introduction
Learning to write in a recognized
professional format, such as APA, will help students achieve effective academic and professional writing. Using an established manuscript format is more efficient for the author and the reader, leading to more effective communication. According to a College Board (2004) survey of 120 major American corporations, “in today’s workplace writing is a threshold skill for hiring ...
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 1
Rules for Creating a Research Paper
Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
Author’s Full Name
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This research is being submitted on September 15, 2009 for John Smith's ENC1100 course at
Rasmussen College by Jane Doe.
Insert page number.
After the running head, enter 8 times. Click the “Center” button.
Type the title of your paper, which should be more than two or three words.
These lines should be double-spaced.
If you have a long title, you may type it on
two lines.
For the Running head, type in part of your title in ALL
CAPS after the words “Running head”. Left-justify the
text in the header.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 2
Rules for Creating a Research Paper Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
An APA formatted paper is created using one-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and
right sides. APA papers are always double spaced. Paragraphs are indented ½ inch. Just type the
TAB key once. The body of your paper consists of the information you researched on your
paper’s topic in order to support your own position or thesis.
If the information in your paper is not your own original thought, you need to include an
in-text citation and a references page to give credit to the original author of the idea. Your paper
should include direct quotes and paraphrasing. You will notice in this paper, there are several
different types of in-text citations, and they have been created using correct APA formatting for
in-text citations.
Types of In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used when you paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to
information you’ve learned during your research. The first two in-text citations in this paper are
examples of how to set up in-text citations when you’re paraphrasing, summarizing, or referring
to the information from a source rather than copying text word for word. They demonstrate how
to give credit to the author. For the first type of citation, place the author’s last name and the year
of publication at the end of the sentence in parenthesis (Reed, 2005). Notice the comma and
space after the author’s name and notice the period for the sentence is after the final parentheses.
Another variation is when you use the author’s name at the beginning of the sentence. In the
following sentence, you will notice that Mary Nelson’s last name only appears at the beginning
of the sentence; therefore, the in-text citation immediately follows her name. According to
Nelson (2005), the use of APA formatting for in-text citations is very easy to complete.
The paper begins with the full title of the paper.
In-text
citation
for first
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
In-text
citation
for
second
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
Example
of first
level
heading.
Running head: RULES FOR C.
15Quantitative Research Study ReportInsert YouKiyokoSlagleis
1
5
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert Your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
Introduction
Research Theory Framework
1. What were the key concepts of the research framework that supported the development of the research questions?
2. What are your reflections on the connections between theoretical or conceptual frameworks and research questions as they relate to developing an Applied Improvement Project (AIP)?
Methodology
3. Describe the intervention?
Results
4. From the results, describe the answers to each of the four research questions and the rationale or supporting evidence for those answers.
Discussion/Conclusion
5. What ideas, concepts, or processes from this study did you find interesting or useful and how might those ideas, concepts, or processes be incorporated into an applied research project.
References
Chen, M., Hwang, G., & Chang, Y. (2019). A reflective thinking-promoting approach to enhancing graduate students’ flipped learning engagement, participation behaviors, reflective thinking and project learning outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2288-2307.https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/bjet.12823
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
1
2
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
[Important Writing Instructions]
[This assignment needs be written in the third person voice. Do not write in the first-person voice (I . . .). There should be none of you and your voice in this assignment or the course project. However, for those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your Applied Improvement Project, you can answer in the first-person voice. Do not use awkward language such as The researcher . . . or The learner when referring to yourself. Do not refer to yourself unless you are answering those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your potential Applied Improvement Project (AIP). Do not write in the second person voice (writing that uses or implies the language you or your).]
[Always present the study and other literature with past tense verbs (APA 7th ed. section 4.12 pp. 117-118); for example, Chen et al. (2019) conducted . . .]
[Scholarly writing is meant to be read and interpreted literally. Therefore, please avoid slang, colloquialisms, anthropomorphisms, and conversational writing (refer to APA 7th ed. pp. 113-125). Instead, be clear, precise, and accurate in your writing.]
[At the doctoral level, most of your writin ...
1
5
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert Your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
Introduction
Research Theory Framework
1. What were the key concepts of the research framework that supported the development of the research questions?
2. What are your reflections on the connections between theoretical or conceptual frameworks and research questions as they relate to developing an Applied Improvement Project (AIP)?
Methodology
3. Describe the intervention?
Results
4. From the results, describe the answers to each of the four research questions and the rationale or supporting evidence for those answers.
Discussion/Conclusion
5. What ideas, concepts, or processes from this study did you find interesting or useful and how might those ideas, concepts, or processes be incorporated into an applied research project.
References
Chen, M., Hwang, G., & Chang, Y. (2019). A reflective thinking-promoting approach to enhancing graduate students’ flipped learning engagement, participation behaviors, reflective thinking and project learning outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2288-2307.https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/bjet.12823
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
1
2
Quantitative Research Study Report
Insert your Name Here
School of Public Service and Education, Capella University
EDD8040: Research Design for Practitioners
Insert the Instructor’s Name Here
Insert the Due Date Here (Month, Day, Year)
[Important Writing Instructions]
[This assignment needs be written in the third person voice. Do not write in the first-person voice (I . . .). There should be none of you and your voice in this assignment or the course project. However, for those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your Applied Improvement Project, you can answer in the first-person voice. Do not use awkward language such as The researcher . . . or The learner when referring to yourself. Do not refer to yourself unless you are answering those questions that ask you your opinion or how something applies to your potential Applied Improvement Project (AIP). Do not write in the second person voice (writing that uses or implies the language you or your).]
[Always present the study and other literature with past tense verbs (APA 7th ed. section 4.12 pp. 117-118); for example, Chen et al. (2019) conducted . . .]
[Scholarly writing is meant to be read and interpreted literally. Therefore, please avoid slang, colloquialisms, anthropomorphisms, and conversational writing (refer to APA 7th ed. pp. 113-125). Instead, be clear, precise, and accurate in your writing.]
[At the doctoral level, most of your writin ...
Apa Format For Research Paper
Apa Style Analysis
How To Write A Research Paper In Apa Format
Aspects Of Using Apa Format
The Importance Of Writing: APA
Write The Citation In APA Format Paper
Apa Format Writing Style Analysis
APA Style Analysis
Apa Format Research Paper
APA Style Format
The Importance Of Writing In The APA Style
Apa Format Analysis
Importance Of Apa Format
Apa Style Analysis
Apa Format
Examples Of APA Style
Perfect Apa Format Analysis
APA Style Of Writing
Reflection Of APA Style Writing
Reflective Essay: Why I Choose APA Format
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Apa Documentatio(10)
1. 1
APA Documentation in Research Papers (2014-2015)
The Purpose of Referencing/Documentation
A. to identify (cite) other people’s ideas and information used within your essay or term paper, and
B. to indicate the sources of these citations in the References list at the end of your paper.
APA Format
The APA format is only one of many methods of documentation. Details about the format are found in
the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th
ed.) (at MRU Bookstore and MRU Library)
the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (6th
ed.) (referred to in this handout as Electronic Guide)
the APA website at http://apastyle.apa.org/ (including Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]) and the APA Style Blog
NOTE: The APA manual is not designed specifically for students. These guidelines have been adapted to fit the needs of MRU students.
Please consult with your professors if you have any questions about referencing guidelines for specific courses.
Avoiding Plagiarism – Citation Principles for Essays and Term Papers [APA pp. 169170]
Within essays, term papers, and any other written assignments (as in all academic work), you must identify (i.e., reference, document,
cite) all quotations, paraphrases, ideas, and images from someone else’s work. You must name the original author or source and
surround quoted material with quotation marks or set it in a block format as described in this handout (p. 2). Copying any material and
submitting it as your own (plagiarism) is an academic offence. Plagiarism may result in failure on the assignment and, in some cases,
expulsion from a course. For more information, see the Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism and the section on “Plagiarism & Cheating” on
p. 14 of the MRU Student Conduct Guide at www.mtroyal.ca/codeofstudentconduct.
NOTE: Page numbers in square brackets refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Electronic Guide.
Referencing/Citing Sources Within Your Paper
Whenever you use a quotation from an author or summarize or paraphrase a person’s ideas or research, you must identify
(reference/cite) the source. This in-text citation is formatted with parentheses and shows
the last name of the author(s) of the work, unless already stated [APA p. 174]
or the first few words of the References list entry (usually the title) if the author is not known [APA p. 176]
the year of publication or n.d. (no date) if the year is not known [APA p. 185]
page number(s) if available (if not available, refer to p. 2 of this handout) [APA pp. 170172]
Citing Short Quotations (fewer than 40 words) [APA pp. 92, 170172]
When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite its source.
Author’s name in your text
OR
Author’s name in parentheses ( )
Lee (2007) stated, “The ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age of
technological change” (p. 82).
One researcher emphasized that “the ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age
of technological change” (Lee, 2007, p. 82).
NOTE: You must blend quotations into your own sentences. Begin with your own words or start with the author/date and follow with the quoted material (see
examples above). When using the author said/stated format without the word that, start the quotation with a capital letter.
2. 2
Citing Long Quotations (40 or more words) [APA pp. 92, 170172]
Use a block format in which all lines of the quotation are indented approximately ½ inch from the margin.
Do not use quotation marks.
Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.
Wang, Johnston, Juarez, and Marks (2010) described effective time management as an ongoing process:
Time management is not a skill that can be achieved at once; it takes self-awareness, planning, execution, and reflection. The
perception about time management is that the work is done once a schedule is created. In reality, that is only the first step.
Successful students are adaptable and flexible; they are able to make changes to a schedule because they can purposefully
and proactively move tasks around to adjust to new situations. (p. 27) *period before the parentheses for long quotations
Citing Summaries or Paraphrases [APA pp. 171, 174]
When you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author. APA (2010) also
recommends you include a page or paragraph number to “help an interested reader locate the relevant passage” (p. 171).
One researcher emphasized the necessity of flexibly applied thinking to cope with rapidly changing technology (Lee, 2007, p. 82).
OR Lee (2007) emphasized that flexibly applied thinking is vital to cope with rapidly changing technology (p. 82).
Citing Information If No Page Numbers Are Available [APA pp. 171172; FAQ]
Electronic sources such as websites commonly have no page numbers, so you cannot put a page number in the in-text citation.
PDFs, however, normally show original page numbers.
If the source has no page numbers but explicitly numbers the paragraphs, you can include the paragraph number (s), preceded
by the abbreviation “para.” in the citation parentheses.
If the document has no page or paragraph numbers but does have headings, use the heading (with capitals and no quotation
marks) of the section you are taking information from and then give the number of the paragraph under it that contains the
information you are incorporating in your essay. The example below includes the complete heading: Fostering Health
Security.
According to the World Health Organization (2010), “one of the greatest threats to international health security arises from outbreaks
of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases” (Fostering Health Security, para. 1).
If the heading is long, shorten it, keep capital letters, and put quotation marks around it. The heading What is the Burden of
Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States? has been shortened to “What is the Burden?” in the example below.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) have pointed out that “Alzheimer’s disease is one of the top ten leading causes of
death in the United States” (“What is the Burden?,” para. 1).
If the source has no headings, count the paragraphs and include the paragraph number in parentheses, e.g., (para. 7). [FAQ]
3. 3
Citing a Source Found/Cited in Another Source [APA p. 178]
Often an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report.
For example, in your paper you might include research described in your course textbook. In the sample below, research done by
Pithers is discussed in a journal article written by Lee. Include only Lee’s article in your References list.
A 2000 review by Pithers found little empirical research on students’ critical thinking (as cited in Lee, 2007, p. 83).
Citing References Within Your Paper
The following examples demonstrate APA formatting for either quotations or paraphrased information taken from a reference.
Type of citation
1st time citing a
reference, using
parentheses format at the
end of your sentence
2nd+ citation of a
reference, using
parentheses format at the
end of your sentence
1st time citing
a reference when authors
are named
in your sentence
2nd+ citation of the
reference in another
paragraph with authors
named in your sentence
See NOTE on page 4
One author -------- (Lee, 2007, p. 82). same format as 1st
time Lee (2007) stated, “--------
-------” (p. 82).
same format as 1st
time
Two authors ------- (Smith & Jones,
2004, p. 93).
(use & between names)
same format as 1st
time Smith and Jones (2004)
found that “-----” (p. 93).
(use and between names)
same format as 1st
time
Three to five
authors
(All subsequent
citations use et al.)
---- (Simpson, Stahl, &
Francis, 2004, p. 10).
----------- (Simpson et al.,
2004, p. 18).
(uses et al. format)
Simpson, Stahl, and
Francis (2004) argued that
----------- (p. 10).
As well, Simpson et al.
(2004) found ------- (p.
18).
(uses et al. format)
Six or more authors ------------- (Kallai et al.,
2011, p. 121).
same format as 1st
time Kallai et al. (2011) said
that “----------” (p. 121).
same format as 1st
time
Organizations,
institutions, etc.
as group author
--------- (TransCanada,
2006, p. 11).
same format as 1st
time
TransCanada (2006)
reported that ------ (p. 11).
same format as 1st
time
Group author, no
page numbers
(use web page
headings and
paragraph numbers)
------------------ (World
Health Organization
[WHO], 2010, Fostering
Health Security, para. 1).
(Name of group author and its
acronym are written)
---------------- (WHO,
2010, Fostering Health
Security, para. 8).
(World Health Organization is
written as an acronym in
subsequent citations)
World Health
Organization (WHO,
2010) found that ---------
(Fostering Health
Security, para. 1).
(Name of group author and its
acronym are written)
WHO (2010) reported on
the problem, saying that
--------- (Fostering Health
Security, para. 8).
(World Health Organization is
written as an acronym in
subsequent citations)
No author - article
(use shortened title of
article in quotation
marks in place of
author’s last name)
--------- (“Ancient Tool,”
2009, p. 6).
(Full title is “Ancient Tool
Makers Discovered Fire
Treatment)
same format as 1st
time *The article “Ancient
Tool Makers Discovered
Fire Treatment” (2009)
summarized ----- (p. 6).
As well, “Ancient Tool
Makers Discovered Fire
Treatment” (2009)
included discussion of-----
(p. 8).
*NOTE: When using the shortened title first in the citation, include the appropriate capitalization, and use quotation marks for articles, chapters, or web page titles
and italics for books, reports, or brochures.
No date available
(use n.d.)
----------------- (Buzan,
n.d., p. 23).
same format as 1st
time Buzan (n.d.) explained
that -------------- (p. 23).
same format as 1st
time
4. 4
Sample Research Paper Paragraph with Citations
1st use of a reference
– paraphrase
Followed by 2nd use
of reference, same
page – quotation
1st
source cited
again – uses et al. (only
for 3 or more authors)
4th
and 5th
use of
same reference –
quotation from different
page*
More than one page, use
pp. (plural pages)
Using a source cited
in another source
Personal
communication
cited here, but do
NOT put in References
Long quotation
block format –
period comes before the
parentheses
When students learn more about the process of learning and begin to incorporate the use of specific
strategies, self-monitoring, and self-reflection into their academic endeavours, they are more successful in
reaching their goals. In their examination of students’ acquisition of learning strategies, Simpson, Stahl, and
Francis (2004) stressed that students will use a strategy if they understand how, why, and when to use it (p.
3). The researchers explained that learning this “procedural knowledge would help them understand the steps
. . . and how to modify those steps” (p. 3). Simpson et al. argued that using the specific strategy taught in a
course is often not as important as using the process the students learn of “selecting, summarizing,
organizing, elaborating, monitoring, self-testing, reflecting and evaluating” when working on course content
(p. 4). The researchers recommended that faculty teach students “how to decipher their own academic tasks”
(p. 6). In addition, Lee (2007) argued that once students have acquired a repertoire of study strategies, they
should be taught critical thinking skills to evaluate and modify their use of specific strategies (pp. 8283).
Acquisition of strategic learning is, as Hadwin et al. in 2001 explained, “enacted over time through a series
of events” (as cited in Simpson et al., 2004, p. 3). P. Foley, a professor at North London University,
observed that motivation is strongly linked to student use of learning strategies (personal communication,
May 16, 2007). Motivation, in turn, can be influenced by students’ beliefs about learning. Simpson et al.
(2004) commented on such beliefs:
[Many] college freshmen . . . believe that learning should be easy, completed quickly (i.e., the
night before in a cramming session) and should happen to them because of what others do for
them (i.e., the professor did not teach me to solve that problem). (p. 4)
Flexible use of strategies, self-reflection, and motivation can enhance academic success. If there are
*NOTE: When authors are named in your sentence and you use the reference again in the same paragraph, list authors, date, and page number the first time. List
only the page number for the subsequent citations if it is clear, from context, that the authors are the same. If you write the authors a es agai to
assure clarity, omit the date. However, when you use that reference in a later paragraph, include again the authors (with et al. if applicable), date, and
page number.
Integrating Research into Your Writing
Citing a quotation
and then continuing
with a paraphrase
from the same
source later in the
sentence
The professor’s study explained that “students who use active listening techniques to stay engaged in a class
lecture demonstrated better marks on exams” (Velasquez, 2011, p. 72); her report described the various
strategies that successful students use to mentally participate in the learning process (p. 81).
OR
Velasquez (2011) explained that “students who use active listening techniques to stay engaged in a class lecture
demonstrated better marks on exams” (p. 72); her report described the various strategies that successful
students use to mentally participate in the learning process (p. 81).
Citing a quotation
used at the start of a
sentence, and then
continuing with
your own
words/ideas/
comments
He found that the “results demonstrated that the first variable (persistence) had the most effect on the outcome
of an exam” (Twoyoungmen, 2010, p. 96), but the study lacked sufficient detail.
OR
Twoyoungmen (2010) found that the “results demonstrated that the first variable (persistence) had the most
effect on the outcome of an exam” (p. 96), but the study lacked sufficient detail.
5. 5
Creating Your Reference List (See the Sample References Page on page 6 of this handout.)
Start the references list on a separate page at the end of your paper [APA p. 37]
Include only those sources you have cited in your paper [APA p. 180]
Exceptions are personal communications, classical religious works such as the Bible or the Qur’an,
and classical works. These do not appear in the References list. [APA pp. 174, 178179]
Double-space the entire References list. Do not add an extra blank line after the title. [APA p. 180]
Position the first line of each reference flush left, with subsequent lines wrapping with a ½-inch (hanging) indent. [APA p. 180]
Organize the list in alphabetical order according to the first letter beginning each entry. Usually, the author’s last name
is the first piece of information in each entry. Use initials for the author’s first/middle names. [APA pp. 181183]
Explanation of References Listings: Pieces of the Puzzle
Accuracy is important! It helps the reader quickly find or get to a particular source of information.
For references, determine the combination of formatting from one or more examples on pages 710 that are the best fit.
For example, you might need to combine “one author edition stated” example (A2) with “book with 2 to 7 authors” (A3).
Work left to right through the sample reference(s) to reproduce formatting details.
Retrieval dates for website information are only required if material may be revised. For example, a website that is periodically
updated would require a retrieval date whereas a PDF document or newspaper article would not. [APA p. 192]
The Parts of a Reference (see more reference examples on pages 7-10)
Book, edition
is stated
McWhorter, K. (2010). Academic reading (7th
ed.). Boston, MA: Longman.
Journal
article
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13, 3-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1
Chapter in
an edited
book
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural education (pp.
75105).London, Canada: MacMillan.
Web page on
website, no
publication
date Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com/Mind_Maps.htm
year published
author book edition
publisher
place published
book title
volume
journal name
article title
author page range
year published
book title
chapter title
year published
chapter
authors
place published chapter page range
book editors
publisher
web page title
date retrieved
author website URL
no publication date - use n.d.
DOI
6. 6
Start your
reference list
on a new page
(no extra space
after title)
[APA p. 37]
Double-space
between lines
[APA p. 180]
Start each new
reference at
the left margin
[APA p. 180]
Put references
in alphabetical
order,
according to
the first letter
of the
reference
[APA pp. 181183]
Use a ½ inch
hanging indent
for subsequent
lines of a
reference
Include only
the sources
cited in your
paper
[APA pp. 178180]
Use publisher
name only:
MacMillan
Publishers Ltd.
[APA p.187]
Break website
URL before
punctuation
such as / or -
[APA p. 192]
References
Alberta Social Services and Community Health. (2005). Breaking the pattern: Understanding wife abuse. Edmonton,
Canada: Author.
Ancient tool makers discovered fire treatment. (2009, August 13). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www
.theglobeandmail.com/
Arnold, A. (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet invasion in perspective (Rev. ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/
Bennett, J. D., & Briggs, W. L. (n.d.). Statistical reasoning. In Scientific and mathematical literacy for the modern
world (2nd
Custom ed., pp. 69132). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Custom.
Brandt, F. (Producer), & Messina, P. F. (Director). (1995). Too smart for strangers [Motion picture]. Burbank, CA:
Walt Disney Home Video.
Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com/Mind_Maps.htm
Cell division. (2008). In E. Martin & R. Hine (Eds.), Dictionary of biology. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference
.com
Downing, L., Carter, J. C., & McManus, T. (2007). Students in our midst. Toronto, Canada: Doubleday.
Family Counselling Centre. (2003). Dealing with a delinquent student [Brochure]. Calgary, Canada: Author.
Fung, M. (2006, December 12). Asthma rates increasing. Winnipeg Free Press, pp. C4, C7C8.
How to study effectively – 8 concentration strategies. (2007). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from http://studenthacks
.org /2007/10/12/study-effectively/
Kallai, J., Makany, T., Csatho, A., Karadi, K., Horvath, D., Kovacs-Labadi, B., . . . Jacobs, J. W. (2007). Cognitive and
affective aspects of thigmotaxis strategy in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 2130. http://dx.doi.org
/10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.21
Klein, N. (2002). The new apartheid [Review of the book We are the poors: Community struggles in post-apartheid
South Africa, by A. Desai]. Nation, 275, 2528.
Lannon, J. M., & Klepp, D. (2008). Technical communication (4th
Canadian ed.). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education.
Lee, K. (2007). Online collaborative case study learning. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 37, 82100.
O’Brien-Pallas, L., Hiroz, J., Cook, A., & Mildon, B. (2005). Nurse-physician relationships: Solutions and
recommendations for change. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
Simpson, M. L., Stahl, N. A., & Francis, M. A. (2004). Reading and learning strategies: Recommendations for the 21st
century. Journal of Developmental Education, 28(2), 215, 32.
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural education (pp.
75-105). London, Canada: MacMillan.
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13,
317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1
TransCanada. (2006). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.transcanada.com/investor/annual_reports/2006
/media/pdf/TransCanada_2006_Annual_Report.pdf
Webber, S. (2007, July 11). Survey of plagiarism penalties [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://information-literacy
.blogspot.com/2007/07/this-was-published-last-month-tennant-p.html
7. 7
References Examples
A. Books
NOTE: Only the first word, the first word after a colon, and all proper nouns of book titles are capitalized.
A1 Book, 1 author, no edition
[APA p. 202]
Johnston, M. (2009). Perspective, persistence, and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
A2 Book, 1 author, edition
stated
[APA pp. 203, 205]
Lannon, J. M., & Klepp, D. (2008). Technical communication (4th
Canadian ed.). Toronto, Canada:
Pearson Education.
A3 Book with 2 to 7 authors,
not from U.S.
[APA p. 184]
Downing, L., Carter, J. C., & McManus, T. (2007). Students in our midst. Toronto, Canada: Doubleday.
NOTE: Country name replaces state abbreviation for non-U.S. publications.
A4 E-book of print book
retrieved from library
subscription database
[APA p. 203]
[Electronic Guide p. 17]
O’Brien-Pallas, L., Hiroz, J., Cook, A., & Mildon, B. (2005). Nurse-physician relationships: Solutions
and recommendations for change. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
A5 E-book retrieved from web
[APA p. 203]
Arnold, A. (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet invasion in perspective (Rev. ed.). Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/
B. Entries and Chapters in Edited Books (includes encyclopedia and dictionary entries)
NOTE: Book editor(s) as well as chapter/story/poem author(s) need to be credited.
B1 Chapter with known author
in an edited book
[APA p. 204]
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural
education (pp. 75105). London, Canada: MacMillan.
B2 Chapter with known author
from an edited book,
included in a course pack
[APA p. 204]
Jefferson, T. (2008). Masculinities and crimes. In D. E. King & J. A. Winterdyk (Eds.), Diversity issues
and the criminal justice system: Course readings for Applied Justice Studies (AJUS) 2231 (pp.
325347). Calgary, Canada: Mount Royal University. (Reprinted from The Oxford handbook
of criminology (2nd
ed.), pp. 535557, by M. Maguire, R. Morgan, & R. Reiner, Eds., 1997,
Oxford, England: Oxford University Press).
NOTE: In-text citations should include the original publication date as well as the course pack publication date.
Use the course pack page numbering if available. If the course pack does not have its own page numbers,
use the original page numbers of the chapter, i.e., (Jefferson, 1997/2008, p. 326).
B3 Entry/definition in print
encyclopedia, author
known
[APA p. 202]
Davidson, T. (2002). Common cold. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of medicine (2nd
ed.,
Vol. 2, pp. 869872). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
B4 Entry or definition in a web
encyclopedia, author
unknown
[APA p. 202]
Cell division. (2008). In E. Martin & R. Hine (Eds.), Dictionary of biology. Retrieved from
http://www.oxfordreference.com
NOTE: The title comes first when the author is unknown and is used for the in-text itatio , i.e., Cell Di isio ,
2008, para. 1.)
B5 Chapter in customized
textbook
[APA pp. 202203]
Bennett, J. D., & Briggs, W. L. (n.d.). Statistical reasoning. In Scientific and mathematical literacy for
the modern world (2nd
Custom ed., pp. 69132). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Custom.
8. 8
C. Articles: Journals and Periodicals (newspapers, magazines)
NOTE: Only the first word, the first word after a colon, and all proper nouns of article titles are capitalized, but all
major words in journal names are capitalized.
C1 Scholarly journal article,
1 author, from a
library database, with DOI
[APA p. 198; Electronic Guide p.12]
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13,
317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1
NOTE: A digital object identifier (DOI) should be included at the end of the reference (http://dx.doi.org/###).
C2 Scholarly journal article,
more than 7 authors, with
DOI: list first 6, then use
. . . , and list last author
[APA p. 198; Electronic Guide p.12]
Kallai, J., Makany, T., Csatho, A., Karadi, K., Horvath, D., Kovacs-Labadi, B., . . . Jacobs, J. W.
(2007). Cognitive and affective aspects of thigmotaxis strategy in humans. Behavioral
Neuroscience, 121, 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.21
C3 Scholarly journal article, up
to 7 authors, from a library
database, no DOI
[APA p. 199]
Simpson, M. L., Stahl, N. A., & Francis, M. A. (2004). Reading and learning strategies:
Recommendations for the 21st
century. Journal of Developmental Education, 28(2), 215.
NOTE: Italicize the journal name and volume number but not the issue number. However, articles may not have
an issue number; in that case, omit it.
C4 Scholarly article, 2
authors, found through web
search, not a library
database
[APA pp. 191192, 199]
Brown, C., & Austin, D. (2009). Fatty acids, breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder. E-journal of
Applied Psychology, 5(1), 4952. Retrieved from http://ojs/lib.swin.edu.au/
NOTE: Give the URL of the journal home page.
C5 Scholarly journal article,
1 author, paper-bound,
no DOI available
[APA p. 199]
Lee, K. (2007). Online collaborative case study learning. Journal of College Reading and
Learning, 37, 82100.
C6 Newspaper article, with
author, on multiple,
discontinuous pages, print
[APA p. 200]
Fung, M. (2006, December 12). Asthma rates increasing. Winnipeg Free Press, pp. C4, C7C8.
NOTE: Include the year, month, and date for periodicals.
C7 Newspaper article, with
author, on the web, not from
a library database
[APA pp. 200201; Electronic Guide p. 9]
Harris, M. (2011, August 16). Grades improve if classes start later, studies find. The Calgary Herald.
Retrieved from http://www.calgaryherald.com/
C8 Newspaper article, author
unknown, on the web, not
from a library database
[APA p. 200]
Ancient tool makers discovered fire treatment. (2009, August 13). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/
C9 Magazine article, with
author, print copy
[APA p. 200]
Singer, P. (2011, August). Visible man: Ethics in a world without secrets. Harper’s Magazine,
323(1935), 3136.
C10 Magazine article, with
author, web version
[APA p. 200]
Wells, P. (2009, July 28). Our universities can be smarter. Maclean’s, 122(29/30). Retrieved from
http://www2.macleans.ca
C11 Review of book, in a
magazine, from a library
database, no DOI
[APA p. 209]
Klein, N. (2002, December 16). The new apartheid [Review of the book We are the poor: Community
struggles in post-apartheid South Africa, by A. Desai]. Nation, 275(21), 2528.
9. 9
D. Websites (for articles found online, see C4)
NOTE: A website is a collection of one or more webpages. Use regular font for titles of webpages but use italics for
titles of websites and web documents.
D1 Webpage on website,
with author, no date
[APA pp. 192, 205206, FAQ]
Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com
/Mind_Maps.htm
D2 Webpage on website,
author unknown
[APA pp. 192, 205206, FAQ]
How to study effectively – 8 concentration strategies. (2007). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from
http://studenthacks.org/2007/10/12/study-effectively/
D3 Webpage on website,
group or corporate
author
[APA pp. 192, 205206, FAQ]
World Health Organization. (2010). The WHO agenda. Retrieved July 17, 2010, from http://www
.who.int/about/agenda/en/index.html
D4 Document on a website,
group or corporate author
[APA pp. 206, FAQ]
TransCanada. (2006). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.transcanada.com
/investor/annual_reports/2006/media/pdf/TransCanada_2006_Annual_Report.pdf
D5 Report by organization that
is part of a larger
organization, found on
website (larger entity listed 1st
)
[APA p. 205 #31, 206 #32]
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer
Institute. (2011). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 19752007, featuring
trends in brain cancer: Questions and answers. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov
/newscenter/qa/2011/ReportNation2011QandA
D6 Newsletter article, with
author, found online
[APA p. 200]
[Electronic Guide p. 14]
Lundquist, C. (2012, February). Recapping ICCB: New Zealand hosts historic congress for
conservation biology. Society for Conservation Biology Newsletter, 20(1). Retrieved from
http://www.conservationbiology.org/Publications/Newsletter/Archives/2012-2-February
/news2.cfm
D7 Blog post
[Electronic Guide p. 2]
Brackets [ ] used to describe
form of reference
[APA p. 186]
Webber, S. (2007, July 11). Survey of plagiarism penalties [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/2007/07/this-was-published-last-month-tennant
-p.html
D8 Twitter update or tweet
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 33]
Angelou, M. [DrMayaAngelou]. (2013, June 9). You can only become truly accomplished at something
you love [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/DrMayaAngelou/status
/343844424767389696/
NOTE: I lude oth the author’s real a e a d [s ree a e]. Use the s ree a e ithout [ ] if o real a e
is available.
D9 YouTube or video weblog,
author unknown
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 28]
SevereAvoidance. (2012, September 25). The official Grumpy Cat [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INscMGmhmX4
NOTE: Include both the real name and [screen name] of the person who posted the video as the author. Use the
screen name without [ ] if no real name is available.
10. 10
D10 TED Talk, author known
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 33]
Anholt, S. (2014, June 23). Which country does the most good for the world? Retrieved from www.ted
.com/talks/simon_anholt_which_country_does_the_most_good_for_the_world
NOTE: The author is the person(s) giving the TED talk. For the in-text citation when you are quoting the speech,
include the timestamp in place of a page number, e.g., The policy advisor stated that these go er ments
are cultural psychopaths A holt, , : .
E. Other Kinds of Information Sources
E1 Government report,
publisher is same as author,
paper-bound
[APA p. 205]
Alberta Social Services and Community Health. (2005). Breaking the pattern: Understanding wife
abuse. Edmonton, Canada: Author.
E2 Government report on a
website, with author
[APA p. 205]
Sosiak, A. (1999). Evaluation of recent trends in water quality in the Elbow River upstream from
Glenmore Reservoir. Retrieved from Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource
Development website: http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/5695.pdf
E3 Statistics Canada data
report (graph, table, chart)
on a website
[APA p. 211]
Statistics Canada. (2009). Workers who use an official language most often or regularly at work, by
province and territory, (2006 Census). Retrieved from http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01
/cst01/demo44a-eng.htm
E4 ERIC document with
Document Reproduction
Service number identified
[Electronic Guide p. 31]
Beswick, D. M., Chuprina, L., & Canipe, J. B. (2002). Investigating self-directed learning in
culture, learning styles and creativity. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED473804)
E5 Motion picture with
producer and director
identified
[APA p. 209]
Brandt, F. (Producer), & Messina, P. F. (Director). (1995). Too smart for strangers [Motion
picture]. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Home Video.
E6 Brochure, corporate author,
publisher is same as author
[APA p. 186]
Family Counselling Centre. (2003). Dealing with a delinquent student [Brochure]. Calgary, Canada:
Author.
E7 Class handouts or slides
(ppt) on course Blackboard
site
[APA pp. 205206]
Samuels, M. (2010). Midterm review points. Retrieved from Mount Royal University PSYC1105
Blackboard website: http://courseware.mymrc.ca/courses/1/PSYC-2200-081_Psychology
_200301/content/midterm_Review_Points.doc
E8 Lab manual
[APA p. 211]
Department of Chemistry. (2012, Fall). CHEM 0130 Basic Chemistry II laboratory manual. Calgary,
Canada: Mount Royal University.
E9 Legislation on a website
[APA p. 220]
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s. 318(1). (CANLII).
NOTE: The above example uses the Canadian Guide to Legal Citation (2010) in addition to APA. It is available in
the MRU library.
MRU’s Student Learning Services and Library compiled and revised this handout for 2014-2015. There are also subject-specific APA guides and APA
resources available online at the MRU Library Subject Guides and at
www.mtroyal.ca/AcademicSupport/ResourcesServices/StudentLearningServices/Cite_sources