King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, establishing Memphis as the capital city. During the Old Kingdom, Djaser commissioned the Step Pyramid, the first major stone structure, and Khufu oversaw construction of the massive Pyramids of Giza using over 20 million stone blocks over 20 years. The Book of the Dead contained religious texts to guide souls in the afterlife.

2. Old Kingdom
“Pyramid Age”
King Menes – unified Upper (culture) and
Lower (cobra) Egypt
Memphis – capital
Djaser – “Step Pyramid”
Imnotep – architect, priest, scribe and doctor
- first doctor by name

3. Khufu (Cheops) – “Pyramids of Giza”
Menkaure – Father
Kafre – son
*Pyramids of Giza – 20 million stone blocks
- 20 years in the making
Pepi II – pinakamahabang nanungkulan
bilang pharoah (2279-2219 BCE)
• “The Book of the Dead” contains
prayers, hymns, rituals, spells

4. Middle Kingdom
Amenemhet I – Thebes became the
capital of Egypt
Thebes – City of the dead
Amenemhet III – canal connecting the
Nile River at Red Sea
Hyksos – a scientific tribe from Israel which
conquered Egypt for 100 years
- “men of the desert”

5. New Kingdom
On the board !!