Ap microeconomics-visuals-unit2
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The document discusses key economic concepts including: 1) Determinants that can shift the demand and supply curves such as changes in income, tastes, prices of related goods, and production costs. 2) The relationship between elasticity of demand and the incidence of an excise tax, with more inelastic demand leading to more of the tax being passed to consumers. 3) How price ceilings and floors can lead to surpluses or shortages depending on where the controlled price is set relative to the market equilibrium.
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C:\Users\Rob\Desktop\Ap Microeconomics Visuals Unit2
The document discusses various microeconomics concepts including determinants of demand and supply, elasticity, equilibrium, and tax incidence. It provides visual explanations of how factors like tastes, income, and prices of substitutes and complements can shift the demand curve. It also outlines factors that shift the supply curve such as input prices, technology, taxes and subsidies. The document explains the relationship between elasticity of demand and how much of a tax is passed on to consumers.
Chap3pp
- Apple had sold over 100 million iPods and over 2 billion songs had been downloaded from iTunes by early 2007, showing the success of Apple's strategy of selling the iPod at a high price while selling music cheaply.
- However, it remains to be seen how long the iPod will maintain its dominance in the digital music player market.
- The document discusses concepts related to demand and supply, including demand curves, supply curves, market equilibrium, factors that shift demand and supply, and the effects of changes in demand and supply on equilibrium price and quantity.
Ap Microeconomics Visuals Unit2
The document discusses various microeconomics concepts including determinants of demand and supply, elasticity, equilibrium, and tax incidence. It provides visual explanations of how factors like tastes, income, and prices of substitutes and complements can shift the demand curve. It also outlines factors that shift the supply curve such as input prices, technology, taxes and subsidies. The document explains the relationship between elasticity of demand and how much of a tax is passed on to consumers.
UNIT 2 (1).pptx
Okay, here are the steps:
* Original quantity demanded (Q1) = 3000
* Original income (Y1) = Rs. 80,000
* New quantity demanded (Q2) = 3050
* New income (Y2) = Rs. 81,000
* % change in quantity = (Q2 - Q1)/Q1 * 100 = (3050 - 3000)/3000 * 100 = 1.67%
* % change in income = (Y2 - Y1)/Y1 * 100 = (81,000 - 80,000)/80,000 * 100 = 1.25%
* Income elasticity of demand (Ey) = % change in quantity / % change in income
1. demand
This document discusses the economic theory of demand. It begins by introducing the concept of demand and what determines demand for a product. Key determinants of demand include price, income, tastes and preferences. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown using demand schedules and demand curves. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand functions express this relationship mathematically. There are some exceptions to the law of demand. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in price and income. Price elasticity indicates whether demand is elastic, inelastic or unit elastic. Income elasticity also measures responsiveness but to changes in consumer income.
Demand
This document discusses the economic theory of demand. It begins by introducing the concept of demand and what determines demand for a product. Key determinants of demand include price, income, tastes and preferences. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown using demand schedules and demand curves. The law of demand states that quantity demanded is inversely related to price. Demand functions express this relationship mathematically. Exceptions to the law of demand and the differences between changes in demand versus changes along the demand curve are also explained. The document concludes by covering elasticity of demand, including price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity.
THEORY OF DEMAND
1) The document discusses the economic theory of demand, including what determines demand, the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and the factors that influence demand.
2) Key factors that determine demand include price, income, tastes and preferences, and prices of related goods. The quantity demanded at each price level is shown in a demand schedule and as a downward sloping demand curve.
3) According to the law of demand, quantity demanded increases when price decreases and decreases when price increases, assuming all other factors remain constant. Demand can shift due to changes in these other factors.
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C:\Users\Rob\Desktop\Ap Microeconomics Visuals Unit2
The document discusses various microeconomics concepts including determinants of demand and supply, elasticity, equilibrium, and tax incidence. It provides visual explanations of how factors like tastes, income, and prices of substitutes and complements can shift the demand curve. It also outlines factors that shift the supply curve such as input prices, technology, taxes and subsidies. The document explains the relationship between elasticity of demand and how much of a tax is passed on to consumers.
Chap3pp
- Apple had sold over 100 million iPods and over 2 billion songs had been downloaded from iTunes by early 2007, showing the success of Apple's strategy of selling the iPod at a high price while selling music cheaply.
- However, it remains to be seen how long the iPod will maintain its dominance in the digital music player market.
- The document discusses concepts related to demand and supply, including demand curves, supply curves, market equilibrium, factors that shift demand and supply, and the effects of changes in demand and supply on equilibrium price and quantity.
Ap Microeconomics Visuals Unit2
The document discusses various microeconomics concepts including determinants of demand and supply, elasticity, equilibrium, and tax incidence. It provides visual explanations of how factors like tastes, income, and prices of substitutes and complements can shift the demand curve. It also outlines factors that shift the supply curve such as input prices, technology, taxes and subsidies. The document explains the relationship between elasticity of demand and how much of a tax is passed on to consumers.
UNIT 2 (1).pptx
Okay, here are the steps:
* Original quantity demanded (Q1) = 3000
* Original income (Y1) = Rs. 80,000
* New quantity demanded (Q2) = 3050
* New income (Y2) = Rs. 81,000
* % change in quantity = (Q2 - Q1)/Q1 * 100 = (3050 - 3000)/3000 * 100 = 1.67%
* % change in income = (Y2 - Y1)/Y1 * 100 = (81,000 - 80,000)/80,000 * 100 = 1.25%
* Income elasticity of demand (Ey) = % change in quantity / % change in income
1. demand
This document discusses the economic theory of demand. It begins by introducing the concept of demand and what determines demand for a product. Key determinants of demand include price, income, tastes and preferences. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown using demand schedules and demand curves. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand functions express this relationship mathematically. There are some exceptions to the law of demand. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in price and income. Price elasticity indicates whether demand is elastic, inelastic or unit elastic. Income elasticity also measures responsiveness but to changes in consumer income.
Demand
This document discusses the economic theory of demand. It begins by introducing the concept of demand and what determines demand for a product. Key determinants of demand include price, income, tastes and preferences. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown using demand schedules and demand curves. The law of demand states that quantity demanded is inversely related to price. Demand functions express this relationship mathematically. Exceptions to the law of demand and the differences between changes in demand versus changes along the demand curve are also explained. The document concludes by covering elasticity of demand, including price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity.
THEORY OF DEMAND
1) The document discusses the economic theory of demand, including what determines demand, the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and the factors that influence demand.
2) Key factors that determine demand include price, income, tastes and preferences, and prices of related goods. The quantity demanded at each price level is shown in a demand schedule and as a downward sloping demand curve.
3) According to the law of demand, quantity demanded increases when price decreases and decreases when price increases, assuming all other factors remain constant. Demand can shift due to changes in these other factors.
Revenue Resilience in Water & Sewer Industry
Presentation slides for "Revenue Resilience in a Changing Industry: Water & Sewer Utility Needs," presented by Mary Tiger at Winter 2014 NCLGBA Conference on December 11, 2014.
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This document summarizes key concepts of demand and supply, including:
- Demand is the quantity of a good consumers will purchase at a given price, governed by the law of demand. Supply is the quantity produced at a given price, governed by the law of supply.
- Equilibrium occurs when quantity demanded equals quantity supplied at the equilibrium price.
- Factors like income, tastes, prices of substitutes/complements can shift the demand curve. Factors like technology, input prices, and number of producers can shift the supply curve.
- When price is above equilibrium, a surplus occurs. When price is below equilibrium, a shortage occurs bringing prices back to equilibrium.
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This document provides an overview of supply and demand concepts including:
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This document discusses demand theory, the demand curve, elasticity of demand, and energy subsidies from both national and international perspectives. It explains that demand theory relates consumer demand for goods to their prices in the market. The demand curve shows the inverse relationship between quantity demanded and price. Elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes. The document also outlines the objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of subsidies and their effects on markets.
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- Demand and supply schedules and curves which plot the relationship between price and quantity and intersect at the market equilibrium point.
- Factors that can cause a shift in the demand or supply curves such as changes in income, tastes, prices of substitutes/complements, technology, and production costs.
- How equilibrium shortages and surpluses occur when price is above or below the equilibrium point and how markets adjust back towards equilibrium.
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DEMAND & SUPPLY, Economic and Finance PPT
The demand for pizzas would triple at each price point. At a price of $4 per pizza, the original quantities were:
Demand (Qd) = 30 pizzas
Supply (Qs) = 10 pizzas
With demand tripling, the new quantities demanded would be:
New Demand (Qd) = 30 * 3 = 90 pizzas
Supply remains the same at 10 pizzas.
Since quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied, there would be a shortage of pizzas at the price of $4. This would cause the price to rise until supply and demand are equal again.
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The demand for pizzas would triple at each price point. At a price of $4 per pizza, the original quantities were:
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This chapter discusses corporate strategy and foreign direct investment. It covers the theory of the multinational corporation, including why firms engage in FDI and different types of market integration. The chapter also examines the strategy of the multinational enterprise depending on the firm's stage of development. Finally, it outlines the necessary elements for designing a global expansion strategy, such as selecting a mode of entry, adjusting the effectiveness of the entry mode, and estimating how long competitive advantages will last overseas.
97044413 international-financial-management-11
This document discusses considerations for multinational capital budgeting. It compares capital budgeting analyses from the perspective of a parent company versus a subsidiary and identifies factors that create differences in their cash flows, such as taxes, regulations on transferring funds, and exchange rate movements. The document also outlines inputs needed for multinational capital budgeting analyses and methods for assessing risk.
97044292 international-financial-management-6
This chapter discusses how multinational corporations (MNCs) can manage economic exposure and translation exposure from exchange rate fluctuations. Economic exposure refers to the impact of exchange rates on a firm's future cash flows. An MNC can assess its economic exposure under different exchange rate scenarios and then restructure operations like changing foreign sales, suppliers, or debt levels to balance exchange-rate-sensitive cash flows. Translation exposure results from translating subsidiary financials into the parent currency for reporting. While it does not directly affect cash flows, some firms hedge it using forward contracts to offset potential impact on reported earnings. Effective management of exposure requires long-term strategies rather than short-term fixes.
76345446 foreign-exchange-management-act
The document discusses the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) of India. It provides the following key details:
1. FEMA was passed in 1999 to replace the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act and make foreign exchange offenses civil offenses. It extends to all of India.
2. Unlike the previous act, FEMA took a more liberal approach by making everything permitted unless specifically prohibited, compared to prohibiting everything unless permitted.
3. The act gave the central government power to impose restrictions on foreign exchange transactions and the holding of foreign assets by Indian residents.
72653145 international-financial-management-1
This document provides an overview of international financial management. It discusses the globalized business environment and the financial challenges that managers face. Key topics covered include international financial markets, the goals and risks of multinational corporations, types of foreign exchange exposure, and important terms in international finance such as letters of credit, balance of payments, and authorized dealers. The document aims to introduce readers to the complex field of managing financial issues that arise in international trade and global business operations.
71521831 international-financial-management-3
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), international portfolio investment, and multinational capital budgeting. It provides reasons why firms invest abroad, how FDI flows occur, determinants of FDI volume, composition of FDI, direction of FDI flows, and processes for multinational capital budgeting. Key points include firms investing abroad for new markets, resources, and efficiencies; FDI occurring through exports, joint ventures, and acquisitions; volume of FDI depending on factors like profitability, infrastructure, and policies; composition including physical assets, intellectual property, and equity; and methods for evaluating foreign investment projects.
63983288 foreign-exchange-management-act
The document provides an overview of India's foreign exchange management policy and foreign trade scenario over the years. It discusses the evolution from strict controls under FERA to a more liberalized management system under FEMA. Foreign exchange reserves have increased substantially from $6 billion in 1991 to over $270 billion in 2007 due to large capital inflows. Exports and imports have both increased steadily over the years, with imports generally exceeding exports, leading to a trade deficit.
Chapter 20 IFM
This document discusses various mechanisms used by multinational corporations to transfer funds between subsidiaries to reduce taxes and take advantage of regulatory differences. It describes mechanisms like transfer pricing, where internal prices are adjusted to shift profits between high and low tax jurisdictions. Reinvoicing centers, where a center in a low tax nation handles invoicing to gain currency and tax advantages, are also discussed. The document provides examples and details of these various intercompany fund transfer mechanisms used by multinational financial systems.
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Ap microeconomics-visuals-unit2
- 1. Determinants of Demand FACTORS THAT SHIFT THE DEMAND CURVE • Change in consumer tastes • Change in the number of buyers • Change in consumer incomes • Change in the prices of complementary and substitute goods • Change in consumer expectations AP Microeconomics Visual
- 2. Tax Incidence and Elasticity of Demand The more inelastic the demand for a good, the more the incidence of an excise tax can be shifted to the consumer. AP Microeconomics Visual 2.10
- 3. A Price Ceiling AP Microeconomics Visual 2.11
- 4. A Price Floor AP Microeconomics Visual 2.12
- 5. Changes in Supply and Quantity Supplied AP Microeconomics Visual
- 6. Determinants of Supply FACTORS THAT SHIFT THE SUPPLY CURVE • Change in resource prices or input prices • Change in technology • Change in taxes and subsidies • Change in the prices of other goods • Change in producer expectations • Change in the number of suppliers • Any factor that increases the cost of production decreases supply. • Any factor that decreases the cost of production increases supply. AP Microeconomics Visual
- 8. Shifts in Demand and Supply AP Microeconomics Visual
- 9. Qualities That Affect Elasticity of Demand AP Microeconomics Visual
- 10. Elasticity Coefficients AP Microeconomics Visual
- 11. Summarizing Price Elasticity of Demand AP Microeconomics Visual
- 12. Tax Incidence and Elasticity of Demand AP Microeconomics Visual