1. The document describes early human history from the Stone Age to the rise of early civilizations. It discusses key developments like the agricultural revolution and domestication of plants and animals.
2. Early civilizations arose in places like Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt where favorable environmental conditions like rivers supported agriculture and larger settlements.
3. In Mesopotamia, the world's first cities developed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 3500 BCE. Early rulers like Sargon and laws like Hammurabi's Code helped establish social order.
The cradle of civilization is a term referring to locations where, according to current archaeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.
Current thinking is that there was no single "cradle", but several civilizations that developed independently; with the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia and Egypt, understood to be the earliest.
2) As mentioned in the text book Bentley and Ziegler 108; The Pa.docxeugeniadean34240
2) As mentioned in the text book "Bentley and Ziegler 108"; The Paleolithic period by far the longest portion of the human experience on earth as is the period historians and archaeologists call the Paleolithic era, which means the “Old Stone Age”. The Paleolithic period extended from the first tool-using hominids until about twelve thousand years ago. By reading the text book "Bentley and Ziegler 108"; I came to understanding their economic and their social lifestyle. There are not prove of written records of their lifestyle; but they survive by hunting and gathering items, according to the evidence that Archaeologists have excavated. Theses individual did not own private property. Men moved place to place during hunting season for search of prey that provides a substantial amount of meat so they could feed their family, friends, and others whom they cared about. In the Paleolithic lifestyle, plant foods were essential to survive, but meat was highly item in their diet. Paleolithic hunting was a complicated venture, but they clearly demonstrated the capacity of human intelligence, they showed the ability to make complicated plans and sophisticated language/communications skills- so they can exploit the environment. The Paleolithic period ended when some of the more powerful hunters founded settlements in rich areas, and abandoned the nomadic lifestyle, they established permanent settlements. To my understanding the Paleolithic period stated to Africa in general, the one who moved to rich areas and refused to go back are the ones that created the culture of Neandertal people in Middle Eastern, Europe, and South West Asia as the intelligent progress (technology) of the Neolithic era advanced. To compare the Paleolithic era and Neolithic era, both eras are similar to me economically; they survived by hunting and gathering. As pointed in book of "B and Z 108"; Neolithic eras mean a new stone age as opposed to the old stone age of Paleolithic times. Neolithic era can be defined as the time of arising agriculture; agriculture became the way of life, people stopped nomad hunting and gardening. I can point the significant steps humans made but to stay on the main topic; the development of tools and new technology are extensive. The historians estimated that before agriculture, about 10,000 B.C.E, the earth’s human population was roughly four million. By 5000 B.C.E, agriculture appeared in a few of the world’s regions "B and Z 108" source from page 10 to 17. In 2012, the population was estimated to be around seven billion.
EXSAMPLEWhen you state that the two eras are similiar economically is it just base on hunting and gathering? My interpretation from the reading is that the Neothithic actually settled down and built more of an agriculture society where gathering was lessen because they started to grow their own crops. Based on the region and resource that was settled, the limitation of what can be grown built up to the trade developement to acqu.
The cradle of civilization is a term referring to locations where, according to current archaeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.
Current thinking is that there was no single "cradle", but several civilizations that developed independently; with the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia and Egypt, understood to be the earliest.
2) As mentioned in the text book Bentley and Ziegler 108; The Pa.docxeugeniadean34240
2) As mentioned in the text book "Bentley and Ziegler 108"; The Paleolithic period by far the longest portion of the human experience on earth as is the period historians and archaeologists call the Paleolithic era, which means the “Old Stone Age”. The Paleolithic period extended from the first tool-using hominids until about twelve thousand years ago. By reading the text book "Bentley and Ziegler 108"; I came to understanding their economic and their social lifestyle. There are not prove of written records of their lifestyle; but they survive by hunting and gathering items, according to the evidence that Archaeologists have excavated. Theses individual did not own private property. Men moved place to place during hunting season for search of prey that provides a substantial amount of meat so they could feed their family, friends, and others whom they cared about. In the Paleolithic lifestyle, plant foods were essential to survive, but meat was highly item in their diet. Paleolithic hunting was a complicated venture, but they clearly demonstrated the capacity of human intelligence, they showed the ability to make complicated plans and sophisticated language/communications skills- so they can exploit the environment. The Paleolithic period ended when some of the more powerful hunters founded settlements in rich areas, and abandoned the nomadic lifestyle, they established permanent settlements. To my understanding the Paleolithic period stated to Africa in general, the one who moved to rich areas and refused to go back are the ones that created the culture of Neandertal people in Middle Eastern, Europe, and South West Asia as the intelligent progress (technology) of the Neolithic era advanced. To compare the Paleolithic era and Neolithic era, both eras are similar to me economically; they survived by hunting and gathering. As pointed in book of "B and Z 108"; Neolithic eras mean a new stone age as opposed to the old stone age of Paleolithic times. Neolithic era can be defined as the time of arising agriculture; agriculture became the way of life, people stopped nomad hunting and gardening. I can point the significant steps humans made but to stay on the main topic; the development of tools and new technology are extensive. The historians estimated that before agriculture, about 10,000 B.C.E, the earth’s human population was roughly four million. By 5000 B.C.E, agriculture appeared in a few of the world’s regions "B and Z 108" source from page 10 to 17. In 2012, the population was estimated to be around seven billion.
EXSAMPLEWhen you state that the two eras are similiar economically is it just base on hunting and gathering? My interpretation from the reading is that the Neothithic actually settled down and built more of an agriculture society where gathering was lessen because they started to grow their own crops. Based on the region and resource that was settled, the limitation of what can be grown built up to the trade developement to acqu.
Chapter 1 Before HistoryPre-human hominids are universally de.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Before History
Pre-human hominids are universally deemed as the ancestors of the human race. Their occurrence is dated to be four to five million years ago, while the human race itself emerged nearly too hundred thousand years ago. Over the years, it has been keenly noted that humans share specific DNA composition with other primates. It is only a slight difference in the genetic makeup and body chemistry that makes humans have more intelligence than these other species, making them more adaptable to their environment and therefore give them a greater ability to control the natural world. This intelligence has seen the humans have greater potential for advanced and sophisticated social-cultural abilities that other species cannot measure up to. These unique and advanced abilities possessed by humans include well devised tools, technologies cooperation and communication skills.
The Paleolithic society, which is commonly known as the Old Stone Age is the longest era in the history of the human race on the planet. It is majorly characterized with hunting and gathering. It existed long before ancient agriculture emerged, and therefore it lived on looking for edible stuff from the wild life, both edible fruits and animal, hence their hunting and gathering lifestyle. Theirs was a completely liberal life, as there was nobody’s possession ever. No wealth, no private property. One very outstanding characteristic of this early man is the ability to communicate. There was a well-structured and powerful language that enabled them to communicate very important messages. For this reason, it was possible to pass information and knowledge to the next generation. The new generations would thus improve the knowledge and as it accumulated over the years, humans were able to give a good take on the various aspect of life they live. One common link between generation and creativity is the early cave paintings. This ability to communicate abstractly is the major skill that humans have banked on in realizing their present control over the natural world.
The Neolithic or the New Stone Age era proceeded the Paleolithic. It marks the transition from the hunting and gathering lifestyle of the Old Stone Age into a more civilized agricultural society. Human in this era lived in distinct communities which domesticated animals and grew crops. This is cited to have been taking place at around 9000 B.C.E. They lived together and their population grew over time. Unlike in the Old Stone Age, there was the aspect of ownership of property, hence personal wealth. The ownership of land was the major one, and it dictated the owner’s economic and political power. There were hierarchies of authority in aspects such as religion and government, a clear indication of an organized and civilized society. Just like the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age gave interest in fertility as an important feature of their religion.
Later, within a period of four thousand years, the agricul ...
The cause of ww1 happened 1914 this was after the the asssasination of Arc...CharlesMatu2
while Africa and Asian countries had a good raw mterials that would be a supply link which saw the european allies improve there defense millitary power in this rivarly of nations towards ww1
Chapter 1 Before HistoryPre-human hominids are universally de.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Before History
Pre-human hominids are universally deemed as the ancestors of the human race. Their occurrence is dated to be four to five million years ago, while the human race itself emerged nearly too hundred thousand years ago. Over the years, it has been keenly noted that humans share specific DNA composition with other primates. It is only a slight difference in the genetic makeup and body chemistry that makes humans have more intelligence than these other species, making them more adaptable to their environment and therefore give them a greater ability to control the natural world. This intelligence has seen the humans have greater potential for advanced and sophisticated social-cultural abilities that other species cannot measure up to. These unique and advanced abilities possessed by humans include well devised tools, technologies cooperation and communication skills.
The Paleolithic society, which is commonly known as the Old Stone Age is the longest era in the history of the human race on the planet. It is majorly characterized with hunting and gathering. It existed long before ancient agriculture emerged, and therefore it lived on looking for edible stuff from the wild life, both edible fruits and animal, hence their hunting and gathering lifestyle. Theirs was a completely liberal life, as there was nobody’s possession ever. No wealth, no private property. One very outstanding characteristic of this early man is the ability to communicate. There was a well-structured and powerful language that enabled them to communicate very important messages. For this reason, it was possible to pass information and knowledge to the next generation. The new generations would thus improve the knowledge and as it accumulated over the years, humans were able to give a good take on the various aspect of life they live. One common link between generation and creativity is the early cave paintings. This ability to communicate abstractly is the major skill that humans have banked on in realizing their present control over the natural world.
The Neolithic or the New Stone Age era proceeded the Paleolithic. It marks the transition from the hunting and gathering lifestyle of the Old Stone Age into a more civilized agricultural society. Human in this era lived in distinct communities which domesticated animals and grew crops. This is cited to have been taking place at around 9000 B.C.E. They lived together and their population grew over time. Unlike in the Old Stone Age, there was the aspect of ownership of property, hence personal wealth. The ownership of land was the major one, and it dictated the owner’s economic and political power. There were hierarchies of authority in aspects such as religion and government, a clear indication of an organized and civilized society. Just like the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age gave interest in fertility as an important feature of their religion.
Later, within a period of four thousand years, the agricul ...
The cause of ww1 happened 1914 this was after the the asssasination of Arc...CharlesMatu2
while Africa and Asian countries had a good raw mterials that would be a supply link which saw the european allies improve there defense millitary power in this rivarly of nations towards ww1
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
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𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
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"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
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Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
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2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
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Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
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AP Ch 1.ppt
1. Chapter 1 From the Origins
of Agriculture to the first
Early River Valley
Civilizations
2. Before Civilization
Stone Age- 2 million to 4 thousand years ago
Stone age is subdivided into the Paleolithic
age (old stone age to 10,000 years ago) and
the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
Stone tools are developed in the Paleolithic
Age
3. Chauvet Cave
On December 18, 1994, this cave in southern France was discovered by Jean-
Marie Chauvet, a French official. It contains the oldest and best preserved
prehistoric cave paintings; more than three hundred paintings were found of
animals that inhabited the Stone Age world, including panthers, cave bears,
and mammoths. This black-painted panel in the Chauvet Cave shows horses,
rhinoceroses, and wild oxen. (Jean Clottes/Ministere de la Culture)
5. The Agricultural Revolutions
The first stage of the long process of
domestication of plants was semicultivation
pg. 8
The next stage was the use of fire
The transition to agriculture took place first
and is best documented in the Middle East
The environments in which agriculture
developed dictated the choice of crops
6. Domestication of animals proceeded at the same
time as domestication of plants
As with plants, domestication of animals occurred
independently in various parts of the world
Helocene Period 9000 B.C.E. - when most historians
agree that a global warming made people transition
from hunter gathering lifestyles to agricultural or
pastoralist lifestyles.
This change took place most likely due to a reduction
in the supply of game and wild food plants
The agricultural revolution increased population from
10 million in 5000 B.C.E to between 50 and 100
million in 1000 B.C.E
7. Centers of Plant and Animal Domestication
Many different parts of the world made original contributions to domestication
during the agricultural revolutions that began about 10,000 years ago. Later
interactions helped spread these domesticated animals and plants to new
locations. In lands less suitable for crop cultivation, pastoralism and hunting
predominated. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)
8. Life in Neolithic Communities
Early
food-
producing
societies
used
megaliths
Pg 12
9. Early Towns and Specialists
Most people in early food-producing societies
lived in villages
Larger Towns would also develop in Neolithic
times
The two best-known examples of the remains
of Neolithic towns are at Jericho and Çatal
Hüyük.
Jericho, on the west bank of the Jordan River,
was a walled town with mud-brick structures
and dates back to 8000 B.C.E.
11. Catal Huyuk
Çatal Hüyük, in central
Anatolia, dates to
7000–5000 b.c.e.
Çatal Hüyük was a
center for the trade in
obsidian.
12. Catal Huyuk
The art of Çatal Hüyük reflects a continued
fascination with hunting, but the remains indicate
that agriculture was the mainstay of the economy.
17. Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area
alongside and between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
little rainfall
warm climate and good soil.
The earliest people of Mesopotamia were the
Sumerians Approx. 5000 B.C.E
18. A Sumerian cuneiform tablet from the city of
Lagash, 2112-2004 B.C., from the Ur III period.
This tablet contains calculations of the area of
fields for the town of Lagash.
19. Early Mesopotamian society was a society of villages
and cities linked together in a system of mutual
interdependence
City States Developed
Larger Territorial states would develop
Akkadian state founded by Sargon of Akkad in 2350
B.C.E
Ur from 2112-2004 B.C.E
“Old Babylonian” state founded by Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s Code- The first great laws of early
Mesopotamian society
25. Mesopotamian Society
Kings, Priests controlled wealth
Three Classes of people
1. Free landowning people
2. Dependent farmers and artisans
3. Slaves (Prisoners of War)
27. Development of agriculture brought about a
decline in the status of women
Men did the value-producing work of plowing
and irrigation
Women had no political role
They could own property, control their dowry,
and engage in trade.
Women’s social status would continue to
decline with the rise of urban merchant class
32. The Land of Egypt: “Gift of the Nile”
The land of Egypt is defined by the Nile River,
the narrow green strip of arable land on either
side of its banks, and the fertile Nile delta
area.
The rest of the country is barren desert, the
unfriendly “Red Land” that contrasted with the
“Black Land,” which was home to the vast
majority of the Egyptian population
33. Egypt was traditionally
divided into two areas:
Upper Egypt, along the
southern part of the Nile
as far south as the First
Cataract, and Lower
Egypt, the northern
delta area.
The climate was good
for agriculture, but with
little or no rainfall,
farmers had to depend
on the river for
irrigation.
34. The Nile floods regularly and at the right time
of year, leaving a rich and easily worked
deposit of silt.
Egyptian agriculture depended upon the
floods, and crops could be adversely affected
if the floods were too high or not high enough.
Generally speaking, however, the floods were
regular, and this inspired the Egyptians to
view the universe as a regular and orderly
place.
36. Egypt’s other natural resources included
reeds (such as papyrus for writing), wild
animals, birds and fish, plentiful building
stone and clay, and access to copper and
turquoise from the desert and gold from
Nubia.
37. Divine Kingship
Egypt’s political organization evolved from a
pattern of small states ruled by local kings to
the emergence of a large, unified Egyptian
state around 3100 b.c.e.
Historians organize Egyptian history into a
series of thirty dynasties falling into three
longer periods: the Old, Middle, and New
Kingdoms. These three periods were divided
by periods of political fragmentation and
chaos.
38. Kings known as pharaohs dominated the
Egyptian state.
The pharaohs were regarded as gods come
to earth to ensure the welfare and prosperity
of the people.
The death of a pharaoh was thought to be the
beginning of his journey back to the land of
the gods.
Funeral rites and proper preservation of the
body were therefore of tremendous
importance.
39. Early pharaohs were buried in flat-topped
rectangular tombs.
Stepped pyramid tombs appeared about
2630 b.c.e. and smooth-sided pyramids a bit
later.