Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) attached to biologically active drugs (cytotoxic payloads) by chemical linkers with labile bonds. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/antibody-drug-conjugate-adc.htm
A Brief Introduction of Antibody Drug Conjugate
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) attached to biologically active drugs (cytotoxic payload) by chemical linkers with labile bonds.
This document provides an introduction and overview of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotoxins for cancer treatment. It discusses the goals of improving selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapies. ADCs and immunotoxins aim to deliver cytotoxic drugs or toxins selectively to tumor cells by linking them to monoclonal antibodies that target tumor-associated antigens. The document summarizes current clinical development of ADCs and immunotoxins, describes common protein toxins used in immunotoxins, and highlights considerations for selecting tumor targets and designing effective targeted delivery constructs.
This slide is a briefly introduction of antibody-drug conjugate. All my introduction includes the general introduction, structure of ADC, action mechanism of ADC, toxicity risk of ADC, it's development trend, and what we can provide with you.
BsAbs are artificial antibodies that have defined specificities and can bind to two different antigens or epitopes. They have been proven to be effective as therapeutic agents and widely researched in scientific or clinical purpose.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/bispecific-antibody-production.htm
mAb can be applied as cytotoxic moieties or drug delivery carriers when conjugated to payload including radioactive molecules, cytotoxic small molecules and cellular components of the immune system.
https://www.creativebiolabs.net/nanocarriers.htm
Fc-mediated mechanisms complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is considered to be particularly important for successful therapeutic intervention.
https://www.creativebiolabs.net/cdc-enhanced-antibody_77.htm
The basic knowledge of Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
In this powerpoint, Creative Biolabs will describe basic knowledge of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC), which includes in definition and mechanism of ADC, and its features and future development direction. We hope this video can help you understand what is ADC and what its application. If you have any question, welcome to cantact us at info@creative-biolabs.com.
A Brief Introduction of Antibody Drug Conjugate
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) attached to biologically active drugs (cytotoxic payload) by chemical linkers with labile bonds.
This document provides an introduction and overview of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotoxins for cancer treatment. It discusses the goals of improving selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapies. ADCs and immunotoxins aim to deliver cytotoxic drugs or toxins selectively to tumor cells by linking them to monoclonal antibodies that target tumor-associated antigens. The document summarizes current clinical development of ADCs and immunotoxins, describes common protein toxins used in immunotoxins, and highlights considerations for selecting tumor targets and designing effective targeted delivery constructs.
This slide is a briefly introduction of antibody-drug conjugate. All my introduction includes the general introduction, structure of ADC, action mechanism of ADC, toxicity risk of ADC, it's development trend, and what we can provide with you.
BsAbs are artificial antibodies that have defined specificities and can bind to two different antigens or epitopes. They have been proven to be effective as therapeutic agents and widely researched in scientific or clinical purpose.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/bispecific-antibody-production.htm
mAb can be applied as cytotoxic moieties or drug delivery carriers when conjugated to payload including radioactive molecules, cytotoxic small molecules and cellular components of the immune system.
https://www.creativebiolabs.net/nanocarriers.htm
Fc-mediated mechanisms complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is considered to be particularly important for successful therapeutic intervention.
https://www.creativebiolabs.net/cdc-enhanced-antibody_77.htm
The basic knowledge of Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
In this powerpoint, Creative Biolabs will describe basic knowledge of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC), which includes in definition and mechanism of ADC, and its features and future development direction. We hope this video can help you understand what is ADC and what its application. If you have any question, welcome to cantact us at info@creative-biolabs.com.
Global antibody-drug-conjugate-adc-clinical-trial-reviewEchoHan4
As innovative next-generation immunotherapeutic agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being developed worldwide as a major strategy to combat cancer and other immunological disorders. With the combination of a monoclonal antibody and extremely toxic chemical payloads, these biomacromolecule “warheads” are by far one of the most powerful weapons in the immunotherapy arsenal, bearing the hope as “the beginning of the end” to the battle against cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/druglnk-custom-synthesis.htm
With the combination of a monoclonal antibody and extremely toxic chemical payloads, these biomacromolecule “warheads” are by far one of the most powerful weapons in the immunotherapy arsenal, bearing the hope as “the beginning of the end” to the battle against cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/platform.htm
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of targeted cancer drugs composed of an antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug via a stable linker. ADCs selectively deliver potent chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells that express the antigen targeted by the antibody. Site-specific conjugation is preferred over chemical conjugation as it decreases heterogeneity and improves consistency between batches. While ADCs show promise for more effective cancer treatment with fewer side effects, some issues around antigen selection, drug release, and characterization remain to be resolved.
Introduction to cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies. Understanding monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy, manipulation of immune system to induce apoptosis on cancerous cells. Some monoclonal antibodies and their immunological mechanisms. Types of monoclonal antibodies. Riruximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab....mode of actions
The document discusses cancer immunotherapy, specifically monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines. It provides details on how monoclonal antibodies can be "naked" or conjugated to drugs/toxins to target specific antigens on cancer cells. Cancer vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to reject tumors either by immunizing against viruses linked to cancer or by using cancer cells/antigens. Non-specific therapies like cytokines are also discussed as a way to generally boost immune response against tumors.
this slide contain information about antibody mediated anti-cancer therapy like antibody drug conjugates (ADC), Bispecific monoclonal antibody, Immuno-checkpoint therapy, biomarkers, mechanism of action of all 3 therapies, approved drugs of each category
Monoclonal antibodies have potential as anti-cancer therapies by specifically targeting tumor cells. They can induce apoptosis through several mechanisms, including antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, or delivering cytotoxic agents directly to tumors. Challenges include insufficient drug delivery to solid tumors and heterogeneous antigen expression limiting targeted cells. New strategies involve using monoclonal antibodies to activate enzymes that convert locally administered pro-drugs into anti-tumor agents at the tumor site. The first approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody Rituximab treats B-cell lymphomas with high response rates. Future research aims to optimize combinations with chemotherapy and determine best candidates.
Antibody drug conjugates current status and future perspectivesPranav Sopory
ADC are an emerging class of new anti-cancer agents.
They are the future of oncological management.
Discussed here are their past, present and probable future.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells, such as antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, and delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The mechanism and applications of the monoclonal antibody Rituximab for lymphoma are discussed. In conclusion, the document notes the potential for optimizing monoclonal antibody combinations with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells through antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, or delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The monoclonal antibody Rituximab is discussed as the first FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody for cancer.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells, such as antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, and delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The monoclonal antibody Rituximab is discussed as the first FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody for cancer.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are identical antibodies produced from a single clone that recognize a specific antigen. They have several benefits over conventional chemotherapy for cancer treatment, including homogeneity, specificity, and higher efficacy. mAbs can directly induce cancer cell death or be modified to deliver toxins, radioisotopes, or cytokines to cancer cells. Common mechanisms of action include making cancer cells more visible to the immune system, blocking growth signals, stopping new blood vessel formation, and delivering radiation to cancer cells. Examples of FDA-approved mAb drugs and the cancers they treat are provided.
A Comprehensive Guide to ADC Payload Classes.pdfDoriaFang
ADC payloads are critical components of the ADC structure, and their selection and design are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are identical antibodies produced from a single clone that recognize a specific antigen. They have several benefits over conventional chemotherapy for cancer treatment, including homogeneity, specificity, and fewer side effects. mAbs can directly induce cancer cell death or be modified to deliver toxins, radioisotopes, or cytokines to cancer cells. However, limitations remain including low uptake by tumors and high production costs.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. It begins by introducing monoclonal antibodies and their benefits over conventional chemotherapy, including homogeneity, specificity, fewer side effects, and the ability to be tagged with other compounds. It then describes naked monoclonal antibodies that work alone and conjugated monoclonal antibodies that are joined to chemotherapy drugs or radioactive particles. Several FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies for different cancer types are listed. The mechanisms of action of rituximab, trastuzumab emtansine, and other monoclonal antibodies are described. Current clinical trials and limitations of monoclonal antibody therapy are also summarized.
Monoclonal Antibodies As Therapeutic Agents In Oncology Anddrmisbah83
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer and antibody gene therapy. It describes how monoclonal antibodies work to target cancer cells, lists some common monoclonal antibody drugs approved for cancer treatment, and discusses potential side effects. It also introduces the concept of using antibody gene therapy as a new strategy for cancer treatment by delivering antibody genes directly to tumors using vectors like adenovirus or mesenchymal stem cells.
This document discusses targeted cancer therapies, which work by interfering with specific molecular targets involved in cancer growth and progression, unlike traditional chemotherapy which acts on all rapidly dividing cells. It provides examples of molecular targets for small molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies, including growth factor receptors and fusion proteins. The document also discusses methods of target identification, categories of targeted therapies, examples of FDA-approved targeted drugs, limitations and side effects of targeted therapies, and concludes by emphasizing the importance and promise of targeted therapies while noting challenges that remain.
Monoclonal antibodies can be used in cancer therapy in several ways:
1) They can bind to cancer cell antigens and recruit the immune system to attack the cancer cells or block growth signaling pathways.
2) They can be conjugated to toxins, enzymes, or radioisotopes to directly kill cancer cells after binding.
3) By inhibiting immune checkpoint proteins like CTLA-4 and PD-1, they can enhance the immune system's antitumor response.
4) Examples of monoclonal antibodies used in cancer include rituximab for blood cancers, trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab.
Maytansinoids as Payloads of ADCs DM1, DM4.pdfDoriaFang
ADCs with maytansine derivatives as cytotoxic agents have been highly favored by researchers and a series of breakthroughs have been achieved. DM1, DM4 are maytansinoids as ADC payloads.
Recently, the development of molecular biotechnology allows modifications of viral genomes genetically and optimizes the transformation of available viruses with weak pathogenicity. These methods are used to enhance the oncolytic effect and reduce adverse reactions to maximize both efficacy and safety. Indeed, the oncolytic virus can stimulate a pro-inflammatory tumor environment by enhancing antigen recognition and robust immune responses. It overcomes the immune evasiveness and escape of malignant cells to eliminate the tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/definition-of-an-oncolytic-virus.htm
An oncolytic virus is a form of promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of malignant tumors, which uses viruses to selectively infect and kill tumor cells and further to induce or boost specific antitumor immunity. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/definition-of-an-oncolytic-virus.htm
Global antibody-drug-conjugate-adc-clinical-trial-reviewEchoHan4
As innovative next-generation immunotherapeutic agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being developed worldwide as a major strategy to combat cancer and other immunological disorders. With the combination of a monoclonal antibody and extremely toxic chemical payloads, these biomacromolecule “warheads” are by far one of the most powerful weapons in the immunotherapy arsenal, bearing the hope as “the beginning of the end” to the battle against cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/druglnk-custom-synthesis.htm
With the combination of a monoclonal antibody and extremely toxic chemical payloads, these biomacromolecule “warheads” are by far one of the most powerful weapons in the immunotherapy arsenal, bearing the hope as “the beginning of the end” to the battle against cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/platform.htm
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of targeted cancer drugs composed of an antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug via a stable linker. ADCs selectively deliver potent chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells that express the antigen targeted by the antibody. Site-specific conjugation is preferred over chemical conjugation as it decreases heterogeneity and improves consistency between batches. While ADCs show promise for more effective cancer treatment with fewer side effects, some issues around antigen selection, drug release, and characterization remain to be resolved.
Introduction to cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies. Understanding monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy, manipulation of immune system to induce apoptosis on cancerous cells. Some monoclonal antibodies and their immunological mechanisms. Types of monoclonal antibodies. Riruximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab....mode of actions
The document discusses cancer immunotherapy, specifically monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines. It provides details on how monoclonal antibodies can be "naked" or conjugated to drugs/toxins to target specific antigens on cancer cells. Cancer vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to reject tumors either by immunizing against viruses linked to cancer or by using cancer cells/antigens. Non-specific therapies like cytokines are also discussed as a way to generally boost immune response against tumors.
this slide contain information about antibody mediated anti-cancer therapy like antibody drug conjugates (ADC), Bispecific monoclonal antibody, Immuno-checkpoint therapy, biomarkers, mechanism of action of all 3 therapies, approved drugs of each category
Monoclonal antibodies have potential as anti-cancer therapies by specifically targeting tumor cells. They can induce apoptosis through several mechanisms, including antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, or delivering cytotoxic agents directly to tumors. Challenges include insufficient drug delivery to solid tumors and heterogeneous antigen expression limiting targeted cells. New strategies involve using monoclonal antibodies to activate enzymes that convert locally administered pro-drugs into anti-tumor agents at the tumor site. The first approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody Rituximab treats B-cell lymphomas with high response rates. Future research aims to optimize combinations with chemotherapy and determine best candidates.
Antibody drug conjugates current status and future perspectivesPranav Sopory
ADC are an emerging class of new anti-cancer agents.
They are the future of oncological management.
Discussed here are their past, present and probable future.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells, such as antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, and delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The mechanism and applications of the monoclonal antibody Rituximab for lymphoma are discussed. In conclusion, the document notes the potential for optimizing monoclonal antibody combinations with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells through antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, or delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The monoclonal antibody Rituximab is discussed as the first FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody for cancer.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. It provides background on conventional chemotherapy and highlights limitations. It then covers the history and development of monoclonal antibodies, including their production and mechanisms of targeting cancer cells, such as antigen cross-linking, activating death receptors, and delivering cytotoxic agents. Specific examples of toxin-immunoconjugates and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are described. The monoclonal antibody Rituximab is discussed as the first FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody for cancer.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are identical antibodies produced from a single clone that recognize a specific antigen. They have several benefits over conventional chemotherapy for cancer treatment, including homogeneity, specificity, and higher efficacy. mAbs can directly induce cancer cell death or be modified to deliver toxins, radioisotopes, or cytokines to cancer cells. Common mechanisms of action include making cancer cells more visible to the immune system, blocking growth signals, stopping new blood vessel formation, and delivering radiation to cancer cells. Examples of FDA-approved mAb drugs and the cancers they treat are provided.
A Comprehensive Guide to ADC Payload Classes.pdfDoriaFang
ADC payloads are critical components of the ADC structure, and their selection and design are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are identical antibodies produced from a single clone that recognize a specific antigen. They have several benefits over conventional chemotherapy for cancer treatment, including homogeneity, specificity, and fewer side effects. mAbs can directly induce cancer cell death or be modified to deliver toxins, radioisotopes, or cytokines to cancer cells. However, limitations remain including low uptake by tumors and high production costs.
This document discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. It begins by introducing monoclonal antibodies and their benefits over conventional chemotherapy, including homogeneity, specificity, fewer side effects, and the ability to be tagged with other compounds. It then describes naked monoclonal antibodies that work alone and conjugated monoclonal antibodies that are joined to chemotherapy drugs or radioactive particles. Several FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies for different cancer types are listed. The mechanisms of action of rituximab, trastuzumab emtansine, and other monoclonal antibodies are described. Current clinical trials and limitations of monoclonal antibody therapy are also summarized.
Monoclonal Antibodies As Therapeutic Agents In Oncology Anddrmisbah83
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer and antibody gene therapy. It describes how monoclonal antibodies work to target cancer cells, lists some common monoclonal antibody drugs approved for cancer treatment, and discusses potential side effects. It also introduces the concept of using antibody gene therapy as a new strategy for cancer treatment by delivering antibody genes directly to tumors using vectors like adenovirus or mesenchymal stem cells.
This document discusses targeted cancer therapies, which work by interfering with specific molecular targets involved in cancer growth and progression, unlike traditional chemotherapy which acts on all rapidly dividing cells. It provides examples of molecular targets for small molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies, including growth factor receptors and fusion proteins. The document also discusses methods of target identification, categories of targeted therapies, examples of FDA-approved targeted drugs, limitations and side effects of targeted therapies, and concludes by emphasizing the importance and promise of targeted therapies while noting challenges that remain.
Monoclonal antibodies can be used in cancer therapy in several ways:
1) They can bind to cancer cell antigens and recruit the immune system to attack the cancer cells or block growth signaling pathways.
2) They can be conjugated to toxins, enzymes, or radioisotopes to directly kill cancer cells after binding.
3) By inhibiting immune checkpoint proteins like CTLA-4 and PD-1, they can enhance the immune system's antitumor response.
4) Examples of monoclonal antibodies used in cancer include rituximab for blood cancers, trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab.
Maytansinoids as Payloads of ADCs DM1, DM4.pdfDoriaFang
ADCs with maytansine derivatives as cytotoxic agents have been highly favored by researchers and a series of breakthroughs have been achieved. DM1, DM4 are maytansinoids as ADC payloads.
Recently, the development of molecular biotechnology allows modifications of viral genomes genetically and optimizes the transformation of available viruses with weak pathogenicity. These methods are used to enhance the oncolytic effect and reduce adverse reactions to maximize both efficacy and safety. Indeed, the oncolytic virus can stimulate a pro-inflammatory tumor environment by enhancing antigen recognition and robust immune responses. It overcomes the immune evasiveness and escape of malignant cells to eliminate the tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/definition-of-an-oncolytic-virus.htm
An oncolytic virus is a form of promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of malignant tumors, which uses viruses to selectively infect and kill tumor cells and further to induce or boost specific antitumor immunity. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/definition-of-an-oncolytic-virus.htm
Oncolytic viruses encoding reporter genes utilized for in vivo molecular imaging are useful to locate the distribution of oncolytic viruses in pre-clinical tests. Optical detection methods mainly include green fluorescent protein (GFP), enhanced GFP (eGFP), discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsRed), and bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which utilizes luciferases. Reporter-encoding oncolytic viruses, including vaccinia virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, allow accurate tracking of gene expression, tumor metastases, viral infection as well as assessment of gene therapy.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/category-reporter-encoding-oncolytic-virus-293.htm
Vaccinia virus can accommodate more than 30 kb of foreign DNA. Foreign genes can be stably integrated into the viral genome, resulting in efficient and long-term gene expression. The deletion of the viral genes of thymidine kinase (TK) and vaccinia growth factors (VGF) results in enhanced tumor-selectively and antitumor activity, and reduced virus virulence. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/category-pre-made-oncolytic-vaccinia-virus-291.htm
Oncolytic viruses are a class of antitumor agents that selectively kill tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large, enveloped virus that is considered as the most potential live biotherapeutic agent because of its strong oncolytic efficacy and potent antigen presentation capability that can combine well with its natural oncolytic activities for cancer immunotherapy. Many types of modified vaccinia virus have been used for in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/category-pre-made-oncolytic-vaccinia-virus-291.htm
Partial deletion of the HSV gene results in superior packaging capacity of >30 kb foreign DNA with low toxicity as an expression vector. Multiple modified purified oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) products can avoid evading the host immune response and reduce toxicity by gene knock-out, such as ICP0, ICP4, ICP22, ICP27 or ICP47.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/category-pre-made-oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus-290.htm
Oncolytic viruses are using for the treatment of cancer due to the specific antitumor activity in tumor cells. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a human neurogenic dsDNA virus that has the characteristic of life-long latent infection of neurons and allows for long-term transgene expression.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/category-pre-made-oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus-290.htm
Oncolytic viruses have the potential to powerfully and selectively kill cancer cells and have shown impressive efficacy in preclinical and clinical settings. However, their potential can be restricted by inefficient delivery into the complex tumor environment. Thus, the efficient delivery of oncolytic viruses remains a significant challenge in the field of oncology, limiting their therapeutic effect. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/approaches-to-delivery-of-oncolytic-viruses.htm
Numerous viruses are being developed pre-clinically and clinically. An investigation of all registered clinical trials in 2017 demonstrates 78 interventional trials regarding OVs. This ability for near-universal therapeutic impact in cancer makes OVs a popular therapeutic tool. Today, both preclinical and early-stage clinical trials are intensively investigating the approach to improve oncolytic virotherapy.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/applications-of-oncolytic-viruses-in-cancer-treatment.htm
To fully optimize oncolytic virotherapy and provide meaningful mechanistic insight, it is important to have representative animal models of oncolysis in various tumor types. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/animal-models-for-oncolytic-virus-study.htm
Abciximab (also known as abcixifiban or c7E3 Fab), is the Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine, monoclonal antibody 7E3. It is composed of murine variable regions and human constant regions.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/abciximab-overview.htm
Abagovomab is a murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (MW: 165-175 kDa), produced by a mouse hybridoma and generated against OC125, which serves to functionally imitate the human cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). https://www.creativebiolabs.net/abagovomab-overview.htm
Wnt comprises a diverse family of secreted lipid-modified signaling glycoproteins that are 350-400 amino acids in length. Wnt is an acronym in the field of genetics that stands for 'Wingless/Integrated'.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/wnt-signaling-pathway.htm
TNF works through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is the major signal receptor of TNF-α. TNFR2, which mediates limited biological responses, binds to TNF-α and TNF-β. TNF signaling transduction through TNFR1 and TNFR2 can induce a variety of cellular responses, which depends on many factors, including the metabolic state of the cell and the adaptor proteins present in the cell.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/tnf-signaling-pathway.htm
Innate immune receptors, also known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), have been identified in the serum, on the cell surface, in endosomes, and in the cytoplasm. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the particularly important groups of PRRs.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/tlr-signal-pathway.htm
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that participates in both physiological and pathological processes.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/tgf-beta-signaling-pathway.htm
T-cell receptor (TCR) is a heterodimers composed of α and β peptide chains. TCR is mainly responsible for recognizing the antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC).https://www.creativebiolabs.net/tcr-signal-pathway.htm
Ras, which is a low-molecular-weight GDP/GTP-binding guanine triphosphatase, is the prototypical member of the Ras superfamily of proteins. https://www.creativebiolabs.net/ras-signaling-pathway.htm
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors, which are responsible for regulating gene expression.https://www.creativebiolabs.net/ppar-signaling-pathway.htm
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is one of the important signal transduction pathways in cells. It is involved in regulating cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival, transcription and protein synthesis by affecting the activation of downstream effector molecules. https://www.creativebiolabs.net/pi3k-akt-signaling-pathway.htm
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path