Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) allow drivers to maintain steering control during hard braking by preventing wheel lockup. ABS uses sensors to monitor wheel speed and a computer to rapidly modulate brake pressure to each wheel individually. This helps keep the wheels rolling to maximize steering control during an emergency stop. ABS systems have become standard on most modern vehicles to improve safety during braking.
With ABS system, the driver can brake hard, take the evasive action and still be in control of the vehicle in any road condition at any speed and under any load.
Jump N-Carry JNCAIR 1700 Jump Starter User ManualTim Miller
This is the user manual of Jump N-Carry JNCAIR 1700 Jump Starter.
>> READ MORE: https://www.obdadvisor.com/jump-starter-with-air-compressor/
Here is a detailed review of the best jump starters based on my own experience, including:
- Compatibility
- Features and Functions
- Pros and Cons
Check it out to get the REVIEW and some NOTES about using the tool.
Toyota Dashboard Warning Lights: Symbols And Meanings
>> READ MORE: https://www.obdadvisor.com/toyota-dashboard-symbols-and-meanings/
This article will show you the full symbols and meanings of the dashboard warning lights on your Toyota.
Check it out to EASILY NAVIGATE with our search box to find out their meanings and WHAT YOU SHOULD DO when they come up.
With ABS system, the driver can brake hard, take the evasive action and still be in control of the vehicle in any road condition at any speed and under any load.
Jump N-Carry JNCAIR 1700 Jump Starter User ManualTim Miller
This is the user manual of Jump N-Carry JNCAIR 1700 Jump Starter.
>> READ MORE: https://www.obdadvisor.com/jump-starter-with-air-compressor/
Here is a detailed review of the best jump starters based on my own experience, including:
- Compatibility
- Features and Functions
- Pros and Cons
Check it out to get the REVIEW and some NOTES about using the tool.
Toyota Dashboard Warning Lights: Symbols And Meanings
>> READ MORE: https://www.obdadvisor.com/toyota-dashboard-symbols-and-meanings/
This article will show you the full symbols and meanings of the dashboard warning lights on your Toyota.
Check it out to EASILY NAVIGATE with our search box to find out their meanings and WHAT YOU SHOULD DO when they come up.
This ppt describes about the working of ABS and components, advantages and a short video clip explain clearly about the ABS. There also the be comparison for the car with ABS and without ABS in form of short GIF.
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)?
History of ABS
Motivation for ABS Development
Principles for ABS Operation
ABS Components
Subaru Impreza ABS Application.
How does ABS work?
Anti-Lock Brake Types
ABS Configurations
Design Challenges
Advantages & Disadvantages
ABS Problems
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
2. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
ABS, (Anti-Lock brake system)
ABS allows the driver to maintain steering
control of the vehicle while in hard braking
situations .
3. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Computerized ABS is
designed to keep the
wheels from locking
as the brakes are
applied.
A locked wheel
provides very little or
no directional control.
4. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
The following slides show the common
ABS components.
Some components are part of both the
conventional and ABS system.
10. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
When operating a vehicle with ABS never
pump the brakes.
Doing so will make the ABS system
ineffective.
Always apply firm pressure.
11. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Drivers may experience a pulsation in the
brake pedal, or pedal kick back during an
ABS stop. This is normal and not to be
confused with a conventional brake pedal
pulsation
13. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Major components of the anti-lock brake
system consist of a
Brake control module,
Solenoid valve assembly,
Speed sensor's
Wiring, and the amber ABS brake warning
light.
14. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Brake Control Module:
The brake control module is a compute
that receives information from the speed
sensor and compares it to the speed of
other wheels.
When one wheel is approaching lock-up
pressure can be vented allowing the wheel
nearing lock-up to speed up.
15. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
If a wheel is to fast pressure can be
increased to slow down the wheel.
If both wheel are approximately the same
speed the brake control module can enter
a pressure hold mode of operation.
16. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Solenoid Valve Assembly:
Is a pair of valves that can:
A. Increase pressure
B. Hold pressure steady
C. Decrease pressure
17. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
During pressure increase
mode of operation fluid is
allowed to flow through
both solenoids to the brake
caliper
Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
solenoid
Brake line under pressure
Brake fluid line not under pressure
18. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
During Pressure Hold
mode of operation both
solenoids are closed and
no additional fluid is
allowed to flow to brake
calipers.
Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
19. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
During Pressure Vent mode
the pressure increase solenoid
is closed. The Vent solenoid
opens allowing fluid to vent into
an accumulator chamber
Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
20. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
ABS system can maintain extremely high
static pressure and must be disabled
before attempting repairs.
Normally pumping brake 20-30 times will
release pressure.
22. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
An integrated system has the master
cylinder and control valve assembly made
together.
A nonintegrated has the master cylinder
and control valve assembly made
separate.
23. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
ABS operates using the same hydraulic
principal as conventional brakes.
ABS system only operates when wheel
lock-up is emanate.
A bussing noise and bakes pedal vibration
is normal during ABS operation.
24. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
To determine if wheel
lock-up is about to
occur vehicles a
wheel speed sensor.
25. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
There 3 ABS
configurations
1. channel normally
RWAL (rear wheel
anti-lock)
In a one channel
RWAL system the rear
wheels are controlled
together
28. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
1 channel ABS system controls the rear
wheel together.
A 1 channel system only has 1 speed
sensor and control valve assembly.
29. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
A three (3) channel ABS system control
the rear wheel together and the front
independently.
Three channel ABS system have 3 speed
sensor and one (1) control module
30. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Wheel Slippage, is the wheel speed in
relation to vehicle speed.
If vehicle speed is faster than the wheel
speed slippage is negative. And the wheel
may become lock-up
31. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
If vehicle speed is slower than wheel
speed. Wheel slippage is positive.
Positive wheel slippage occurs when a
wheel is spinning.
NOTE: Late model vehicles use the same
ABS components with traction control.
Traction control prevent a vehicle from
spinning out of control.
32. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
The best braking action occurs at between
10-20%.
If vehicle speed and wheel speed is the
same wheel slippage is 0%
A lock-up wheel will have a wheel slippage
of 100%
33. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
In a diagonally split
system brake system
the left front and
right rear brakes are
controlled together.
Diagonally split
systems offer an
added safety value.
Master
Cylinder
34. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
When diagnosing an ABS concern always
1. Talk with customer/ owner, to deterring if the ABS
at fault or a basic brake system concern
2. Always check the basic brake system 1st.
3. Check for proper tire size
4. Check for damage sensor and reluctor rings.
5. Check brake light operation
6. Check for diagnostic trouble codes
35. ABS QUIZ
1. Technician A says, That ABS works
only in a panic situation. Technician B
says ABS works when wheel lock-up is
determine. Who is correct?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only
C. Neither A nor B D. Both A and B
36. ABS QUIZ
2. Technician A says a lock-up wheel
provides no directional control.
Technician B says a lock-up wheel
provides a shorter stopping distance. Who
is correct?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only
C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
37. ABS QUIZ
3. What component is used to determine
vehicle speed?
A. Throttle position sensor
B. Mass air flow meter
C. Oxygen sensor
D. Wheel speed sensor
38. ABS QUIZ
4. Technician A says when operating a
vehicle with ABS brakes you should pump
the brake. Technician B says to hold firm
when applying brakes. Who is correct?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only
C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
39. ABS QUIZ
5. What type brake fluid should never be
used with an ABS system?
A. DOT 3
B. DOT 4
C. DOT 5
D. All the above can be used
40. ABS QUIZ
6. Best braking action occurs at what
percentage of wheel slip?
A. 1 to 5 percent
B. 10-20 percent
C. 30-40 percent
D. above 40 percent
41. ABS QUIZ
7. A buzzing noise can be heard when the
brakes are applied during a panic stop.
What is likely cause.
A. Bad wheel bearing
B. Bad wheel speed sensor
C. Warped brake rotor
D. Normal operation.
42. ABS QUIZ
8. A signal channel ABS system operates
the:
A. Front brakes together
B. Right front and left rear brakes togeather
C. The rear together
D. None of the above
43. ABS QUIZ
9. In a diagonally split brake system the
right front and left rear wheels are:
A. Controlled separately
B. Controlled independently
C. Controlled together.
D. Not controlled
44. ABS QUIZ
10. Technician A says, when diagnosing an
ABS system you should check the basic brakes
system 1st
. Technician B says, you should talk
with customer to determine if problem is an ABS
concern. Who is correct?
A. Technician A only C. Both A and B
B. Technician B only D. Neither A nor B