Anthelmintic drugs.pptx
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The document discusses anthelmintic drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections. It outlines the mechanisms of action and uses of common anthelmintics including mebendazole, albendazole, and praziquantel. Mebendazole and albendazole act by inhibiting microtubule synthesis and glucose uptake in parasites. Praziquantel causes leakage of intracellular calcium in worms, leading to paralysis. The drugs treat specific parasitic infections like ascariasis, pinworm, and hookworm diseases.
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Anthelmintic
This document provides information on various anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and side effects of common anthelmintics including mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoate, piperazine, diethyl carbamazine citrate, and ivermectin. The document aims to educate on the treatment of helminth infections through different anthelmintic drug options.
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This document provides information on various anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and side effects of common anthelmintics including mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoate, piperazine, diethyl carbamazine citrate, and ivermectin. The document aims to educate on the treatment of helminth infections through different anthelmintic drug options.
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This document discusses various anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It describes the classes of anthelmintics including benzimidazoles (e.g. mebendazole), imidazothiazoles (e.g. thiabendazole), avermectins (e.g. ivermectin), and praziquantel. It outlines their mechanisms of action, side effects, and uses in treating specific helminth infections like ascariasis, hookworm, and echinococcosis.
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This document summarizes anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminthiasis. It discusses the major classes of anthelmintics including benzimidazoles (albendazole, mebendazole), piperazines (piperazine citrate), ivermectin, and praziquantel. For each drug, it outlines the mechanism of action, clinical uses, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, and adverse effects. The document provides an overview of the most common helminth infections (roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms, flukes) and highlights the anthelmintics recommended for treating different parasitic infections.
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According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
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Development of resistance has not been a problem in the clinical use of Anthelmintic.
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This document summarizes information about various alkyl halides. It discusses the chemical structures, properties and uses of ethyl chloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, dichloromethane and iodoform. Many of these compounds are or were used as solvents, refrigerants, degreasers, paint strippers, dry cleaning fluids and disinfectants due to their volatility and ability to dissolve organic materials.
Structure and Uses of different carboxylic acids.pptx
This document discusses the structures and uses of various carboxylic acids, including acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate, methyl salicylate, and acetyl salicylic acid. It outlines key industrial, medical, and household applications for each acid such as use in food/beverage production, pharmaceuticals, cleaning products, and agriculture.
Chemical Reactions of Alkenes.pptx
Alkenes undergo general chemical reactions and their stability depends on the number of substituents. More substituted alkenes are more stable than less substituted ones due to a phenomenon called hyperconjugation. They also have a lower heat of hydrogenation. The stability of alkenes increases with more substituents.
Chemical reactions of alkanes.pptx
The document summarizes the chemical reaction of chlorination of alkanes. It describes the reaction as a chain reaction, where (1) chlorine radicals are produced from chlorine molecules through homolytic fission initiated by heat or light. (2) The chlorine radicals react with methane to form methyl radicals and HCl molecules. (3) The methyl radicals react with chlorine molecules to form methyl chloride and new chlorine radicals. This sequence propagates the chain reaction until (4)-(6) termination steps form stable products and end the reaction.
Hybridisatoion and Method of Preparation of alkanes.ppt
Alkanes are the simplest organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen. They form single covalent bonds and have no functional groups. Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms. Methane (CH4) is the first member and ethane (C2H6) is the second. Alkanes have sp3 hybridization giving them a tetrahedral molecular geometry. One method to prepare alkanes is through hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes which involves passing a mixture of the unsaturated hydrocarbon and hydrogen over nickel at high temperatures.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-2.pptx
1. Here are the steps to name the molecule:
1) Identify the functional group (carbonyl group) which gives the compound the name of a ketone.
2) Name the parent chain (hexane) which contains the carbonyl group.
3) Number the parent chain starting from the end that gives the carbonyl carbon the lowest number.
4) Include the position of the carbonyl group as a prefix.
The IUPAC name is therefore: 3-hexanone
2. (a) 3-ethyloctane
(b) 1,4-dibromohexane
(c) 2,3,4-trimethylheptane
(d)
Classification, Nomenclature of Organic Compounds.pptx
This document provides information on the classification, nomenclature, and isomerism of organic compounds. It discusses how organic compounds are classified based on their structure as acyclic, cyclic, aromatic, etc. It also describes the IUPAC system for systematically naming organic compounds based on functional groups and molecular structure. Key points covered include naming conventions for alkanes, alkenes, alkyl halides, and other compound classes.
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Electrocardiogram_20240614_173859_0000.pdf
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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Title: Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and Balance
Introduction:
Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
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Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
Join us as we unlock the wonders of the special senses and gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms that allow us to experience the richness of our environment.
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How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
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Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
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Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
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Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Faridkot ℂ𝕒𝕝𝕝 𝔾𝕚𝕣𝕝𝕤 7742996321 ℂ𝕒𝕝𝕝 𝔾𝕚𝕣𝕝𝕤 Faridkot
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Luxury Massage Experience at Affordable Rate - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Luxury Massage Experience at Affordable Rate - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
Anthelmintic drugs.pptx
- 1. Anthelmintic Drugs By Dr. Nidhi Gupta MM College of Pharmacy, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala
- 6. MOA of Mebandazole & Aldendazole 1. It acts by inhibiting microtubules synthesis. It binds with parasite b-tubulin and inhibits its polymerization. 2. It blocks the glucose uptake in parasite and depletes its glycogen stores. MOA of Praziquantel 1. It is taken up by the susceptible worm and causes leakage of intracellular calcium, thereby leading to the paralysis and loss off intestinal mucosal grip….. expelled.
- 7. Uses- Mebandazole- (namatodes)-Ascariasis (round worm), pinworm diseases, hookworm infection. Albendazole- Ascariasis (round worm), pinworm diseases, hookworm infection and pin worm. Diethyl carbamazine- filariasis Praziquantel- (trematodes) Niclosamide- (cestodes)
- 8. Synthesis of Diethyl carbamazine