The document discusses small loop antennas, also known as magnetic dipole antennas. It provides details on:
1) The vector magnetic potential, current density, and electric and magnetic fields generated by a small loop antenna. The fields are similar to those of a Hertzian dipole.
2) Key parameters of small loop antennas including power density, directivity, total radiated power, and radiation resistance. Increasing the diameter or using a ferrite core can increase the antenna's efficiency.
3) Practical examples of small loop antennas including a precision VLF antenna coil and an AM/LW loopstick antenna for tuning between 100 kHz to 1710 kHz when used with a variable capacitor.
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
Frequency-independent (FI) antennas are radiating structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance and pattern characteristics over multiple-decade bandwidths. Their finite size limits the lowest frequency of operation, and the finite precision of the center region bounds the highest frequency of operation.
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
Frequency-independent (FI) antennas are radiating structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance and pattern characteristics over multiple-decade bandwidths. Their finite size limits the lowest frequency of operation, and the finite precision of the center region bounds the highest frequency of operation.
Approaches were applied to miniaturize two different types of antennas for applications at UHF, without losing performance when losing physical volume.
This ppt describes the ways of designing a fractal antenna , it's limitations and advantages over normal antennas and the applications associated with it.(brief view)...
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
Approaches were applied to miniaturize two different types of antennas for applications at UHF, without losing performance when losing physical volume.
This ppt describes the ways of designing a fractal antenna , it's limitations and advantages over normal antennas and the applications associated with it.(brief view)...
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Antennas-p-3.ppt
1. Antennas
Part 3
• Small Loop Antenna
– Vector Magnetic Potential
– Current in a Loop
– Electric and Magnetic Fields
– Antenna Characteristics
2. Vector Magnetic Potential
Ref: C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley, 2005.
Volume Source
Surface Source
Line Source
3. Small Loop Antenna
A small loop of current located in the x-y plane
centered at the origin is shown. Such a small loop is
known as a small loop antenna or sometimes a
magnetic dipole.
s
Id I ad
a
4
do
j R
o s
os
do
I a e
d
R
A a
We assume the loop is electrically small, or a << , and Aos is found in the far-field.
2
1 sin
4
j r
o s
os
I S
j r e
r
A a
Solving the integral remains quite complicated, involving a pair of series expansions
and some dexterous coordinate transformations
2
S 4 r
where
Step 1: Current Density
Step 2: Vector Magnetic Potential
4. Small Loop Antenna
sin
4
j r
o s
os
o
I S
e
r
H a sin
4
j r
o s
os
I S
e
r
E a
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
, sin
32
,
o o
o
I S
r
r
r
P a
The power density vector is then
2 2 2 2 2
max 2 2
,
32
o o
o
I S
P
r
where
Step 3: Electric and Magnetic Fields
The magnetic field is given by
o o
s s
B A .
os o os
r
E a H
The electric field is given by
Step 4: Antenna Parameters
Power Density: Antenna Pattern Solid Angle:
8
3
p
max
4
1.5
p
D
Directivity:
The normalized power function is the
same as for the Hertzian dipole
5. Total Radiated Power and Radiation Resistance :
Small Loop Antenna
2
3 2
2
4
3
o o
rad
I S
P
2
4
2
320
rad
S
R
The fields for the small loop antenna are very similar to that of a Hertzian
dipole. Since it is the dual for the Hertzian (electric) dipole, the small loop
antenna is often called a magnetic dipole.
The magnetic dipole equations are also valid for a multiturn loop, so long as
the loops remain small compared to wavelength. For an N-loop coil, S = Na2
in the above equations. The loops are not required to be circular. To use the
equations for a square coil of N loops, each of side length b, S = Nb2.
Increasing the diameter of the loop antenna results in an increase in the
radiation resistance, and hence the efficiency. Wrapping the loops around a
ferrite core (i.e. a ferrite-loop antenna) is a way of concentrating magnetic flux
in the loops and making them appear larger. This is a common approach for
constructing compact receiving antennas for AM radio.
6.
7. Small Loop Antenna
A precision VLF antenna coil. Operates from 1 KHz to 60 KHz. External
capacitors allow tuning. If you add an 0.1 uF capacitor it will tune 13 KHz. If a
0.3 uF capacitor is used then the coil will tune 8 KHz. Will work down to 1000
Hz as a general audio pickup coil. Can hear tweeks. If your receiver can pull
in tweeks loudly with this unit, then you've got a very good receiver! Will go
lower if you add more turns. A nice 3.89 inch ferrite rod wound with 139 wire
turns and a small capacitor prewired to the coil, upper frequency limit is 60
KHz unless you clip the onboard capacitor.
Part No Length Thickness Inductance Q Number of Turns Price
VLC139 3.89 in 0.35 inch 1.5 mH 110 139 $ 6.95
http://www.stormwise.com/page27.htm
Practical Example
8. This AM / LW loopstick antenna is for tuning between
100 KHz - 1710 KHz. When used with our AM variable
capacitor, above, this AM core will the full AM band
and down to about 310 KHz. This tuning range is with
the coil centered as in the photo.
Specifications:
Size: 3.5 inches long by 0.25 inches diameter.
Coil inductance value (centered on rod) is: 788 uH.
Permeability value: Est.125.
Description:
The unit contains two coils. One coil (the green and
red) are the smaller coil. The black and the white are
the longer coil. The coils are isolated from each other,
but can be connected make one continuous coil
having a tap. The above tuning results were tested
only with the white and black wires used (the larger
coil side).
The red and green wires are isolated from larger
section and can be used to couple an outdoor long-
wire antenna.
A very useful part!
AM-LW BAR-1 is $ 4.95 each + s/h.
ships US MAIL ONLY. ADD $ 4.00 s/h.
Practical Example
Small Loop Antenna
http://www.stormwise.com/page27.htm
9. This precision brand-new Air Variable Capacitor has a
range of 15 pF to 384 pF.
This capacitor is useful for receiver and antenna
tuning in the longwave, AM, and shortwave bands
from
50 KHz to 10 MHz.
Most capacitors of this type go from 20 pF to 365 pF.
Our unit will go up to 384 pF. This gives you a little
extra room to center the band or tune just slightly
lower.
Use this capacitor to tune your ferrite rod antenna.
Peak up the signal to your longwave radio by many S-
units with this low loss capacitor! Improve your
reception with the sensitivity that only an Air Variable
Capacitor can provide!
Air Variable Capacitors offer sharp, narrow-band
tuning. Get an Air Variable Capacitor to get the highest
"Q" factor in your antenna!
Size (inches): 1.38 inches wide by
1.31 inches deep by 1.19 high.
Built-in frame ground lug for easy
connection. 50V rms max.
Stormwise Part # AMVC384 is $ 18.00 each + $ 8.00 s/h.