Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docxkenjordan97598
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
way we divide up an animal's energy budget. Maintenance energy is what
keeps an animal alive on a day-to-day basis. Productive e.
AnswerPrimates often have social intelligence that is essential f.pdftemperaturejeans
Answer:
Primates often have social intelligence that is essential for securing food, and gain competition
over predators and reproduction along with hierarchy. In these aspects, primates such as humans
and Chimps for example possess properties such as self-awareness, deception and cooperation.
These adaptive purposive behavior is depend on brain size with neocortex ratio. Tactical
deception is completely learning outcomes of the individuals what they have learned from
previous experiences. However, Chimpanzees are not direct common ancestors of humans
eventhough they share common features with humans. For example, humans possess various
tactical behaviors for predation and for their survival in the habitat and in society compared to
other primates. Sometimes primates perform intentional deception by manipulating other primate
belief has and desires. Self-awareness is another goal directed and purposive behavior exhibited
by primates but do not have any awareness for other intentions or beliefs. For example in case of
humans, often they save and secure their food after predation for the future use.
Evolutionary order:
Ape-->Pan, the chimpanzees-----> Australopithecus genus-------> Homo habilis and Homo
neanderthalensis ---->Genus ---> Homo -----> species ----------> sapiens
Taxonomical order:
Kingdom-------> Animalia; Phylum---> Chordata; Class----->Mammalia; Subclass----> Theria
Infraclass------> Placentalia; Order -----> Primates---> Family -----> Hominidae -----> Subfamily
-------> Homininae; Initial tribe------> Hominini--à modern human----> species
Ardipithecus ramidus is 4.4 million years ago and it has locomotor organs with bipedal property.
It possesses a grasping hallux along with big toe and these features are predominantly
adaptations for locomotion in the trees. Their habitat is near to forest including lakes, swamps
and springs associated woodlands and grasslands. Biological and ecological adaptations include
a better reproductive ability to sustain their race. They possess archaic features to lead their life
along with predation.
They possess hard skeleton and possess reduced canine teeth. They usually communicated with
Afar language. The brain size is smaller compared to apes and chimps and its size is about 300
and 350 cm3. The sexual dimorphism is mainly can be identified by the presence of upper canine
teeth and males prominently possess larger and sharp upper teeth compared to females.
They developed structural adaptations as per their requirement with the habitat as they are
socially communicative, cultural adaptations, behavioral adaptations and hunting adaptations.
These adaptations are crucial to selection pressure by the environment. Habitat on the earth
including land that is suitable for the growth and survival of the Hominid species as they were
perfectly showed adaptations to their environment by producing stronger teeth that made them
sustained to the climate throughout the dry season.
DNA sequencing is the method .
Episode 5(3): Where and how we started our path to now - Meetup session 18William Hall
This is the 18th of 23 presentations in a series introducing and outlining my hypertext book project, "Application Holy Wars or a New Reformation - A Fugue on the Theory of Knowledge". The project explores the interactions of technology and cognition in the extraordinary evolutionary history of the human species.
This session explores the origins of the hominin lineage. Our ancestors were the unfortunate apes who were stranded on the African savanna when climate change destroyed the primeval forests of their Garden of Eden. Our capuchin monkey cousins in the thorn scrubs of Brazil are currently facing similar circumstances.
Like hominins, it seems that some capuchins are becoming more bipedal when they need to cross treeless scrub lands or to carry heavy objects. Some capuchin groups have even developed food processing industries!
This session reviews some of the comparative evidence showing how tool-using apes (and monkeys) can adapt with technological solutions when climatic change turns their forests into dry thorn forests and savannas and forces them to work for their livings.
● Our ancestors were probably the first primates to successfully transmit large amounts of knowledge culturally.
The steps from scavenging meat on the savanna from carnivores to becoming the top carnivore of Africa and then the world are traced.
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docxkenjordan97598
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
way we divide up an animal's energy budget. Maintenance energy is what
keeps an animal alive on a day-to-day basis. Productive e.
AnswerPrimates often have social intelligence that is essential f.pdftemperaturejeans
Answer:
Primates often have social intelligence that is essential for securing food, and gain competition
over predators and reproduction along with hierarchy. In these aspects, primates such as humans
and Chimps for example possess properties such as self-awareness, deception and cooperation.
These adaptive purposive behavior is depend on brain size with neocortex ratio. Tactical
deception is completely learning outcomes of the individuals what they have learned from
previous experiences. However, Chimpanzees are not direct common ancestors of humans
eventhough they share common features with humans. For example, humans possess various
tactical behaviors for predation and for their survival in the habitat and in society compared to
other primates. Sometimes primates perform intentional deception by manipulating other primate
belief has and desires. Self-awareness is another goal directed and purposive behavior exhibited
by primates but do not have any awareness for other intentions or beliefs. For example in case of
humans, often they save and secure their food after predation for the future use.
Evolutionary order:
Ape-->Pan, the chimpanzees-----> Australopithecus genus-------> Homo habilis and Homo
neanderthalensis ---->Genus ---> Homo -----> species ----------> sapiens
Taxonomical order:
Kingdom-------> Animalia; Phylum---> Chordata; Class----->Mammalia; Subclass----> Theria
Infraclass------> Placentalia; Order -----> Primates---> Family -----> Hominidae -----> Subfamily
-------> Homininae; Initial tribe------> Hominini--à modern human----> species
Ardipithecus ramidus is 4.4 million years ago and it has locomotor organs with bipedal property.
It possesses a grasping hallux along with big toe and these features are predominantly
adaptations for locomotion in the trees. Their habitat is near to forest including lakes, swamps
and springs associated woodlands and grasslands. Biological and ecological adaptations include
a better reproductive ability to sustain their race. They possess archaic features to lead their life
along with predation.
They possess hard skeleton and possess reduced canine teeth. They usually communicated with
Afar language. The brain size is smaller compared to apes and chimps and its size is about 300
and 350 cm3. The sexual dimorphism is mainly can be identified by the presence of upper canine
teeth and males prominently possess larger and sharp upper teeth compared to females.
They developed structural adaptations as per their requirement with the habitat as they are
socially communicative, cultural adaptations, behavioral adaptations and hunting adaptations.
These adaptations are crucial to selection pressure by the environment. Habitat on the earth
including land that is suitable for the growth and survival of the Hominid species as they were
perfectly showed adaptations to their environment by producing stronger teeth that made them
sustained to the climate throughout the dry season.
DNA sequencing is the method .
Episode 5(3): Where and how we started our path to now - Meetup session 18William Hall
This is the 18th of 23 presentations in a series introducing and outlining my hypertext book project, "Application Holy Wars or a New Reformation - A Fugue on the Theory of Knowledge". The project explores the interactions of technology and cognition in the extraordinary evolutionary history of the human species.
This session explores the origins of the hominin lineage. Our ancestors were the unfortunate apes who were stranded on the African savanna when climate change destroyed the primeval forests of their Garden of Eden. Our capuchin monkey cousins in the thorn scrubs of Brazil are currently facing similar circumstances.
Like hominins, it seems that some capuchins are becoming more bipedal when they need to cross treeless scrub lands or to carry heavy objects. Some capuchin groups have even developed food processing industries!
This session reviews some of the comparative evidence showing how tool-using apes (and monkeys) can adapt with technological solutions when climatic change turns their forests into dry thorn forests and savannas and forces them to work for their livings.
● Our ancestors were probably the first primates to successfully transmit large amounts of knowledge culturally.
The steps from scavenging meat on the savanna from carnivores to becoming the top carnivore of Africa and then the world are traced.
Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).SolutionThe.pdfarmcomputers
Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).
Solution
The latest chapter of human evolution begins with the emergence of Homo sapiens. The anatomy
of Homo sapiens is unique among hominin species and appears first in East Africa, dating to
roughly 160 thousand years ago. These unique features—including changes in the skull and
postcranial skeleton (skeleton minus skull) - suggest changes in brain size and architecture and
an adaptation to tropical environments. These anatomical changes are linked to cognitive and
behavioral changes that are equally unique among hominin species. In particular, the
archaeological evidence of behaviors thought to be unique to Homo sapiens, which appear first
in Africa around 170 ka, highlight the importance of symbolism, complex cognitive behaviors,
and a broad subsistence strategy (the strategy used to procure food). The evolution of Homo
sapiens is vitally important to defining our species in the broader context of human evolution and
also has key to understanding the human condition, past and present.
Food: All Homo sapiens were once hunter-gatherers living on wild plants and animals. It was
only about 11,000 years ago that humans began to domesticate plants and animals although wild
foods still remained important in the diet. Our species has a wide-ranging and essentially
omnivorous diet. This has enabled us to utilise the food resources found in the wide variety of
environments we inhabit.
Settlement: Early Homo sapiens often inhabited caves or rock shelters if these were available.
More recently, especially within the last 20,000 years, natural shelters were enhanced with walls
or other simple modifications. In open areas, shelters were constructed using a range of
framework materials including wooden poles and the bones of large animals, such as mammoths.
These structures were probably covered with animal hides and the living areas included fire
hearths.
Living sites were much larger than those occupied by earlier humans and a comparison with
modern traditional peoples suggests that clans consisted of between 25 and 100 members.
Other significant morphological changes included: the evolution of a power and precision grip; a
reduced masticatory system; a reduction of the canine tooth; and the descent of the larynx and
hyoid bone, making speech possible. An important physiological change in humans was the
evolution of hidden oestrus, or concealed ovulation, which may have coincided with the
evolution of important behavioural changes, such as pair bonding. Another significant
behavioural change was the development of material culture, with human-made objects
becoming increasingly common and diversified over time. The relationship between all these
changes is the subject of ongoing debate..
Essay on Evolution
Evolution And Its Impact On Human Evolution
Essay on The Importance of Human Evolution
Human Evolution Essay
Human Evolution Myth or Fact
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Human Evolution And The Human Race Essay
The Future Of Human Evolution Essay
The Evolution of Humans Essay
Human Evolution
Evolution Of Human Evolution
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Evolution Essay
Essay about Human Evolution and Adaptation
Persuasive Essay On Human Evolution
Human Evolution Essay
Mid-Term on Human Evolution Essay
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The Importance Of Human Evolution
00:00
00:33
Hybridization, as related to genomics, is the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule. The bonding is dependent on the appropriate base-pairing across the two single-stranded molecules. Hybridization is an important process in various research and clinical laboratory techniques. Hybridization. DNA is usually found as a double-stranded molecule. The two strands bind to one another in a complementary fashion by a process called hybridization. Naturally, when DNA is replicated, the new strand hybridizes to the old strand. In the laboratory, we can make small pieces of DNA, designed to screen for the presence or absence of certain DNA or RNA molecules in the cell. It also plays an important role in a procedure called polymerase chain reaction, known as PCR, where we amplify specific regions of the gene, and this is used in clinical testing.
Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
-Fossil skulls contain tangible evidence of unequal brain development, which is mirrored in the way stone tools were formed.
-The earliest of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools
For most of our time on Earth, we humans have survived by hunting and gathering food from our natural environment.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodontics/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodonticsprosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodontics/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming an.pdfproloyankur01
Hi,
I have updated the code. Highlighted the code changes below. we can end the loop by break
statement.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = 10;
int y =20;
int z = x + y;
while(z == z){
if(y ==z){
do{
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
cout<<\"This is the answer \"<
Solution
Hi,
I have updated the code. Highlighted the code changes below. we can end the loop by break
statement.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = 10;
int y =20;
int z = x + y;
while(z == z){
if(y ==z){
do{
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
cout<<\"This is the answer \"<.
Solution Given thatBy definition of logarithm, we getSolution.pdfproloyankur01
Given
F1 = -5i+3j-4k
F2 = 5i-5j-2k
The position vectors of the forces F1 and F2 are r1 and r2 respectively
From figure we can write
r1 = 4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k
r2 = 4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k
Now the equivalent force at O is
FR = F1 + F2 = -5i+3j-4k+ 5i-5j-2k
FR = -2 j -6 k
Therefore
FRx, FRy,FRz = (0, -2, -6)
Now the resultant moment about O is
MR,O = r1XF1 + r2X F2
MR,O =(4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k)X(-5i+3j-4k)+(4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k)X( 5i-5j-2k)
MR,O =12 k +16 j -0.75 k+0.6 i -1.25 j -0.75 i -20 k+8 j -0.75 k -0.3 i +1.25 j + 1.25 i
MR,O = 0.8 i + 24 j -9.5 k
so
(MR,Ox,MR,Oy, MR,Oz) = (0.8, 24, -9.5)
Solution
Given
F1 = -5i+3j-4k
F2 = 5i-5j-2k
The position vectors of the forces F1 and F2 are r1 and r2 respectively
From figure we can write
r1 = 4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k
r2 = 4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k
Now the equivalent force at O is
FR = F1 + F2 = -5i+3j-4k+ 5i-5j-2k
FR = -2 j -6 k
Therefore
FRx, FRy,FRz = (0, -2, -6)
Now the resultant moment about O is
MR,O = r1XF1 + r2X F2
MR,O =(4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k)X(-5i+3j-4k)+(4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k)X( 5i-5j-2k)
MR,O =12 k +16 j -0.75 k+0.6 i -1.25 j -0.75 i -20 k+8 j -0.75 k -0.3 i +1.25 j + 1.25 i
MR,O = 0.8 i + 24 j -9.5 k
so
(MR,Ox,MR,Oy, MR,Oz) = (0.8, 24, -9.5).
More Related Content
Similar to AnswerThe evolutionary history of humans since the most recent co.pdf
Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).SolutionThe.pdfarmcomputers
Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).
Solution
The latest chapter of human evolution begins with the emergence of Homo sapiens. The anatomy
of Homo sapiens is unique among hominin species and appears first in East Africa, dating to
roughly 160 thousand years ago. These unique features—including changes in the skull and
postcranial skeleton (skeleton minus skull) - suggest changes in brain size and architecture and
an adaptation to tropical environments. These anatomical changes are linked to cognitive and
behavioral changes that are equally unique among hominin species. In particular, the
archaeological evidence of behaviors thought to be unique to Homo sapiens, which appear first
in Africa around 170 ka, highlight the importance of symbolism, complex cognitive behaviors,
and a broad subsistence strategy (the strategy used to procure food). The evolution of Homo
sapiens is vitally important to defining our species in the broader context of human evolution and
also has key to understanding the human condition, past and present.
Food: All Homo sapiens were once hunter-gatherers living on wild plants and animals. It was
only about 11,000 years ago that humans began to domesticate plants and animals although wild
foods still remained important in the diet. Our species has a wide-ranging and essentially
omnivorous diet. This has enabled us to utilise the food resources found in the wide variety of
environments we inhabit.
Settlement: Early Homo sapiens often inhabited caves or rock shelters if these were available.
More recently, especially within the last 20,000 years, natural shelters were enhanced with walls
or other simple modifications. In open areas, shelters were constructed using a range of
framework materials including wooden poles and the bones of large animals, such as mammoths.
These structures were probably covered with animal hides and the living areas included fire
hearths.
Living sites were much larger than those occupied by earlier humans and a comparison with
modern traditional peoples suggests that clans consisted of between 25 and 100 members.
Other significant morphological changes included: the evolution of a power and precision grip; a
reduced masticatory system; a reduction of the canine tooth; and the descent of the larynx and
hyoid bone, making speech possible. An important physiological change in humans was the
evolution of hidden oestrus, or concealed ovulation, which may have coincided with the
evolution of important behavioural changes, such as pair bonding. Another significant
behavioural change was the development of material culture, with human-made objects
becoming increasingly common and diversified over time. The relationship between all these
changes is the subject of ongoing debate..
Essay on Evolution
Evolution And Its Impact On Human Evolution
Essay on The Importance of Human Evolution
Human Evolution Essay
Human Evolution Myth or Fact
Essay on The History of Human Evolution
Human Evolution And The Human Race Essay
The Future Of Human Evolution Essay
The Evolution of Humans Essay
Human Evolution
Evolution Of Human Evolution
Essay on human evolution
Evolution Essay
Essay about Human Evolution and Adaptation
Persuasive Essay On Human Evolution
Human Evolution Essay
Mid-Term on Human Evolution Essay
The Evolution Of Human Origins
The Importance Of Human Evolution
00:00
00:33
Hybridization, as related to genomics, is the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule. The bonding is dependent on the appropriate base-pairing across the two single-stranded molecules. Hybridization is an important process in various research and clinical laboratory techniques. Hybridization. DNA is usually found as a double-stranded molecule. The two strands bind to one another in a complementary fashion by a process called hybridization. Naturally, when DNA is replicated, the new strand hybridizes to the old strand. In the laboratory, we can make small pieces of DNA, designed to screen for the presence or absence of certain DNA or RNA molecules in the cell. It also plays an important role in a procedure called polymerase chain reaction, known as PCR, where we amplify specific regions of the gene, and this is used in clinical testing.
Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
-Fossil skulls contain tangible evidence of unequal brain development, which is mirrored in the way stone tools were formed.
-The earliest of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools
For most of our time on Earth, we humans have survived by hunting and gathering food from our natural environment.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodontics/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodonticsprosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anthroplolgical concepts in clinical orthodontics/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming an.pdfproloyankur01
Hi,
I have updated the code. Highlighted the code changes below. we can end the loop by break
statement.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = 10;
int y =20;
int z = x + y;
while(z == z){
if(y ==z){
do{
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
cout<<\"This is the answer \"<
Solution
Hi,
I have updated the code. Highlighted the code changes below. we can end the loop by break
statement.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = 10;
int y =20;
int z = x + y;
while(z == z){
if(y ==z){
do{
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
cout<<\"This is the answer \"<.
Solution Given thatBy definition of logarithm, we getSolution.pdfproloyankur01
Given
F1 = -5i+3j-4k
F2 = 5i-5j-2k
The position vectors of the forces F1 and F2 are r1 and r2 respectively
From figure we can write
r1 = 4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k
r2 = 4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k
Now the equivalent force at O is
FR = F1 + F2 = -5i+3j-4k+ 5i-5j-2k
FR = -2 j -6 k
Therefore
FRx, FRy,FRz = (0, -2, -6)
Now the resultant moment about O is
MR,O = r1XF1 + r2X F2
MR,O =(4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k)X(-5i+3j-4k)+(4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k)X( 5i-5j-2k)
MR,O =12 k +16 j -0.75 k+0.6 i -1.25 j -0.75 i -20 k+8 j -0.75 k -0.3 i +1.25 j + 1.25 i
MR,O = 0.8 i + 24 j -9.5 k
so
(MR,Ox,MR,Oy, MR,Oz) = (0.8, 24, -9.5)
Solution
Given
F1 = -5i+3j-4k
F2 = 5i-5j-2k
The position vectors of the forces F1 and F2 are r1 and r2 respectively
From figure we can write
r1 = 4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k
r2 = 4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k
Now the equivalent force at O is
FR = F1 + F2 = -5i+3j-4k+ 5i-5j-2k
FR = -2 j -6 k
Therefore
FRx, FRy,FRz = (0, -2, -6)
Now the resultant moment about O is
MR,O = r1XF1 + r2X F2
MR,O =(4 i -0.15 j + 0.25 k)X(-5i+3j-4k)+(4 i +0.15 j + 0.25 k)X( 5i-5j-2k)
MR,O =12 k +16 j -0.75 k+0.6 i -1.25 j -0.75 i -20 k+8 j -0.75 k -0.3 i +1.25 j + 1.25 i
MR,O = 0.8 i + 24 j -9.5 k
so
(MR,Ox,MR,Oy, MR,Oz) = (0.8, 24, -9.5).
Please follow the code and comments for description and outputs C.pdfproloyankur01
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ( hemoglobin precursor) begin to accumulate as hemoglobin as
hematocrit declineduring the 3rd stage of iron deficiency occurs when their is lack of iron limits
hemoglobin production.
World wide,how many people are estimated to have iron deficiency anemia
Ans; 2.0 to 2.5billion ( over 30% 0f world population according to WHO)
Solution
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ( hemoglobin precursor) begin to accumulate as hemoglobin as
hematocrit declineduring the 3rd stage of iron deficiency occurs when their is lack of iron limits
hemoglobin production.
World wide,how many people are estimated to have iron deficiency anemia
Ans; 2.0 to 2.5billion ( over 30% 0f world population according to WHO).
Average concentration of atrazine in the inflow water = 8.0 mg/L
Volume of reservoir = 3.0 x 105 m3
Total annual flow = 1.5 x 105 m3
Annual outflow due to evaporation =1.2 x 105 m3
Average concentration of atrazine in the outflow = 6.2 mg/L
Total quantity of atrazine added into the reservoir = 8.0 x 1.5 x 105 x 1000 mg = 1200 kg
As,the volume of the reservoir is steady, i.e. it is constant,
Outflow = Inflow – Evaporation loss
= (1.5 x 105 m3) - (1.2 x 105 m3)
= 0.3 x 105 m3
Total quantity of atrazine leaving the system = 6.2 mg/L x 0.3 x 105 m3 x 1000L/m3 = 186 kg
Total loss of atrazine by mass in the reservoir in the whole year = 1200 = 1014 kg
Internal Sink rate = 1014 kg/(3 x105 m3 x 365) = 9.26 mg/m3-day
Please provide feedback.
Solution
Average concentration of atrazine in the inflow water = 8.0 mg/L
Volume of reservoir = 3.0 x 105 m3
Total annual flow = 1.5 x 105 m3
Annual outflow due to evaporation =1.2 x 105 m3
Average concentration of atrazine in the outflow = 6.2 mg/L
Total quantity of atrazine added into the reservoir = 8.0 x 1.5 x 105 x 1000 mg = 1200 kg
As,the volume of the reservoir is steady, i.e. it is constant,
Outflow = Inflow – Evaporation loss
= (1.5 x 105 m3) - (1.2 x 105 m3)
= 0.3 x 105 m3
Total quantity of atrazine leaving the system = 6.2 mg/L x 0.3 x 105 m3 x 1000L/m3 = 186 kg
Total loss of atrazine by mass in the reservoir in the whole year = 1200 = 1014 kg
Internal Sink rate = 1014 kg/(3 x105 m3 x 365) = 9.26 mg/m3-day
Please provide feedback..
In the United States, policy makers, health professionals, and patie.pdfproloyankur01
Answer: Muscle temparature.
Proprioreceptor involves in the detection of changes in tension in muscles and tendons and
fibrous capsules in the joints. But temperature is sensed by specific receptors.
Solution
Answer: Muscle temparature.
Proprioreceptor involves in the detection of changes in tension in muscles and tendons and
fibrous capsules in the joints. But temperature is sensed by specific receptors..
create file name as board.javawrite below codeimport java.aw.pdfproloyankur01
100 DIM C(50) (50 is max number of servers) 110 INPUT S,NSTOP (S,NSTOP = number of
servers, customers to be
simulated) 120 FOR D=1 TO NSTOP 130 IA= (IA = interarrival time) 140 A=A+IA (A =
arrival time)
150 J=0 160 J=J+1 (J = index of server being probed) 170 IF J=S+1 THEN K=K+1 (K =
number of customers that are blocked) 180 IF J=S+1 THEN 270 190 IF AA THEN AB=AB+M-
A (AB = cumulative time during which all servers
busy) 270 NEXT D 280 PRINT K/NSTOP,AB/A (fraction of customers blocked, fraction of
time all servers are simultaneously busy)
Solution
100 DIM C(50) (50 is max number of servers) 110 INPUT S,NSTOP (S,NSTOP = number of
servers, customers to be
simulated) 120 FOR D=1 TO NSTOP 130 IA= (IA = interarrival time) 140 A=A+IA (A =
arrival time)
150 J=0 160 J=J+1 (J = index of server being probed) 170 IF J=S+1 THEN K=K+1 (K =
number of customers that are blocked) 180 IF J=S+1 THEN 270 190 IF AA THEN AB=AB+M-
A (AB = cumulative time during which all servers
busy) 270 NEXT D 280 PRINT K/NSTOP,AB/A (fraction of customers blocked, fraction of
time all servers are simultaneously busy).
Dear,The answer is 25.SolutionDear,The answer is 25..pdfproloyankur01
1
Suppose, annualized growth in inflation rate is I
4.5 = 1.2*(1+I) ^3
(1+I)^3 = 4.5/1.2 = 3.75= 1.553^ (1/3)
I = 55.3%
In an economy, when GDP is growing consistently and unemployment rate is also falling.
Though, growth rate in inflation rate is very high and it is approx. 55.3%. It means that demand
is increasing and it is more than the supply. It is also causing overheating of the economy. Here,
more money is chasing few goods. It leads to further increase in price. And it drives inflation on
the higher side. Data given the problem confirms the economic scenario mentioned. It propels
the inflation further and it is very high as a proof.
2
Inflation is growing with annualized rate of 55.3%. In this case, Federal Reserve should use
contraction policy. As a part of it, Federal Reserve should deploy right money policy. It will
discourage people to borrow and demand will come down. Thus, inflation will be controlled.
3.
Federal Reserve can increase reserve requirements. Further, Federal Reserve can also sell
government securities in open market. It will suck cash out of the system and contractionary
policy will be implemented. Reduced government expending will also help. It will help curbing
the inflation.
4
If recession happens and due to this reason, layoff takes place as well as demand decreases then
contractionary economic policy will be ineffective. In those circumstances, Federal Reserve has
to reverse the strategy.
Technological change can also make a reduction in demand of products. In that industry,
contractionary policy will be discouraging.
Also, for those product categories where demand is inelastic in nature. Contractionary policy will
not work.
Note: Already answered similar question on Chegg Q&A board. Thus, above answer is the
modified version as per the requirements mentioned in the question.
Solution
1
Suppose, annualized growth in inflation rate is I
4.5 = 1.2*(1+I) ^3
(1+I)^3 = 4.5/1.2 = 3.75= 1.553^ (1/3)
I = 55.3%
In an economy, when GDP is growing consistently and unemployment rate is also falling.
Though, growth rate in inflation rate is very high and it is approx. 55.3%. It means that demand
is increasing and it is more than the supply. It is also causing overheating of the economy. Here,
more money is chasing few goods. It leads to further increase in price. And it drives inflation on
the higher side. Data given the problem confirms the economic scenario mentioned. It propels
the inflation further and it is very high as a proof.
2
Inflation is growing with annualized rate of 55.3%. In this case, Federal Reserve should use
contraction policy. As a part of it, Federal Reserve should deploy right money policy. It will
discourage people to borrow and demand will come down. Thus, inflation will be controlled.
3.
Federal Reserve can increase reserve requirements. Further, Federal Reserve can also sell
government securities in open market. It will suck cash out of the system and contractionary
policy will be implemented. Red.
Cybrcoin or commonly known as Bitcoin is gaining ground from the las.pdfproloyankur01
11. SAMPLING FREQUENCY REQUIRED IS 3998 HZ
12. to provide equivalent digital binary output
13.half of maximum frequency content of analog input
14. MOSFET gate current is equivalent to ZERO
15. DC series motor IS STARTED WITHOUT NO LOAD
Solution
11. SAMPLING FREQUENCY REQUIRED IS 3998 HZ
12. to provide equivalent digital binary output
13.half of maximum frequency content of analog input
14. MOSFET gate current is equivalent to ZERO
15. DC series motor IS STARTED WITHOUT NO LOAD.
Cant see the questionSolutionCant see the question.pdfproloyankur01
1. Corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), general and limited partnerships, and sole
proprietorships are the more common legal entities used for operating a business.
2.Corporations and LLCs offer owners limited liability. General partners and sole proprietors
may be held personally responsible for the debts of the general partnership and sole
proprietorship. However,limited partners are not responsible for the partnership’s liabilities.
3.A business entity may be legally classified as a corporation, limited liability company (LLC), a
general partnership (GP), a limited partnership (LP), or a sole proprietorship under state law.
However, for tax purposes a business entity can be classified as either a separate taxpaying entity
or as a flow-through entity. Separate taxpaying entities pay tax on their own income. In contrast,
flow-through entities generally don’t pay taxes because income from these entities flows through
to their business owners who are responsible for paying tax on the income. C corporations are
separate taxpaying entities and if elected some flow-through entities may be treated as separate
taxpaying entities. Flow-through entities are usually taxed as either partnerships, sole
proprietorships, or disregarded entities.
4.A taxation principle referring to income taxes that are paid twice on the same source of earned
income.
Double taxation occurs because corporations are considered separate legal entities from their
shareholders. As such, corporations pay taxes on their annual earnings, just as individuals do.
When corporations pay out dividends to shareholders, those dividend payments incur income-tax
liabilities for the shareholders who receive them, even though the earnings that provided the cash
to pay the dividends were already taxed at the corporate level.
5. Double tax is actually more favorable if you,
1. Pay reasonable salaries to shareholders.
2. Lease property from shareholders.
3. Defer or eliminate dividend payments.
4. Defer capital gains taxes on shares by making lifetime gifts of appreciated stock
Solution
1. Corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), general and limited partnerships, and sole
proprietorships are the more common legal entities used for operating a business.
2.Corporations and LLCs offer owners limited liability. General partners and sole proprietors
may be held personally responsible for the debts of the general partnership and sole
proprietorship. However,limited partners are not responsible for the partnership’s liabilities.
3.A business entity may be legally classified as a corporation, limited liability company (LLC), a
general partnership (GP), a limited partnership (LP), or a sole proprietorship under state law.
However, for tax purposes a business entity can be classified as either a separate taxpaying entity
or as a flow-through entity. Separate taxpaying entities pay tax on their own income. In contrast,
flow-through entities generally don’t pay taxes because income fr.
Baud rate states that the symbol of frequency in a communication cha.pdfproloyankur01
1) D because he earns 25 dollars plus 80*h (h being the number of overtime hours)
2) Each side is x+6 (Not like what you drew 2 sides with X and the other 2 side with 6)
b) G. because 4(x+6) = 2(x+4)+2(x+8)
3) F
b)yes he can buy the item
Solution
1) D because he earns 25 dollars plus 80*h (h being the number of overtime hours)
2) Each side is x+6 (Not like what you drew 2 sides with X and the other 2 side with 6)
b) G. because 4(x+6) = 2(x+4)+2(x+8)
3) F
b)yes he can buy the item.
b.) varies only in name from a one way analysis of varianceSolut.pdfproloyankur01
1) (-3xy^-3)^-4/(xy^-1)^-2 = (xy^-1)^2/(-3xy^-3)^4 ( revesring the num and denom.)
Now , (x^2*y^-2)/(81x^4*y^-12) = x^2-4*y^(-2+12)/81 = x^-2*y^10/81
2) x^2 +4x+3 by (x+3)
x^2 +4x +3 = x^2 +3x+x +3 ( Factorising)
x(x+3) +1(x+3) = (x+1)(x+3)
So, we have (x+1)(x+3)/(x+3) = (x+1)
3) 4b^2 -4b -3 by 2b-1
4b^ -6b+2b -3 = 2b(2b-3) +1(2b-3) ( factorising)
= (2b+1)(2b-3)
(2b+1)(2b-3)/(2b-1) = 2b-3 (cancelling out common term )
4) (7x^2 +x^3)/(x^2 +5x -14)
We have to look for points where denominator is zero and function is undefined
x^2 +5x -14 = x^2 +7x -2x -14 = x(x+7)-2(x+7)
= (x-2)(x+7)
Denominator is zero at x =2 , -7
Domain : All real except x = 2 and x =-7
Solution
1) (-3xy^-3)^-4/(xy^-1)^-2 = (xy^-1)^2/(-3xy^-3)^4 ( revesring the num and denom.)
Now , (x^2*y^-2)/(81x^4*y^-12) = x^2-4*y^(-2+12)/81 = x^-2*y^10/81
2) x^2 +4x+3 by (x+3)
x^2 +4x +3 = x^2 +3x+x +3 ( Factorising)
x(x+3) +1(x+3) = (x+1)(x+3)
So, we have (x+1)(x+3)/(x+3) = (x+1)
3) 4b^2 -4b -3 by 2b-1
4b^ -6b+2b -3 = 2b(2b-3) +1(2b-3) ( factorising)
= (2b+1)(2b-3)
(2b+1)(2b-3)/(2b-1) = 2b-3 (cancelling out common term )
4) (7x^2 +x^3)/(x^2 +5x -14)
We have to look for points where denominator is zero and function is undefined
x^2 +5x -14 = x^2 +7x -2x -14 = x(x+7)-2(x+7)
= (x-2)(x+7)
Denominator is zero at x =2 , -7
Domain : All real except x = 2 and x =-7.
Answer The answer is (C)DoubleSolutionAnswer The a.pdfproloyankur01
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<\"enter n between 1 and 10 : \";
cin>>n;
cout<<\"\ Roman numeral is : \";
switch(n)
{
case 1:
cout<<\"I\";
break;
case 2:
cout<<\"II\";
break;
case 3:
cout<<\"III\";
break;
case 4:
cout<<\"IV\";
break;
case 5:
cout<<\"V\";
break;
case 6:
cout<<\"VI\";
break;
case 7:
cout<<\"VII\";
break;
case 8:
cout<<\"VIII\";
break;
case 9:
cout<<\"IX\";
break;
case 10:
cout<<\"X\";
break;
}
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<\"enter n between 1 and 10 : \";
cin>>n;
cout<<\"\ Roman numeral is : \";
switch(n)
{
case 1:
cout<<\"I\";
break;
case 2:
cout<<\"II\";
break;
case 3:
cout<<\"III\";
break;
case 4:
cout<<\"IV\";
break;
case 5:
cout<<\"V\";
break;
case 6:
cout<<\"VI\";
break;
case 7:
cout<<\"VII\";
break;
case 8:
cout<<\"VIII\";
break;
case 9:
cout<<\"IX\";
break;
case 10:
cout<<\"X\";
break;
}
return 0;
}.
Advantages1.Easy to share data over a network2.Better communica.pdfproloyankur01
a. The results are inconclusive because
the king size cigarettes are different sizes than the filtered cigarettes.
b. No, the filters do not appear to
make a difference because there is insufficient evidence to warrant the
rejection of the claim.
c. No, the filters do not appear to
make difference because there is sufficient evidence to warrant the rejection
of the claim.
d. Given the king size cigarettes have
the largest mean, it appears that the filters do make a difference(although
this conclusion is not justified by the results from analysis of variance)
Solution
a. The results are inconclusive because
the king size cigarettes are different sizes than the filtered cigarettes.
b. No, the filters do not appear to
make a difference because there is insufficient evidence to warrant the
rejection of the claim.
c. No, the filters do not appear to
make difference because there is sufficient evidence to warrant the rejection
of the claim.
d. Given the king size cigarettes have
the largest mean, it appears that the filters do make a difference(although
this conclusion is not justified by the results from analysis of variance).
An S corporation is formed by filing an Articles of Incorporation wi.pdfproloyankur01
let be A=x1i+y1j
B=x2i+y2j
A+B=(x1+x2)i+(y1+y2)j
lA+Bl^2=(x1+x2)^2+(y1+y2)^2
now lAl^2=x1^2+y1^2
lBl^2=x2^2+y2^2
and AB=x1x2+y1y2
now
lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2=x1^2+x2^2+2x1x2+2y1y2+y1^2+y2^2=(x1+x2)^2+(y1+y2)^2=lA+Bl^2
there fore lA+Bl^2=lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2
or
lA+Bl^2=lAl^2+lBl^2+2lAllBl=lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2
Solution
let be A=x1i+y1j
B=x2i+y2j
A+B=(x1+x2)i+(y1+y2)j
lA+Bl^2=(x1+x2)^2+(y1+y2)^2
now lAl^2=x1^2+y1^2
lBl^2=x2^2+y2^2
and AB=x1x2+y1y2
now
lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2=x1^2+x2^2+2x1x2+2y1y2+y1^2+y2^2=(x1+x2)^2+(y1+y2)^2=lA+Bl^2
there fore lA+Bl^2=lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2
or
lA+Bl^2=lAl^2+lBl^2+2lAllBl=lAl^2+2AB+lBl^2.
Income statement Net Sales / Income from Operations Rs m 8,741 Other
Operating Income Rs m 58 Total Income Rs m 8,799 Expenditure
(Increase) / Decrease in Finished / Trading Goods Rs m (74) Consumption of
Raw Materials and Movement in Work-in-Progress Rs m 5,686 Purchase of Trading
Goods Rs m 223 Employees Cost Rs m 532 Depreciation Rs m
207 Other Expenditure Rs m 1,370 Total Rs m 7,944
Profit / (Loss) from Operations Before Other Income, Financial Expenses and Exceptional Item
Rs m 855 Other Income Rs m - Profit Before Financial
Expenses and Exceptional Item Rs m 855 Interest Rs m 147
Profit / (Loss) After Financial Expenses But Before Exceptional Item Rs m 708
Exceptional Items Rs m - Profit from Ordinary Activities Before Tax Rs m
708 Tax Expense - Income Tax Rs m 241 Net Profit for the
Period Rs m 468 Balance Sheet ( Rs m) Sources of Funds Shareholders\'
Fund Share Capital 383 Equity Share Warrants - Reserves and
Surplus 5,956 Total 6,340 Minority - Loan Fund
Secured Loans 3,810 Unsecured Loans 3,690 Total 7,500
Deferred Tax Liability Net 1,052 Total 14,892 Application of
Funds Fixed Assets Gross Block 13,106 Less: Depreciation 4,699
Net Block 8,407 Capital Work-in-Progress 779 Share in Joint
Venture - Goodwill on Consolidation - Investments
4 Current Assets, Loans and Advances Inventories 4,194
Sundry Debtors 1,752 Cash and Bank Balances 2,315 Other Current
Assets 2 Loans and Advances 1,844 Total Current Assets, Loans
and Advances 10,106 Less: Current Liabilities and Provisions Current
Liabilities 3,886 Provisions 520 Total Current Liabilities and
Provisions 4,407 Net Current Assets 5,699 Deferred Revenue
Expenditure 3 Total 14,892 Change in Retained earning
Opening Balance Rs m 1,844 Add Transfer from Profit and Loss Account Rs m
500 Less Transfer to Profit & Loss Account Rs m (436) Common
Stock Repurchased and Cancelled Rs m - Closing Balance Rs m
1,908
Solution
Income statement Net Sales / Income from Operations Rs m 8,741 Other
Operating Income Rs m 58 Total Income Rs m 8,799 Expenditure
(Increase) / Decrease in Finished / Trading Goods Rs m (74) Consumption of
Raw Materials and Movement in Work-in-Progress Rs m 5,686 Purchase of Trading
Goods Rs m 223 Employees Cost Rs m 532 Depreciation Rs m
207 Other Expenditure Rs m 1,370 Total Rs m 7,944
Profit / (Loss) from Operations Before Other Income, Financial Expenses and Exceptional Item
Rs m 855 Other Income Rs m - Profit Before Financial
Expenses and Exceptional Item Rs m 855 Interest Rs m 147
Profit / (Loss) After Financial Expenses But Before Exceptional Item Rs m 708
Exceptional Items Rs m - Profit from Ordinary Activities Before Tax Rs m
708 Tax Expense - Income Tax Rs m 241 Net Profit for the
Period Rs m 468 Balance Sheet ( Rs m) Sources of Funds Shareholders\'
Fund Share Capital 383 Equity Share Warrants - Reserves and
Surplus 5,956 Total 6,340 Minority - Loan Fund
Secured Loans 3,810 Unsecured Loans 3,690 Total 7,500
Deferred Tax Liability Net 1,052 Total 14,892 Application of
F.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
AnswerThe evolutionary history of humans since the most recent co.pdf
1. Answer:
The evolutionary history of humans since the most recent common ancestor with chimps is
mainly with development of superior brain with higher intelligence & development of tool
manufacturing skills for hunting. Newly derived traits are such as “enamel on the top of teeth” is
useful to protect when eating hard meat as an evolutionary adaptation that widespread in the
primates including both humans, chimpanzees later. Therefore, newer traits are more widespread
in extant (living) species when compared to the ancestral traits such as postorbital plate which is
separating temporal fossa and orbit for survival function as an older trait (more widespread).
This process of evolution is mainly by anagensis in which traits are more complex over time.
The major traits that distinguish us from chimps and our common ancestors are intelligence,
development of teeth with reduced canines in modern humans and making tools for hunting are
different traits exhibited compared to chimps. The major environmental changes occurred with
temperature and it has increased compared to ancient period. The dietary changes have occurred
with respect to consuming high vegetable rate in humans compared to consumption of animal
meat, which was higher in ancient chimps & hominids.
The locomotion, tools and language have developed differentially in the modern humans
compared to ancient chimps and hominids as explained below.
Superior intelligence produces superior disease resistance:
Archaic humans used widely controlled Fire 250,000 years ago, in order to produce fire.
Hominins used baked clay, bones and charcoal. They widely used fire for cooking purpose these
by eating food, which enabled them with more evolved nervous system and brain with improved
social and physical activities. Finally intelligence, thinking, sexual habits all these process are
improved.
Homo sapiens possess smaller eye brows compared to the above ancestral species. 2. Modern
humans are taller and more gracile associated with falt face and protruding chin as well. 3. Homo
sapiens possess considerably with more brain size compared H. neanderthalensis on average.
Homo sapiens possess a high forehead, as well as flat face, and flat eye brows comape to Homo
denisovans.
Archaic humans are more superior in intelligence compared to the modern humans and they are
more resistant to virulent archaic infections because these are predominantly involved in genetic
variations to produce meticulous cognitive capabilities in ancient humans. Infants who borned in
the ancient period have better immunity capability to produce resistance against various archaic
infections and mothers inherit their disease resistant genetic alleles to the infants so that the
mortality rates are lesser when compared to the present modern humans. In ancient period, there
2. was no industrialization, sewage and pollution to propagate communicable diseases so that there
was no medium to spread infectious disease. Mothers of archaic origins have efficient cognitive
abilities along with smarter brain to defend disease by choosing appropriate nutritious food
material through various learning skills thereby production of more immune factors via breast
milk (improves much resistance in infants) to feed their infants. These features are associated
with eminent superior intelligence in early Homo sapiens to cause low mortality of rates of
infants and mothers.
Ardipithecus ramidus is 4.4 millions years ago and it has locomotor organs with bipedal
property. It possesses a grasping hallux along with big toe and these features are predominantly
adaptations for locomotion in the trees. Their habitat is near to forest including lakes, swamps
and springs associated woodlands and grasslands. Biological eand ecological adaptations include
a better reproductive ability to sustain their race. They possess archaic features to lead their life
along with predation.
They possess hard skeleton and possess reduced canine teeth. They usually communicated with
Afar language. The brain size is smaller compared to apes and chimps and its size is about 300
and 350 cm3. The sexual dimorphism is mainly can be identified by the presence of upper canine
teeth and males prominently possess larger and sharp upper teeth compared to females.
There are 4 distinctive methods of study of anthropology to unravel human life and human
ancestral history.
1. Cultural approach
2. Biological approach
4. Applied scientific approach
5. Contemporary approach
These approaches to study human life as explained below.
The initial evidence of fire originated form the stone hearths and clay control of fire, including
complex hearths, pits and kilns. These three arachiac humans used fire for their living purposes.
1. Homo erectus, 2. Homo sapiens; 3 Neanderthals
Humans may be descended from Neanderthals. The reason is that we have got DNA matching
similarities with Neanderthals as we may belong to these ancestors.
Stone tool culture is the initial and primitive tool choppers to process the collected meat and food
by H. habilis etc.
There is not a close correlation between hominid evolution and climate. There is much impact of
environment on human evolution but not climate change or climate as extinct Hominds and
modern Homo sapiens have evolved according to the genetic changes pertaining to their
3. ancestors. They developed structural adaptations as per their requirement with the habitat as they
are socially communicative, cultural adaptations, behavioral adaptations and hunting adaptations.
These adaptations are crucial to selection pressure by the environment. Habitat on the earth
including land that is suitable for the growth and survival of the Hominid species as they were
perfectly showed adaptations to their environment by producing stronger teeth that made them
sustained to the climate throughout the dry season. Once they are completely adapted, these teeth
went extinct if climate change occurred.
Solution
Answer:
The evolutionary history of humans since the most recent common ancestor with chimps is
mainly with development of superior brain with higher intelligence & development of tool
manufacturing skills for hunting. Newly derived traits are such as “enamel on the top of teeth” is
useful to protect when eating hard meat as an evolutionary adaptation that widespread in the
primates including both humans, chimpanzees later. Therefore, newer traits are more widespread
in extant (living) species when compared to the ancestral traits such as postorbital plate which is
separating temporal fossa and orbit for survival function as an older trait (more widespread).
This process of evolution is mainly by anagensis in which traits are more complex over time.
The major traits that distinguish us from chimps and our common ancestors are intelligence,
development of teeth with reduced canines in modern humans and making tools for hunting are
different traits exhibited compared to chimps. The major environmental changes occurred with
temperature and it has increased compared to ancient period. The dietary changes have occurred
with respect to consuming high vegetable rate in humans compared to consumption of animal
meat, which was higher in ancient chimps & hominids.
The locomotion, tools and language have developed differentially in the modern humans
compared to ancient chimps and hominids as explained below.
Superior intelligence produces superior disease resistance:
Archaic humans used widely controlled Fire 250,000 years ago, in order to produce fire.
Hominins used baked clay, bones and charcoal. They widely used fire for cooking purpose these
by eating food, which enabled them with more evolved nervous system and brain with improved
social and physical activities. Finally intelligence, thinking, sexual habits all these process are
improved.
Homo sapiens possess smaller eye brows compared to the above ancestral species. 2. Modern
humans are taller and more gracile associated with falt face and protruding chin as well. 3. Homo
4. sapiens possess considerably with more brain size compared H. neanderthalensis on average.
Homo sapiens possess a high forehead, as well as flat face, and flat eye brows comape to Homo
denisovans.
Archaic humans are more superior in intelligence compared to the modern humans and they are
more resistant to virulent archaic infections because these are predominantly involved in genetic
variations to produce meticulous cognitive capabilities in ancient humans. Infants who borned in
the ancient period have better immunity capability to produce resistance against various archaic
infections and mothers inherit their disease resistant genetic alleles to the infants so that the
mortality rates are lesser when compared to the present modern humans. In ancient period, there
was no industrialization, sewage and pollution to propagate communicable diseases so that there
was no medium to spread infectious disease. Mothers of archaic origins have efficient cognitive
abilities along with smarter brain to defend disease by choosing appropriate nutritious food
material through various learning skills thereby production of more immune factors via breast
milk (improves much resistance in infants) to feed their infants. These features are associated
with eminent superior intelligence in early Homo sapiens to cause low mortality of rates of
infants and mothers.
Ardipithecus ramidus is 4.4 millions years ago and it has locomotor organs with bipedal
property. It possesses a grasping hallux along with big toe and these features are predominantly
adaptations for locomotion in the trees. Their habitat is near to forest including lakes, swamps
and springs associated woodlands and grasslands. Biological eand ecological adaptations include
a better reproductive ability to sustain their race. They possess archaic features to lead their life
along with predation.
They possess hard skeleton and possess reduced canine teeth. They usually communicated with
Afar language. The brain size is smaller compared to apes and chimps and its size is about 300
and 350 cm3. The sexual dimorphism is mainly can be identified by the presence of upper canine
teeth and males prominently possess larger and sharp upper teeth compared to females.
There are 4 distinctive methods of study of anthropology to unravel human life and human
ancestral history.
1. Cultural approach
2. Biological approach
4. Applied scientific approach
5. Contemporary approach
These approaches to study human life as explained below.
5. The initial evidence of fire originated form the stone hearths and clay control of fire, including
complex hearths, pits and kilns. These three arachiac humans used fire for their living purposes.
1. Homo erectus, 2. Homo sapiens; 3 Neanderthals
Humans may be descended from Neanderthals. The reason is that we have got DNA matching
similarities with Neanderthals as we may belong to these ancestors.
Stone tool culture is the initial and primitive tool choppers to process the collected meat and food
by H. habilis etc.
There is not a close correlation between hominid evolution and climate. There is much impact of
environment on human evolution but not climate change or climate as extinct Hominds and
modern Homo sapiens have evolved according to the genetic changes pertaining to their
ancestors. They developed structural adaptations as per their requirement with the habitat as they
are socially communicative, cultural adaptations, behavioral adaptations and hunting adaptations.
These adaptations are crucial to selection pressure by the environment. Habitat on the earth
including land that is suitable for the growth and survival of the Hominid species as they were
perfectly showed adaptations to their environment by producing stronger teeth that made them
sustained to the climate throughout the dry season. Once they are completely adapted, these teeth
went extinct if climate change occurred.
