The document outlines a postgraduate research proposal focused on biofortifying grain sorghum to enhance zinc and iron content. It details the significance of sorghum as a key cereal crop and presents objectives, experimental designs, and methods for soil and foliar application of nutrients. The study aims to assess the effects of these applications on growth, yield, and nutrient quality of sorghum in Anand, India.

1. 1
WELCOME

2. BIOFORTIFICATION OF GRAIN SORGHUM FOR ENHANCING ZINC AND IRON
OUTLINE OF POST GRADUATE RESEARCH WORK
SUBMITTED TO :
Directorate of Research & Dean P.G. Studies
Anand Agricultural University,
Anand - 388110
SUBMITTED BY :
Pal Anjali D.
M.Sc.(Agronomy) 1st
sem
Reg.No. 2010123029

3. 3
Sr. No. Role Name & Designation
1 Major guide
Dr. C. H. Raval
Assistant Professor
College of Horticulture
AAU, Anand.
2 Minor guide
Dr. N. J. Jadav
Professor & Head,
Department of Soil Science & Ag. Chemistry
B. A. College of Agriculture
AAU, Anand.
3 Member
Dr. Vinod B. Mor
Assistant Professor & Head,
Department of Agronomy
College of Agriculture, AAU, Jabugam
4 Member
Dr. A. D. Kalola
Professor & Head,
Department of Agricultural Statistics
B. A. College of Agriculture
AAU, Anand
ADVISORY COMMITTEE

4. 4
INTRODUCTION
Scientific name : Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench.
Family : Poaceae
Origin : Africa
Chromosome no : 2n = 20
 Sorghum is one of the most important tropical crop
grown in India and best adopted in the region of low
rainfall.
 Sorghum grain contains about 10-12% protine, 3% fat,
70% carbohydrate,vitamins and mineral salts which are
essential for effective growth of human life.
 Sorghum is the world’s fifth-most important cereal
crop after rice, wheat, maize and barley.
 Sorghum is considered as camel crop because of
resistance to drought.

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 Maharashtra and Karnataka account for 57.25% of Sorghum (Jowar) produced in India. MP, Tamil Nadu,
Rajasthan & Andhra Pradesh are the next major contributing states.
 India ranks fifth in total sorghum production with 4.23 million tonnes grown in an area of 3.90 million
hectare in 2021-22.
 It is a key cereal crop globally and act as a source of grain , animal feed, pasturage, fiber, fuel,
bioethanol, alcoholic beverage as well as building materials.
India
Area (Lakh ha ) 39.21
Production (Lakh tonnes ) 42.30
Yield (kg/hectare) 1128
Cont…..

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Area “00” ha Production “00”
MT
Yield (Kg/ha)
Gujarat 427.59 575.37 1345.60
Surat 96.11 113.79 1183.99
Tapi 75.70 140.39 1854.50
Porbandar 67.20 90.79 1351.04
Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Gujarat

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OBJECTIVES
1. To study the effect of soil and foliar application of zinc and iron on growth, yield,
nutrient content and quality of grain sorghum.
2. To study the effect of soil and foliar application of zinc and iron on their availability in
soil.

8. 8
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

9. 9
Sr. No. RESEARCHER SOURCE RESULT
1
Madanu akhila et al., (2021)
Department of Agronomy,
Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences,
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Journal of
Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemistry
10(2):1292-1295
 Application with RDF + 0.5 %ZnSO4 Foliar spray at 25
and 45 DAS found significantly higher in plant height
(164.53 cm ),dry weight (44.67 g/plant), crop growth
rate (23.00 g/m2/plant), more number of effective
tiller/plant and ears/plant and maximum number of
grains /ear (844.38) and grain yield (4433.33 kg/ha)
were recorded as compared to other treatments.
2
Veeranagouda R. Maganur and
V.S.Kubsad (2020),
College of Agriculture,
Dharwad, Karnataka, India
J. Farm Sci.,
33(2):(188-191)
 Among all other treatments, application of
ZnSO4+FeSO4 @15.00 kg/ha each enriched with FYM
recorded higher grain yield (4,132 kg/ha), fodder yield
(9.95 t/ha).
 Same treatments recorded higher Zinc (23.43 mg/kg)
and Iron (33.89 mg/kg) content in grain.
 Growth and Yield indices like plant height (232.7 cm ),
total dry matter production (218.9g/plant), test
weight (3.02 g),number of leaves/plant (7.7) were also
higher with same treatment.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

10. 10
Sr.
No.
RESEARCHER SOURCE RESULT
3
Brajkishor Prajapati and
Kewalanand (2019)
College of Agriculture,
GPBU & T, Pantnagar-263145,
India
International Journal of
Current Microbiology and
Applied Sciences
8(12): 1693-1699
 RDF (NPK 120:60:40 kg/ha ) in combination with ZnSO4
15 kg/ha + FeSO4 15 kg/ha as soil application showed
maximum growth attributes characters (plant height,
L:S, stem diameter ), dry matter content, crude protein
content, green fodder yield of 613.36 and 624.63 q/ha ,
dry fodder yield of 170.39, 177.21 q/ha as well as crude
protein yield 16.65 and 17.44 q/ha, net and B:C ratio
during 2012 and 2-13, respectively followed by RDF
+ZnSO4 25 kg/ha.
4
A.H.Anilkumar and V.S.Kubsad
(2017)
Dharwad, Karnataka, India
J. Farm Sci.,
30(4): (547-549)
 Results of the study revealed that soil application of
RDF+ Enriched FYM 1 (i.e. 50 kg FYM/ha + 3.75 kg
ZnSO4 /ha FeSO4 /ha) recorded significantly higher
grain yield (4287 kg/ha), fodder yield (7.51 t/ha), gross
returns (211924 rupee /ha ),net return ( 85702 / ha )
and BC ratio (3.50) over control, recommended dose of
fertilizer and recommended package of practices. The
growth and yield parameter viz., leaf area (48.08 dm2
/plant ),grain weight (62.33 g/plant ) and test weight
(37.77 g ) were higher with same treatment.

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Sr.
No.
RESEARCHER SOURCE RESULT
5
J S Mishra et al.,(2015)
Directorate of Sorghum
Research,
Telangana, Hyderabad, India
Indian Journal of Agricultural
Sciences
85(5): 721
 Experiment concluded that sorghum cultivar Phule
Maulee with soil application of ZnSO4 + FeSO4 each at
50 kg/ followed by foliar application (0.50% + 1.0%) at
45 DAS along with recommended dose of fertilizer
(80:40:40 kg NPK/ha) could be used to produce
micronutrient ( Fe and Zn) rich post-rainy sorghum and
to improve the micronutrient nutritional status of
farmers.
6
Anuradha Pawar et al.,
(2015)
College of Agriculture,
Parbhani. V. N. Marathwada
Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani,
Maharashtra, India
Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. &
Dev. 2015 30
(2): 74-83
• The treatment T7 i.e. RDF + soil application of 15 kg
ZnSO4 + 15 kg FeSO4 /ha recorded highest % N (0.65), %
P(0.49) and K (0.82) in fodder ,whereas highest N, P and
K in harvested grains was noted as 1.55 , 0.88 and 0.41
kg /ha , respectively. Total uptake of major also recorded
as nitrogen (50.79kg/ha), phosphorus (31.85 kg/ha ) and
potassium (32.29kg/ha).

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Sr. No. RESEARCHER SOURCE RESULT
7
P. B. Adsul et al.,(2014)
College of Agriculture,
Latur, Maharashtra, India
BIONFOLET
11(2 C):578-582
 Application of RDF +15 kg ZnSO4 + 15 kg ZnSO4 /ha
significantly increased sorghum grain yield to 20.58
q/ha.
 application of RDF +15 kg ZnSO4 +15 kg FeSO4 also
increased N uptake (50.79 kg/ha), P uptake (31.85
kg/ha ), K uptake (32.29 kg/ha ) in kharif sorghum.

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EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
1 Title of experiment
Biofortification of grain sorghum for enhancing zinc and
iron
2 Location
College Agronomy Farm,
B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand
3 Season and Year Summer, 2024
4 Experimental design Randomized Block Design
5 Replication 03
6 Treatments 12
7 Total plots 36

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EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
8
Plot size
Gross Plot : 3.6 × 5.00 m
Net Plot : 2.70 × 4.00 m
9
Seed rate 15-20 kg/ha
10
Spacing 45 cm
11 Method of sowing Drilling
12 Crop and variety Summer sorghum, GJ 43
13 Fertilizer 90-40-40 NPK kg/ha
14 Time of sowing Fortnight of February

15. 15
T1 : 10 kg ZnSO4 Soil application
T2 : 10 kg FeSO4 Soil application
T3 : 10 kg ZnSO4/ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnSO4 foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T4 : 10 kg FeSO4 /ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnSO4 foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T5 : 5 kg ZnSO4 + 5 kg FeSO4/ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnS04 + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T6 : 20 kg ZnSO4 Soil application
T7 : 20 kg FeSO4 Soil application
T8 : 20 kg ZnSO4/ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnSO4 foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T9 : 20 kg FeSO4/ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnSO4 foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T10 :10 kg ZnSO4 + 10 kg FeSO4/ha as basal + 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5 % foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS
T11 : Control (RDF)
T12 : Absolute Control
TREATMENT DETAILS

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OBERVATION TO BE RECORDED
(A) Growth attributes
 Plant population per meter row length at 15 DAS
 Plant height (cm) at 30, 45, 60 and at harvest
 Number of leaves at 30, 45, 60 and at harvest
(B) Yield attributes
 Grain yield in kg/ha
 Straw yield in kg/ha
(C) Quality parameters
 Dry matter (%)
 Crude protein (%) in grain and straw
 HCN content at 30, 45 and 60 DAS
 Zn and Fe content in grain and straw after harvest
(D) Soil analysis
 Initial soil status ( EC, pH, OC%, available N, P, K ( kg/ha)
 Initial and after harvest Zn and Fe content

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