Animal cell anatomy power point
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The document discusses the basic anatomy of an animal cell. It describes the key organelles that make up the cell, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuoles. It explains the basic functions of these organelles, such as how the mitochondria produces energy, the Golgi body packages proteins, and the nucleus controls cell activities and contains DNA. The document also notes that while all cells have the same basic components, they can perform different functions and this allows for diversity within organisms.
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The cell membrane surrounds the cell and is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass in and out. The centrosome is located near the nucleus and is where microtubules are made; it divides during cell division. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like material outside the cell nucleus that contains organelles like the Golgi body, which packages proteins and carbohydrates, and lysosomes, which digest cell nutrients.
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‘’The study of the process of growth and differentiation of the embryo, starting from fertilization of an ovum and progressing to a fully formed individual animal.’’
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Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Maturation
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Cells associated with formation and regeneration are somatic cells and they divide through mitosis.
Cells associated with reproduction are known as germ cells including male female gametes, they divide through meiosis.
Somatic cells undergo a series of molecular and morphological changes as part of the cell cycle. The changes occur in four phases G1, S, G2, and M and also a quiescent Go phase.
G1 and G2 phase are known as resting phases. The cells are metabolically active fulfilling its requirements for the next phase of cycle.
In S phase DNA synthesis occurs before chromosomal replication.
Collectively G1,S and G2 phase form the interphase which is the preparatory phase before mitotic phase.
Certain fully differentiated cells such as neurons do not divide further and enter Go phase.
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PROPHASE: in this phase the chromatin material begins to condense in the form of chromosomes and the centrioles begin to form spindle fibers or asters.
METAPHASE: in this phase nuclear envelop breaks and microtubules developed from spindle fibers bind to kinetochore of chromatids and arrange them in middle region forming a metaphase plate.
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The document summarizes key differences and similarities between plant and animal cells. It describes the main components of plant cells, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and plastids. It also outlines the main parts of animal cells, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes. Both cell types share some similar structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus.
Science ppt.
Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of structure and function. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed in membranes and various membrane-bound organelles. The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, and cells use various transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Plant cells have cell walls and often chloroplasts, while animal cells lack these features.
Animal cell
The document discusses the structure and components of an animal cell. An animal cell contains a nucleus that controls cell functions and contains DNA. It also contains organelles such as mitochondria that produce energy, ribosomes that produce proteins, lysosomes for digestion, and the Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum that transport materials. The plasma cell membrane surrounds the cell and is semi-permeable, regulating what passes in and out. Animal cells have these internal structures and lack a cell wall, and may contain vacuoles, centrioles and centrosomes.
Cell & Its Orgenells
The document summarizes the structures and functions of animal cells. It discusses that animal cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope that houses the cell's genetic material. The cytoplasm contains various membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions like mitochondria which generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum which synthesizes proteins, and lysosomes which digest waste. The plasma membrane encloses the cell and regulates what enters and exits, and the cytoskeleton maintains the cell's shape.
Cell organelles
The three main components of plant and animal cells are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane separates the cell from its environment and is selectively permeable. The cytoplasm contains organelles and dissolved substances. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls cell functions. Both plant and animal cells contain organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and mitochondria which transport materials, produce proteins, package proteins, break down waste, and produce energy. Animal cells also contain cilia and flagella for movement. Plant cells uniquely contain a cell wall, plastids like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a central vacuole.
Human cell-structural anatomy ppt
The human cell is the basic functional unit of life. It contains a nucleus surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm with various organelles that perform specific functions like mitochondria, which produce energy for the cell, and lysosomes, which digest waste. The document outlines the structures and functions of the major organelles found in human cells like the nucleus, which houses DNA, and ribosomes, which produce proteins using DNA instructions. It compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and discusses the differences between plant and animal cells.
Cells ppt.presentation
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in their nuclear structure and cell division processes. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus containing chromosomes, while prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and usually have a single circular chromosome. Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis for cell division, while prokaryotic cells usually divide by binary fission without mitosis. The document also provides glossaries defining the structures and organelles found within animal cells, plant cells, and their differences.
Cell organelles- histology
The document summarizes various cell organelles and their functions. The main organelles discussed include the nucleus, which contains the cell's genetic material; the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein synthesis and transport; ribosomes, which play a role in protein synthesis; mitochondria, the site of cellular respiration; the Golgi complex, which modifies and packages proteins and lipids; lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes; and peroxisomes, which contain oxidative enzymes. The document also briefly mentions phagosomes, pinocytotic vesicles, and exocytotic vesicles, which are involved in ingestion and secretion, as well as secretory granules and cell contacts between adjoining cells.
03 Cell Organelles.pdf
The chapter contain detail descriptions regarding structures and functions of different cell organelles of plant and animal cells which is helpful to UG and PG students of Science. Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. The basic constituents of plant and animal cells are the same,
viz nucleic acid, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and various inorganic substances
They organized in the same fundamental manner. The shape of plant cell is rectangular and that of animal cell is round with irregular appearance. Cell organelles various membrane bound structures that are
found within a cell such as nucleus, plastids, mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum etc.
Cells
The document summarizes key organelles and structures found within plant and animal cells. It describes the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, centrosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoles, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It also discusses epithelial tissues, mesophyll tissue, and parenchyma cells.
Fundamental unit of life ppt
A cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is capable of independent existence and carries out all functions necessary to sustain life. The document defines cells and describes their key components. It explains that cells come in various shapes and sizes, and are enclosed by a membrane with a nucleus and cytoplasm inside. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes several important cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and their functions.
Cell structural and functional unit
The document discusses cells and their components. It defines cells as the basic unit of structure and function of living things. It describes several key organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane. It also distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that prokaryotes are smaller and lack a nucleus while eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles and nuclei.
Cells
The document summarizes the structure and function of eukaryotic cell organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, centrosome, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It also describes differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and types of epithelial and plant tissues.
Cell Organelles
An organelle is a specialized subunit that has a specific function. The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence organelle. Organelles are either separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers (also called membrane-bound organelles) or are spatially distinct functional units without a surrounding lipid bilayer (non-membrane bound organelles). Although most organelles are functional units within cells, some functional units that extend outside of cells are often termed organelles, such as cilia, the flagellum and archaellum, and the trichocyst.
Cell
This document provides an overview of cell structure and types of organisms. It discusses the history of cell discovery and defines unicellular and multicellular organisms. The key components of the cell are then described in detail, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, and vacuoles. Each component's structure and functions are outlined. The document concludes by stating that vacuoles serve as storage sacs within the cell.
Unit1-Cell_Str.pptx
The document discusses the structural and functional organization of cells, including their compartmentalization into organelles. It describes the main organelles found in cells and their functions. The key organelles discussed are the nucleus, which controls cell activities; mitochondria, which generate energy; the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which help synthesize and transport molecules; lysosomes and peroxisomes, which digest and break down waste; and plastids like chloroplasts, which facilitate photosynthesis in plant cells. The document contrasts the structures of typical animal and plant cells.
L-5 Fundamental unit of life.pptx
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms.
2. Cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions like protein production, energy generation, waste disposal, and more.
3. The plasma membrane forms the barrier between the cell's interior and its external environment, and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
cell physiology.pptx
The document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses that cells are the fundamental units of living things and humans are made up of trillions of cells. It then describes the main parts of the cell in detail, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and microtubules. It explains the functions of these parts, such as how the organelles work together to keep the cell alive and allow it to carry out tasks like nutrient intake, processing, waste removal, and energy production. The document also discusses different types of transport across the cell membrane like endocytosis and pinocytosis.
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Animal cell anatomy power point
- 1. Animal Cell Anatomy BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
- 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are made up of cells (or in some cases, a single cell). Most cells are very small; most are invisible without using a microscope.
- 3. CROSS SECTION OF AN ANIMAL CELL
- 4. DEFINATION OF EACH ORGANELLE cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
- 5. Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.
- 6. mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
- 7. nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have more than one nucleolus. nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
- 8. ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
- 9. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm. The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes. vacuole - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
- 10. THE NUCLEUS The nucleus id the central important organelle of a cell because the control the cell activities and carries DNA. There are membrane bounded nuclei and non bounded nuclei. The bounded nuclei are in cells called Eukaryotes. The non bounded nuclei are in cells called prokaryotes.
- 11. Microscopic picture of a nucleus.
- 12. Nucleus of a Eukaryote cell
- 13. ALL CELLS ARE THE SAME BUT PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
- 14. CHILDREN OF THE SAME PARENTS MAY DIFFER BECAUSE OF GENETICS (CELLS)
- 15. EYE COLOR, GENDER, FUR COLOR etc.
- 17. THESE MUTATIONS OF CELLS CAUSES VARIETION AMONG THE SAME SPECIE. THIS VARIETION CAUSES DIVERSITY IN THE POPULATION.
- 18. STATISTICS