Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabeen Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He had a humble upbringing, with his father owning a boat and his mother being a housewife. To earn money from a young age, he began distributing newspapers early in the morning. He dreamed of becoming a pilot and studied aerospace engineering. He played a major role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapons programs. He received many honors including India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna. On July 27, 2015, he collapsed and died of a cardiac arrest while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong.