2. Introduction:
• Anemia is a major killer in India.
• Statistics reveal that every second Indian woman is anemic
• One in every five maternal deaths is directly due to anemia.
• Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although
pregnant women and adolescent girls are most susceptible and most
affected by this disease.
3. Objectives:
■ Definition of anemia
■ Classification of anemia
■ Types of anemia
■ Anemia Cause
■ Anemia Symptom
■ Treatment
■ Prevention
4. Definition:
■ Anemia (An-without,emia-blood)is a decrease in the RBC count, hemoglobin
and/or Hematocrit values resulting in a lower ability for the blood to carry
oxygen to body tissues.
11. Symptoms:
• Easy fatigue and loss of energy
• Unusually rapid heart beat,
particularly with exercise
• Shortness of breath and headache,
particularly with exercise
• Difficulty concentrating
• Dizziness
• Pale skin
• Leg cramps
• Insomnia
12. Signs:
■ Brittle nails
■ Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
■ Atrophy of the papillae of the tongue
■ Angular stomatitis
■ Brittle hair
■ Dysphagia and Glossitis
■ Plummer vinson/kelly patterson
14. Treatment:
■ Iron deficiency anemia: Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves
taking iron supplements and changing the diet.
■ If the cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood, finding the source of the
bleeding and stopping it is needed. This might involve surgery.
■ Aplastic anemia: Treatment for this anemia can include blood transfusions to
boost levels of red blood cells. A bone marrow transplant might be needed if
bone marrow can’t make healthy blood cells.
15. ■ Hemolytic anemias: Managing hemolytic anemias includes stopping medicines
that might be causing it and treating infections. If the immune system is
attacking red blood cells, treatment might involve taking medicines that lower
immune system activity.
*Sickle cell anemia: Treatment might include oxygen, pain relievers, and
hydration with fluids given through a vein, called intravenous, to reduce pain and
prevent complications. Receiving blood, called a transfusion, and taking folic acid
supplements and antibiotics might be involved.
A cancer drug called hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) also is used to treat
sickle cell anemia.
16. *Thalassemia: Most forms of thalassemia are mild and need no treatment. More-
severe forms of thalassemia generally require blood transfusions, folic acid
supplements, medicines, a blood and bone marrow stem cell transplant, or,
rarely, removing the spleen.
17. Prevention:
■ Iron :Sources include red meat, dark-green leafy vegetables, beans and lentils,
dried-fruits and iron-fortified cereals.
■ Folate and folic acid: Sources include dark-green leafy vegetables, whole
fruits or fruit juices, kidney beans, green peas, peanuts and fortified products
such as bread, cereal, pasta and rice.
■ Vitamin B-12: Sources include dairy products, meat, soy products and fortified
cereal.
■ Vitamin C :Sources include all citrus fruits – whole or juiced, strawberries,
peppers, broccoli, melons and tomatoes. All of these help the body absorb iron
better.
