This document provides an overview of the Android operating system. It describes Android as a Linux-based operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance for use in smartphones and tablets. The document then discusses the major versions of Android, its key features like applications, architecture, interface, and security. It also profiles some popular Android phones like the Samsung Galaxy S3, HTC One X, and Motorola Droid Razr Maxx.

1. ANDROID
By Pooja Sree.K
11MI012
II-ME-SE

2. Agenda
• What is android?
• Versions
• Features
• Android architecture
• Description
• Interface
• Applications
• Security and Privacy
• Android mobile phones

3. What is android?
• Linux based operating system developed for
smart phones and tablet computers.
• Developed by Google in conjunction with Open
Handset Alliance.
• Android Open Source Project (ASOP)
• Provides tools and API’s to begin developing
applications using Java programming language.

4. Versions
• Android was developed by Google and Open
Handset Alliance.
• The version updates:
 Android 1.0
 Android 1.1
 Android 1.5 (Cupcake)
 Android 1.6 (Donut)
 Android 2.0/2.1(Éclair)
 Android 2.2.x (Froyo)
 Android 2.3.x (Gingerbread)
 Android 3.x (Honeycomb)
 Android 4.0.x (Ice-cream Sandwich)
 Android 4.1.x (Jelly Bean)

5. Android 1.0
• First commercial version
• Released on September23, 2008
• Device that runs Android 1.0 is HTC Dream (G1)
• The features available in the devise are:
• Android Market application downloads and
updates through the market app
• Web Browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML
and XHTML web pages
• Access to web email servers, supporting POP3,
IMAP4 and SMTP.
• Gmail synchronization with Gmail app
• Google maps with latitude and street view to view
maps and satellitte imagery

6. Android 1.1
• Released on February 9,2009
• Initially released for HTC Dream only
• Android 1.1 was known as ”Petit Four”
• This update resolved bugs
• Features included ability to save attachments in
messages
• Marquee for system layouts
• Longer in-call screen timeout default when using
the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide
dial pad

7. Android 1.5 Cupcake
• Released on April 30, 2009
• This version was based on Linux kernal2.6.27
• Features included are
– Support for Widgets-miniature application
views that can be embedded in other
applications (such as the Home screen) and
receive periodic updates
– Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and
3GP formats
– Auto-rotation operation
– Ability to upload videos in Youtube and photos
to Picasa

8. Android 1.6 Donut
• Released on September 15, 2009
• This version was based on Linux kernel 2.6.29
• Voice and text entry search enhanced to include
bookmark history, contacts, and the web
• Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow
any Android application to "speak" a string of text
• Easier searching and ability to view app
screenshots in Android Market
• Updated technology support for CDMA /
EVDO,802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech
engine
• Support for WVGA screen resolutions

9. Android 2.0/2.1Eclair
• Released on October 26, 2009
• Exchange email support, with combined inbox to
browse email from multiple accounts in one page
• Bluetooth 2.1 support
• Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS
messages
• Delete oldest messages in a conversation
automatically deleted when a defined limit is
reached
• Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
• Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation
of home-screen background images to show
movement

10. Android 2.2.x Froyo
• Released on May 20,2010
• Froyo-Frozen Yogurt
• Android 2.2.x was based on 2.6.32
• Features include:
• Speed, memory and performance optimizations
• Support for the Android Cloud to Device
Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push
notifications
• Improved application launcher with shortcuts to
Phone and Browser applications
• USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality

11. Android 2.3.x Gingerbread
• Released on December 6, 2010
• Gingerbread was based on Linux kernel 2.6.35
• Updated user interface design with increased
simplicity and speed
• Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony
• Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual
keyboard, with improved accuracy, better
suggested text and voice input mode
• Enhanced copy/paste functionality
• Support for multiple cameras on the device,
including a front-facing camera

12. Android 3.x Honeycomb
• Honeycomb was released on February 22, 2011
• This is the first tablet android updated
• Based on Linux kernel 2.6.36
• Motorola Xoom tablet released on February 24,2011
based featuring this version
• Optimized tablet support with a new virtual and
“holographic” user interface
• Added System Bar, featuring quick access to
notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons,
available at the bottom of the screen
• Support for multi-core processors
• Ability to encrypt all user data

13. Android 4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich
• Ice cream sandwich was based on Linux kernel
3.0.1
• Released on October 19, 2011
• Updated features include:
• Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available
for use on phones
• Separation of widgets in a new tab
• Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop
style
• Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar
• Improved error correction on the keyboard
• Ability to access apps directly from lock screen

14. Android 4.1.x Jelly Bean
• Jelly bean was introduced by Google on June 27,2012
• Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31
• Update for improving the functionality and
performance of user interface
• Project Butter – performance improvement which uses
touch anticipation, triple buffering extended vsync
timing
• Includes features like enhanced accessibility, bi
directional text, expandable notifications
• High resolution Google+ contact photos
• One-finger gestures to expand/collapse
notifications

15. Features
• The features present in android mobiles are:
– Application framework
– Dalvik virtual machine
– Integrated browser
– Optimized graphics
– SQLite
– Media support
– GSM Telephony
– Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G and Wi-Fi
– Camera, GPS, compass
– Rich development environment

16. Android Architecture
• The major components of android operating system
are:
– Applications
– Application Framework
– Libraries
– Android Runtime
– Linux Kernel

17. Architecture

18. Applications
• Android will sail with a set of core applications
– E-mail client
– SMS program
– Calendar
– Maps
– Browser
– Contacts
• All these applications are written using Java
programming language

19. Application framework
• Open development platform
• Ability to build extremely rich and innovative
applications
• Designed to simplify the reuse of components:
– Any application can publish its capabilities and any other
application can make use of those applications
• The set of services and systems :
– Views
– Content providers
– Resource manager
– Notification manager
– Activity manager

20. Libraries
• Android includes set of C/C++ libraries
• The core libraries are
– System C Library
– Media Libraries
– Surface Manager
– Lib Web Core
– SGL
– 3D Libraries
– Free Type
– SQLite

21. Android Runtime
• Runs on its own process, with its own instance of the
Dalvik virtual machine
• Device can run multiple virtual machines efficiently
• Executes files in Dalvik Executable(.dex) format
• VM is register based and runs classes complied by
Java
• Dalvik VM relies on Linux kernel for functionality
such as threading and low-level memory
management

22. Linux Kernel
• Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for systems :
– Security
– Memory management
– Process management
– Network stack
– Driver model
• Kernel acts as abstraction layer between the hardware
and the software stack

23. Description
• Android is primarily designed for smart phones and
tablets
• The open and customizable nature of OS allows it to
use on other electronics like
– Laptops
– Netbooks
– Smartbooks
– Ebook readers
– Smart TV’s(Google TV)

24. Description Cont.
• The OS has seen niche applications on
– Wristwatches
– Headphones
– Car CD
– DVD players
– Smart Glasses
– Refrigerators
• Android Green is the color of Android Robot that
represents the Android operating systems

25. Interface
• Android’s user interface is based on direct
manipulation
• Touch inputs that correspond to actions like
– Swiping
– Tapping
– Pinching
– Reverse pinching
• The response to user input is immediate and
provides a fluid touch interface

26. Interface Cont.
• Android devices boot to the home screen
• It is made up of app icons and widgets
• Home screen is made up off several pages that the
user can swipe back and fourth between

27. Applications
• Development in Java language using Android
Software Development Kit
• They are acquired by end-users through app stores
– Google Play
– Amazon Appstore
• The Play store application allows user to browse,
download and update the apps
• At June 2012, there were more than 600,000 apps
available for android
• The operating system itself is installed by 400 million
devces

28. Security and Privacy
• Android applications run in a ‘sandbox’
• Before installing an application, the Play Store
displays all the required permissions
• Sandboxing weakens the impact of vulnerabilities
and bugs in the applications
• There are many anti-virus software Android devices
such as
– Look-out mobile security
– AVG Technologies
– McAfee
• The smart phones have the ability to report the
location of Wi-Fi access points

29. Android Mobile Phones
• Android phones are the top choices for mobile users
• The best android mobile phones are:
– Samsung Galaxy S III
– HTC One X
– Motorola Droid Razr Maxx
– Google Nexus One
– Archos 5 Internet

30. Samsung Galaxy S3
• Is hardware savvy gadget
• Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
• Dual core processor
• 8MP Camera
• S Beam transfers

31. HTC One X
• Features of HTC One X
• Big, bright 4.7-inch screen
• 4G LTE data speeds
• Ice Cream Sandwich
• Sense 4

32. Motorola Droid Razr Maxx
• Features
– 1.2GHz dual-core processor
– 4G LTE data speeds
– Super AMOLED Advanced capacitive touch
screen, 16M colors

33. Google Nexus One
• Display – 3.70 inches, 480 x 800 pixels, Color,
AMOLED Captivities Touchscreen
• Processor – 1 GHz processor
• Internal/External Memory – 512 MB RAM / 512
MB ROM, microSD/microSDHC
• Battery – Li – Ion, 1400 mAh
• Standby Time – Up to 290 hours
• Talk Time – Up to 7 hours

34. Archos 5 Internet
• Display – 4.8-inch Touchscreen display 800 x 480-
pixel resolution
• Processor – 800 Mhz
• Internal/External Memory – Internal Storage Available
in 8 GB and 16GB*
• Battery life – 22 hours audio, 7 hours video
• Connectivity – 802.11b/g/n wireless, Bluetooth, GPS

35. Queries??

36. Thank You!!