This document provides an overview of restoration in Peru through a historical lens. It discusses: 1. Pre-Inca civilizations that inhabited Peru thousands of years ago and left architectural ruins. 2. The Inca Empire that ruled Peru from the 13th to 16th century and built elaborate structures like Machu Picchu. 3. The Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century and the introduction of Catholicism. 4. The development of architecture and cities during the Spanish Viceroyalty that blended Inca and Spanish influences. 5. Current challenges around preserving Peru's cultural heritage in the face of natural disasters, development pressures, and lack of resources. The document outlines Peru

1. EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
Héctor Abarca Torres
Lublin, 2010

2. GEOGRAPHY
0 0- 500 500-2300 2300-3500 3500-4000 4000-4800 4800-6687 100-400 400-80

3. RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
HISTORICAL REVIEW
The biggest thing after the creation of the world (..) is the discovering of the Indies, and they call them New
World; and, not that wrong, it is new because it was found again, and is vast and almost as big as the old…
It also can be called new because all their things are so much different than ours
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, General History of the Indies, Zaragoza, 1552
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

4. THE NEW LAWS
PRE-INKA CIVILIZATIONS
7,000 b.C.
1. Chavin Temple, Chavin Culture (X a IV b. C.), Ancash
2. Kuelap Temple, Chachapoyas Culture (900-1470), Amazonas
3 & 4. House Model Pottery Artwork, Chimu Culture (1100-1470),
5. Chanchan Citade, Chimu Culture
6. Mud Relief in Chanchan Citadel, Chimu Culture

5. THE NEW LAWS
THE INKAS
XIII - XVI c.
1. Machu Picchu, Cuzco
2. Coricancha (Temple of the Sun),
Cuzco City
3. Capac Nam (The Inka Road)
4. Choquekirao, Cuzco
5. Puruchuco, Lima

6. THE NEW LAWS
THE INKAS
XIII - XVI c.
1. Fortress of Saqsaywaman, Cuzco
2. Fortress of Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley of Cuzco
3. Temple of Pachacamac, Lima
4. Palace of the Inca Hayna Capac, Cuzco City
5. The Stone of the 12 angles, Cuzco City Center
6. Temple of Viracocha, Raqchi, Cuzco,

7. THE CONQUEST OF PERU
1. General Archive of Indies, Juan de Mijares, 1584-98, Seville
2. The Conquest of Peru, Our Lady of Mercy Church, Cuzco
3. The New Laws, 1542
4. St. James Indian Slayer, Cuzco School of Painting
5. Chapel of House of Trade of Indies The Virgin of the
Navigators, Alejo Fernandez, 1531–36, Seville

8. THE NEW LAWS
SPANISH GOLDEN AGE
1. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, El Greco, Toledo
2. Seville, Alonso Sanchez Coello.
3. Phillip II of Spain, Alonso Sanchez Coello, 1557
4. Saint Dominic of Guzman, Juan Martinez Montanez,1606
Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
5. Life is a Dream, Caldron de la Barca

9. THE BLACK LEGEND
1. Potosi. In Search of the Light and freedom,
Oswaldo Guayasamin, Quito
2. Theodore de Bry, Regionum Indicarum per
Hispanos quodam Devastatarum Verissima,
Frankfurt , 1598
3. Auto de Fe (Detail), Francisco Ricci (1683) King
Charles II attend auto de fe from a balcony in
Madrid's Plaza Mayor on 30 June 1680
4. The Encounter, Museum of the City of Quito
5. Spain builds castles in the air, Britain makes
commerce her care, 1740) in the War of Jenkins'
Ear. Vernon 1740
6. A native parishioner is beaten to death for
defending unmarried Andean women and maidens
from the lascivious priest

10. THE NEW LAWS
1. Commemorative canvas of the
request to the Inka Don Carlos II King
of Spain to allow the Inka nobility into
the Holy Office of Inquisition, Lima
2. Union of the Imperial Inca offspring
with the Loyola and Borja House,
Cuzco School, 1718,
3. Inca Yupanki with the Coat or Arms
of Carlos V, Archive on Indies,
Seville
4. Succession of the inkas or Kings of
Peru, Cathedral of Lima
5. The irascible parish priest raises the
sword against a Spanish
soldier, New Chronicle and Good
Government, Guaman Poma De
Ayala, 1615, Copenhaguen

11. THE NEW LAWS
TRANSCULTURIZATION
1. Procession of the Corpus of
Christi in St. Anne (Detail),
Diego Quispe Tito, c. 1680,
Cuzco
2. Confessionary for priest
of Indians, Lima 1585
3. Trilingual Catechism for the
instructions of the Indians for
the Provincial Council of Lima
of 1553, Lima 1554
4. Lexicon of the Quechua
Language, Valladolid 1580
5. Vocabulary of the Aymara
Language, Juli 1612
6. Art and Vocabulary of the
Guarani Language, Madrid,
1640
7. Catechism of the Guarani
Language, 1540
8. The priest's Quechua sermon
We cannot strip out the brings to sleep parishioners,
Indians their language, it is Chronicle and Good
better, and more reasonable, Government, Guaman Poma
de Ayala, 1615,Copenhaguen
that us to learn theirs

12. THE NEW LAWS
TRANSCULTURIZATION
1. St. Toribio of Mogrovejo, 2nd. Bishop of Lima,
Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Madrid
2. Apparition of the Virgin Mary to the Inka
in the Siege of Cuzo, 1570,
3. Town in the Andes
3. Last Supper with Guinea pig and Chicha wine,
4. Percentage of Native Population in the Americas

13. THE NEW LAWS OF PERU
VICEROYALTY

14. RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
BUILT HERITAGE
(Pizarro) does not conquered us but the men of the Inca Empire who are our cooper-skinned ancestors.
We descend form the winners and the losers, but we are neither winners nor losers.
We are the result of that encounter. We can be Indegenists o Hispanists.
The Peruanism unites, heals; the Indigenism and Hispanism badly understood divides, tears us apart.
Our obligation is to integrate not disintegrate us
Jose Antonio del Busto
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

15. ARCHITECTURE
1. Monastery of St. Catherine,
Arequipa
2. Sevilian tiles of the Cloister of the
Monastery of St. Dominic, Lima
3. Monastery of St. Dominic over the
Temple of the Sun, Cuzco
4. Cupola of the Jesuit Church,
Arequipa
5. Cathedral of Lima
6. Monastery of St. Francis of Assisi,
Lima

16. ARCHITECTURE
1. Conde de Superunda St., Lima
2. Mudejar cupola at the Monastery of
St. Francis of Assisi, Lima
3. House in Trujillo
4. Torre Tagle Palace, Lima
5. St. James Apostle Church, Lampa, Puno
6. Façade detail of the St. Augustine Church, Lima

17. RURAL HERITAGE
1. Church of Maras, Cuzco
2. Church of St. John the Baptist over the
Temple of the Sun, Vilcashuaman,
Ayacucho
3. Church of St. Christopher, Rapaz, Lima
4. Church of St. Anthony, Lanchas, Lima
5. Church in Cuzco

18. STATE OF THE BUILT HERITAGE
1. House in Francisco Pizarro St.,, Lima
2. Church of the St. Cross, Juli
3. Jesuit Church after the 2007
Earthquake, Pisco
4. Church of Our Lady of Rosary,
Yauca, Ica
5. Shopping Center above Palace of Inca
Pachacutec, Cuzco
6. Church Hermitage of Barranco, Lima
6. St. Joseph Church, Nazca
3. Birth House of St. Martin of Porres,
Callao St, Lima

19. RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
BACKGROUND & LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

20. THE NEW LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
THE CULTURAL HERITAGE
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION
“property has to be used in harmony with the social interest
and it can be Confiscated only for reasons of public
only need and use“
CIVIL CODE
“land property is subject to the requirements and
limitations of the respective dispositions“
ORGANIC LAW OF MUNICIPALITIES
“in topics related to land use, housing and collective safety,
the city halls are entitled among other actions, to regulate
new construction and alterations, demolish buildings,
promote the health and safety of urban and overcrowded areas,
renew non-habitable urban areas, preserve heritage buildings
and sites listed as historical and artistic heritage,
control the progressive clearing of unsafe areas subject
to hazard and destruction in detriment of its occupants“

21. TIMELINE
Victor Pimentel, Peruvian architect
Venice Charter, 1964 Invited as a signee
The Deliberant Board of Lima, 1964 First Inventory of Built
Heritage in Lima
National Institute of Culture, 1972 Conservation gets institutionalism
Adaptation to International theories
Private institution promoting
The Council of Lima, 1980 education campaigns to foster
Patronato de Lima the benefits of the conservation
Comprehensive Inventory of
Ford Foundation , 1984 Built Heritage of Lima from
Antiquity to Modern Movement

22. TIMELINE
Chan Chan, 1986 Cultural
Chavin, 1985 (Archeological)
Sacred City of Caral, 2009 Sites
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca, 1994
City of Cusco, 1983 Cultural
Historic centre of Lima, 1988 (Historical)
Historic centre of Arequipa, 2000 sites
UNESCO, World Heritage Sites
Huascaran National Park, 1985 Natural
Manu National Park, 1987 Sites
Rio Abiseo National Park, 1990
Mixed
Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, 1983
Sites
Workshop School of Lima Vocational Schools throughout
Escuela Taller de Lima Peru to learn traditional trades
New Wonder of the Modern World Macchu Pichu
Ministry of Culture, 2010

23. THE NEW LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Ley General del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación. no. 24047
General law of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation
It is understood as cultural good part of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation
to every expression of the human task –material or immaterial- that by its importance,
value and paleontological, archaeological, architectural, historical, artistic,
military, social, anthropological or intellectual meaning.
• 100,000 sites, counting only the archeological
• 1.8 millions of foreign visitors (2006), 80% are cultural tourists.
• Foreign tourists are only 28% of the sector
Cultural Asset • Constant annual growth of 16% since 1993
• Tourism is an industry of US$ 1,545,000,000 (2006).
• Second source of hard currency
• Employs 13% of the workforce

24. THE NEWHERITAGE SITES
WORLD LAWS
No specific legislation exists besides the
Convention of the World Heritage Sites
and the documents for the own management
Every human activity carried out within should follow
Peruvian World the parameters defined by its respective Master Plan,
Plan of Management, or Plan of Public Use aimed
Heritage Sites
to preserve the Exceptional Universal Value of
the place, as well as its authenticity and integrity.
UNESCOS’s Convention for the Protection of cultural
and Natural Heritage has character of National Law
Issuance of Management Documentation
Ministry of Culture National Institute of
Natural Resources
Cultural Heritage Mixed Cultural & Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage

25. THE NEW LAWS
MONUMENT
1. Monument Every built structure that has a cultural, historical, and
Monumento social value. It goes from the isolated architectonic
creation to the urban or rural site. This comprehend
not only great creations but also humble work,
that with the time, have acquired a cultural meaning.
By its architectonic, historic, artistic, technological,
scientific, symbolic, Traditional value have to be
preserved, totally or partially
4.983 monuments listed in the Colonial &
Republican (Historical) Built Cultural Heritage List
2. Monumental Zone Sectors or neighborhoods of the city whose
Zona Monumental physiognomy should be conserved because:
•Possess an overall environmental urban value.
•Possess historical-artistic value.
•Has a substantial number of monuments and/or
monumental urban areas.
60 monuments areas have been recognized
throughout the country

26. THE NEW LAWS
MONUMENTS
3. Monumental Urban Urban spaces (plazas, small squares, streets, etc.)
Environments whose physiognomy and elements have an
Ambientes Urbano overall urban value, they should be
Monumentales conserved total or partially
386 monumental urban environments
have been recognized throughout the country
4. Property of Buildings that according to the Building Code
Monumental Value posses architectonic and artistic value
Inmueble de valor but are not necessarily listed as Built Heritage
monumental
The degree of protection is given to every project individually.
Free assessment is given to Owner when related to small works and to
Architects to speed up the Building Permit process

27. THE NEW LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047
General law for the protection of the National Heritage
By-Laws and protocols for :
•protective actions,
•conservation,
Public Institutions & Municipalities •administration,
•control,
•revalorization and
•development of historical/monumental centers and sites
Develop an Action plan for: rehabilitation :
•Recuperation
Technical Office
•retrofitting
Municipalities
•un-hovelling
•improve habitability, health and safety, and
•structural upgrade
Official list of buildings To avoid:
under municipal protection presented •empirical, irregular and clandestine interventions
before the Ministry of Culture to the structures and architectonic elements
•Increase of precarity
Ministry of Culture Designation is record in Property Deeds
Heritage Inventory and The Office of Heritage Control reviews all the projects
Cadastre Office Only PROLIMA issues Building Permits

28. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047
General law for the protection of the National Heritage
works can be done cooperatively under owner/tenant
agreements supervised by the municipality
city can cover the costs at owners/tenet expense
owners obligations building permit fees are exempted
to do improvements
Tenants can set associations to make possible the future
transfer of property taking into account that the current
conditions of decay do not allow the process of
subdivision and strata until its final rehabilitation
Buildings are not subject to legal actions
for eviction due to inhabitability

29. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
The Getty Institute
World Monument Fund
Catholic University
Sedes Sapietiae
Archbishopric of Lima
Foreign Universities
Catholic University
Sedes Sapietiae Other Donors
Steering Committee Funding
Cultural Asset
Political support Technical support
Local Dioceses Ministry of Culture
Heritage Board
Local Municipality
we invite the Mayor to the
Opening ceremony in exchange
of speeding up permits and
condoning fees

30. RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
UNDERTAKEN PROJECTS
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

31. SUCCESSFUL STORIES
CASSINELLI
BALCONY,
Late XIX c.

32. SUCCESSFUL STORIES
ST. PETER OF
CARABAYLLO, 1571

33. SUCCESSFUL STORIES
ST. PETER OF CARABAYLLO, 1571

34. SUCCESSFUL STORIES
Choral Ensemble Lima Triumphante
ST. LIBERATA
CHURCH, 1716

35. RESTORATION IN PERU
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
THE SITE
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010
Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

36. THE NEW LAWS
LIMA, 1748
Proprietorship
Archbishopric of Lima
Rimac District or
Welfare Society of Lima
Under the Bridge
University of St. Mark

37. LIMA, WORLD HERITAGE SITE
THE NEW LAWS
VICEROYAL LAYOUT, XVI-XIX c.
NEW ROAD DESIGN OVER EXISTING XIX, XX c.
OPENING OF STREETS (CHANGE OF THE ORIGINA SCHEME), XX c.
WIDENING OF STREETS, XX c.
AREA DESIGNATED AS WORLD HERITAGE

38. THE NEW LAWS
THE RIMAC
THE VALLEY OF LIMA

39. THE NEW LAWS
ANALISYS
LOST OF NATIONAL HEIRLOOM
DECAY OF TANGIBLE
CULTURAL ASSESTS LOST OF UNESCO SUPPORT
OF THE RIMAC DISTRICT
THE CULTURAL ASSESTS OF THE RIMAC DISTRICT
ARE UNDER THE RISK TO BE LOST
THE NEIGHBOURS DO NOT ARTWORK BUILDINGS IN RISK
CAOTHIC GROWTH
RECOGNISE THEIR ENDANGERED OF COLLAPSE
CULTURAL CAPITAL
LOW BENEFITS
FROM TOURISM
LACK OF PROMOTION NO NETWORK DRUG- ILLICIT NOT WELL NOT CONSERVATION
NOT PROTECTED
NOBODY LOVES WHAT OF TOURISTIC DEALING TRAFFIC CARED AND PROJECTS
BY-LAW
THEY DON’T KNOW SERVICES / THIEVES OF ART DISPLAYED UNDERTAKEN
NOT DESIGNATED
LACK OF SECURITY NATIONAL
HERITAGE
WEAK NATIONAL
LACK OF PRIVATE
CULTURAL LACK OF LOCAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONS
BUREOCRACY IN
NOT ECONOMIC UNCLEAR CULTURAL NO POWER
BUILDING LOW BUDGET
BENEFICTS POLICY OF DECISION
PERMIT FLOW

40. THE NEW LAWS
THE RIMAC, 2010