scalp blood supply of scalp innervation of scalp lymphatic drainage of scalp

1. The scalp
Dr. Haydar Muneer Salih
B.D.S., F.I.B.M.S.

2. SCALP is define as the soft tissue covering
the vault of skull

3. Extent of SCALP

4. Extent of SCALP
Anterior : Supraciliary arches.
Posterior : External occipital
protuberance and superior nuchal
lines.
Lateral : Zygomatic arch and upper
border of external acoustic meatus, on
each side.

5. Layers of SCALP
The soft tissues of the
scalp are arranged
in five layers:
S : Skin
C : Connective tissue
A : Aponeurosis
L : Loose areolar
tissue
P : Periosteum

6. S
Skin: Skin of the scalp is thick and richly
supplied with hairs, sweat glands and
sebaceous glands. It has about 1,200,000 hairs.

7. C
Connective tissue:
• subcutaneous tissue consists of lobules
of fat bounded in tough fibrous septae
which form a very dense network. It is
adherent to the skin above and to the
underlying aponeurosis.
• Blood vessels of the scalp lie in this
layer.

8. Connective tissue:

9. A
Aponeurotic layer: it is asheet-like tendinous
expansion serving to connect muscles togather
It is formed by the aponeurosis of occipito-
frontalis muscle over the dome of the skull.

10. Aponeurotic layer :

11. The fibers from both the bellies are inserted
into a central fibrous layer known as the
Galea aponeurotica

12. L
Loose areolar tissue:
• It lies beneath the aponeurotic layer and
accounts for the mobility of scalp on the
underlying bone.
• It is limited posteriorly up to the posterior
attachment of occipitofrontalis muscle
but anteriorly it continues below the
muscle over the forehead till the eyebrows.

13. Loss Connective Tissue

14. P
Periosteum: It is the Peri-cranium covering
the skull bones and is adherent at the
suture-lines of the skull.

15. S C A L P

16. Arterial and venous supply of SCALP

17. Arterial supply
In front of the ear: Three in number:
1. Supra trochlear artery, branch of
ophthalmic artery.
2. Supra orbital artery, branch of
ophthalmic artery.
3. Superficial temporal artery, branch of
external carotid artery.

19. Arterial supply
Behind the ear: Two in number:
1. Posterior auricular artery, branch of
external carotid artery.
2. Occipital artery, branch of external
carotid artery.

22. Venous drainage
The veins accompany arteries and form an
interconnecting network over the scalp. They
are:
1. Supratrochlear and supraorbital veins: They
join to form the angular vein at the medial
angle of eye and further continue as the
facial vein.
2. Superficial temporal vein: It forms the
retromandibular vein after joining with
maxillary vein.

23. Venous drainage
3. Posterior auricular vein: It joins the
posterior division of rectromandibular
vein and forms the external jugular vein.
4. Occipital vein: Terminates into
suboccipital plexus of veins.

25. These are veins that connect the
intracranial dural venous sinuses to the
external veins of the scalp and face.
Emissary veins of scalp are:
1. Parietal and mastoid emissary veins
which connects occipital vein to sagittal
and sigmoid sinuses respectively.
2. Emissary vein from facial vein to
cavernous sinus.

26. Emissary veins

27. Lymphatic drainage
1. Pre-auricular lymph nodes: These drain
anterior part of scalp, except an area
below the centre of forehead.
2. Post auricular lymph nodes: These
drain posterior part of scalp.
3. Occipital lymph nodes: A part of
posterior aspect of scalp is drained by
these nodes also.

28. Lymphatic
Drainage

29. Nerve supply
1. Sensory supply: Each half of the scalp is
supplied by 8 sensory nerves.
In front of the ear: These are four in
number. All are branches of the
trigeminal nerve.
1. Supratrochlear nerve
2. Supraorbital nerve
3. Zygomaticotemporal nerve
4. Auriculotemporal nerve

31. Nerve supply
Behind the ear: These are also four in
number and arise from the cervical
plexus.
5. Great auricular nerve (C2, 3)
6. Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
7. Greater occipital nerve (C2)
8. Third occipital nerve (C3)

34. Nerve supply
2. Motor supply: Each half of the scalp is
supplied by branches of facial nerve.
a. Temporal branch of facial nerve:
Supplies the frontal belly of
occipitofrontalis muscle.
b. Posterior auricular branches of the facial
nerve: Supplies the occipital belly of
occipito-frontalis muscle.

36. Clinical Notes

37. Sebaceous cysts

38. Sebaceous cysts

39. Keratin horns

41. Q: 1
Define number 1 ?
Define number 2 ?

42. Q: 2

43. Q: 3

44. Q: 4