Anatomy of male genital organs

1. Male genital organs
Dr. Mohamed Elfiky
Professor of anatomy and embryology

2. Prostate
Structure : a fibro-musculo- glandular organ consisting of
fibrous tissue , smooth muscles & glandular tissue.
Shape : inverted cone having a broad base directed
upwards & an apex directed downwards.
Site: lies 2 cm. behind the lower border of symphysis pubis
& in front of ampulla of rectum, below the neck of urinary
bladder. Surfaces: it has:
(1) Abase: directed upwards.
(2) An apex: directed downwards (3) Ant. surface.
(4) Post. surface.
(5) 2 inferolateral surfaces.
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3. Prostatic urethra
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4. Relations
(1) Base: surrounds the neck of urinary bladder & pierced by the
urethra.
(2) Apex: lies on the pelvic fascia. The urethra emerges from the
anterior surface just above the apex.
(3) Post. surface: lies in direct contact with ampulla of rectum & the
2 ejaculatory ducts pierce its upper part.
(4) Ant. surface: lies 2 cm. behind the lower part of symphysis pubis
& separated from it by retro-pubic fat & venous plexus. Its upper
part gives attachment to the pubo- prostatic ligaments
(5) Infero-lateral surfaces: are related to the anterior part of levator
ani muscle on each side (levator prostate m.) & separated from the
muscle by a plexus of veins.
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5. Lobes of the prostate
The prostate consists of 5 lobes: ant., post., median, Rt. lat. & Lt. lat.
(1) Median lobe (small):
lies behind the prostatic urethra & bounded on each side by ejaculatory duct.
It projects upwards & forwards inside the bladder just behind the internal urethral
meatus to form the uvula of the bladder.
(2) Rt. & Lt. lateral lobes ( major part of the gland):
They lie one on each side of the prostatic urethra.
They are continuous together behind the lower part of the prostatic urethra.
(3) Anterior lobe (isthmus):
A band of fibro-muscular tissue devoid of glandular tissue, lying ant. to the prostatic
urethra & connects the Rt. & Lt. lobes together.
( 4 ) posterior lobe : lying posterior to the prostatic urethra .
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6. Capsules of the prostate
(1) True capsule: thin fibrous sheath forming the outermost
part of the prostate.
(2) False capsule (prostatic sheath): is a fibrous sheath derived
form the pelvic fascia and continuous:
- Anteriorly with the pubo-prostatic ligaments.
- Posteriorly with the recto-vesical fascia of Denonvillier.
- Inferiorly with the pelvic fascia (roof of the deep perineal pouch).
N.B: 1- On each side of the prastate, the false & true capsules are
separated from each other by the prostatic venous plexus which
receives the deep dorsal vein of penis.
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7. Blood Supply
Arterial Supply: branches from
(1) Internal pudendal a.
(2) Inferior vesical a.
(3) Middle rectal a.
Venous drainage : into the prostatic plexus of veins
which lies between the true & false capsules on each
side. This venous plexus also receives the deep dorsal
vein of the penis.
Lymphatic drainage: into external & internal iliac L.Ns.
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8. TESTIS
• The testes (testicles) are the male gonads—paired ovoid reproductive glands that produce sperms
(spermatozoa) and male hormones, primarily testosterone The testes are suspended in the scrotum by
the spermatic cords, with the left testis usually suspended (hanging) more inferiorly than the right
testis.
• The surface of each testis is covered by the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis, except where the
testis attaches to the epididymis and spermatic cord. The tunica vaginalis is a closed peritoneal sac
partially surrounding the testis, which represents the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processus
vaginalis.
• The slit-like recess of the tunica vaginalis, the sinus of the epididymis, is between the body of the
epididymis and the posterolateral surface of the testis.
• The testes have a tough fibrous outer surface, the tunica albuginea,
• fibrous septa extend inward between lobules of minute but long and
• The seminiferous tubules highly coiled in which the sperms are produced are joined by straight tubules
to the rete testis (L. rete, a net), a network of canals in the mediastinum of the testis. Mohamed el fiky

9. Blood supply of the testes
The long testicular arteries arise from the anterolateral aspect
of the abdominal aorta just inferior to the renal arteries . They
pass retroperitoneally (posterior to the peritoneum) in an
oblique direction, crossing over the ureters and the inferior
parts of the external iliac arteries to reach the deep inguinal
rings. They enter the inguinal canals through the deep rings,
pass through the canals, exit them through the superficial
inguinal rings, and enter the spermatic cords to supply the
testes. The testicular artery or one of its branches anastomoses
with the artery of the ductus deferens.
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10. Venous drainage of testes
• The veins emerging from the testis and epididymis form the
pampiniform venous plexus, a network of 8–12 veins lying
anterior to the ductus deferens and surrounding the testicular
artery in the spermatic cord . The pampiniform plexus is part of
the thermoregulatory system of the testis (along with the
cremasteric and dartos muscles) helping to keep this gland at a
constant temperature. The veins of each pampiniform plexus
converge superiorly, forming a right testicular vein, which
enters the inferior vena cava (IVC), and a left testicular vein,
which enters the left renal vein. Mohamed el fiky

11. The lymphatic drainage of the testis
• The lymphatic drainage of the testis follows the
testicular artery and vein to the right and left
lumbar (caval/aortic) and preaortic lymph
nodes
• The autonomic nerves of the testis arise as the testicular
plexus of nerves on the testicular artery, which contains
vagal parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers and
sympathetic fibers from the T7 segment of the spinal cord.
Nerve supply of the testis
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12. Mohamed el fiky

13. EPIDIDYMIS
• The epididymis is an elongated structure on the posterior surface of the testis .
Efferent ductules of the testis transport newly developed sperms to the
epididymis from the rete testis. The epididymis is formed by minute
convolutions of the duct of the epididymis, so tightly compacted that they
appear solid . The duct becomes progressively smaller as it passes from the
head of the epididymis on the superior part of the testis to its tail. At the tail of
the epididymis, the ductus deferens begins as the continuation of the
epididymal duct. In the lengthy course of this duct, the sperms are stored and
continue to mature.
The epididymis consists of the:
• Head of the epididymis: the superior expanded part that is composed of
lobules formed by the coiled ends of 12–14 efferent ductules.
• Body of the epididymis: consists of the convoluted duct of the epididymis.
• Tail of the epididymis: continuous with the ductus deferens, the duct that
transports the sperms from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct for
expulsion via the urethra during ejaculation .
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14. Mohamed el fiky

15. Vas deferens
It is a cord like tube with very thick wall and very narrow lumen
Begins: in the scrotum as a continuation to the tail of the epididymis.
Ends: in the pelvis by joining the duct of the seminal vesicle to from the
ejaculatory duct which opens into the prostatic urethra.
Characters:
1- It is 45 cm. long.
2- It is a firm cord-like structure having a thick muscular wall & a
Course & relations:
A. In the scrotum: it ascends behind the testis along the med. side of the
epididymis.
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
testis
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16. (B) In the inguinal canal: it enters the superficial inguinal ring, runs
among the constituents of the spermatic cord (post. in position), then it
leaves the spermatic cord at the deep inguinal ring & hooks around the
inf. epigastric a.
(C) In the pelvis: it curve around the inferior epigasteric artery then
descends along the lateral wall crossing the extrernal iliac vessels ,
lateral umbilical ligament , obturator nerve and vessels .
(D) At the base of the urinary bladder : it crosses in front of the ureter ,
bends downwards at an acute angle to form the dilated ampulla which
lies behind the base of the bladder and medial to the seminal vesicle .
at the base of the prostate it narrows , joins the duct of seminal vesicle
forming the ejaculatory duct
Arterial supply : : artery of vas . it arise from either superior or inferior
vesical artery .
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17. Seminal vesicle
Are 2 sacculated pouches (5 cm if coiled , 15 cm if uncoiled ) situated
on the back of urinary bladder lateral to the vas deferens . the lower
end of each one joins the duct of vas deferens to form the ejaculatory
duct . Their upper ends are blind and lies just below the termination of
the arteries .
Ejaculatory ducts
About 2 cm in length . they enter the upper part of the posterior
surface of the prostate and descend along the side of the median lobe
to open in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra at the seminal
colliculus .
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18. Bulbo- urethral gland ( Cowper' s gland )
Are 2 small oval glands one cm in diameter lying
in the deep perineal pouch along the sides of
the membranous urethra . their ducts 3 cm in
length and pierce the perineal membrane (see
perineum ) and bulb of penis to open in the
intrabulbar fossa of the penile urethra .
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19. Spermatic Cord
Definition : It is the group of structures (vas deferens, vessels, nerves &
lymphatics ) dragged by the testis as it descends into the scrotum.
Site : it extends from the deep inguinal ring to the lower end of the testis
lying partly in the inguinal canal & partly in the scrotum.
Relations:
Inside the inguinal canal :
Anteriorly: the ant. wall of the canal.
Posteriorly : the post. wall of the canal.
Superiorly : the roof of the canal.
Inferiorly: the floor of the canal and ilio-inguinal nerve.
Outside the inguinal canal:
Anteriorly : skin, fascia & superficial external pudendal a.
- Posteriorly : tendon of adductor longus & deep ext. pudendal artery.
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20. Coverings of the spermatic cord
The spermatic cord has 3 coverings arranged from outside
inwards as follow:
1) Internal spermatic fascia: (the innermost coat): is derived
from the fascia transversalis & is prolonged over the spermatic
cord at the deep inguinal ring.
(2) Cremasteric muscle & fascia : (the middle coat): is derived
from the internal oblique muscle & is prolonged over the cord as
it passes below the lower arching fibres of internal oblique
muscle.
(3) External spermatic fascia : (the outermost coat): is derived
from the external oblique aponeurosis & is prolonged over the
cord at the superficial inguinal ring.
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21. Coverings of the Spermatic Cord (the Spermatic Fasciae)
• The coverings of the spermatic cord are three concentric
layers of fascia derived from the layers of the anterior
abdominal wall.
■ External spermatic fascia derived from the external
oblique aponeurosis and attached to the margins of the
superficial inguinal ring
■ Cremasteric fascia derived from the internal oblique
muscle
■ Internal spermatic fascia derived from the fascia
transversalis and attached to the margins of the deep
inguinal ring
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22. Spermatic Cord
• The spermatic cord is a collection of structures that pass through the inguinal canal to
and from the testis (Fig. 4.21). It begins at the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior
epigastric artery and ends at the testis.
Structures of the Spermatic Cord (The structures are as follows):
■ Vas deferens
■ Arteries : testicular artery , artery of vas and cremasteric artery
■ Testicular veins (pampiniform plexus)
■ Testicular lymph vessels
■ Autonomic nerves
■ Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (cremasteric nerve )
■ Remains of the processus vaginalis
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23. Constituents of the spermatic cord
A. 3 structures :
(1) Vas deferens.
(2) Pampiniform plexus of veins. formed by several veins that drain the testis & epididymis (forms the
main bulk of the spermatic cord). At the deep inguinal ring, the veins of the plexus unite to form the
testicular vein. The Rt. testicular v. ends in the inf. vena cava (at acute angle). The Lt. testicular v. ends in
Lt. renal vein (at right angle).
(3) Lymphatic vessels. : They drain the testis & epididymis. They accompany the testicular vessels to the
abdomen. They end in the para-aortic lymph nodes alongside the abdominal aorta.
(B) 3 Arteries:
(1) Testicular artery (branch from abdominal aorta) : Arises from abdominal aorta opposite L3. Descends
on the post. Abdominal wall, enter the deep ring. & runs in the spermatic cord down to the testis. It
supplies the testis & anastomoses with the cremasteric a. & the artery of the vas.
(2) Artery of vas deferens (branch from inf. vesical artery) : Arises from inf. vesical a. (from internal iliac
a.) in the pelvis. It accompanies the vas deferens in the spermatic cord. It supplies the vas deferens & the
epididymis.
(3) Cremasteric artery (branch from inf. epigastric artery). Arises from inf. epigastric a. & accompanies the
spermatic cord and supplies its coverings.
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24. (C) 3 nerves :
(1) Sympathetic nerve fibres : Arise from the renal & aortic plexuses & surround the
testicular a . to reach the testis.
(2) Genital branch of genito-femoral nerve).
(3) Ilio-inguinal nerve : Arises from the lumbar plexus (L1). Enters the inguinal canal by
piercing its post. wall. Emerges from the superficial ring to supply the skin of the external
genitalia.
(D)Vestige of the processus vaginalis peritonei: It is a fibrous band representing the
obliterated processus vaginalis of the embryo (an embryonic duct traversing the inguinal
canal & connecting the peritoneal cavity above with the tunica vaginalis below).
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25. Cremaster muscle
• As the spermatic cord (or round
ligament of the uterus) passes under
the lower border of the internal
oblique, it carries with it some of the
muscle fibers that are called the
cremaster muscle.
• The cremasteric fascia is the term
used to describe the cremaster muscle
and its fascia.
• It takes its nerve supply from genital
branch of genitofemoral nerve .
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26. Definition : it is the male organ of micturition & copulation.
Parts:
(1) Root: it is the attached part of the penis, which is situated in the superficial perineal
pouch
(2) Body: It is the free portion which is completely enveloped in skin.
Structure: it is formed of erectile tissue and coverings.
(A) The erectile tissue : is formed of :
(1) corpus spongiosum:
- It is the forward continuation of the bulb of penis. it ends by a conical enlargement
called the glans penis. Throughout its whole extent it is traversed by the urethra.
(2) Two corpora cavernosa:
- They are the forward continuation of the crura of the penis .
- They lie in close apposition to each other & end under cover of the glans penis. Each
corpus cavernosus is traversed, through its whole length, by the deep artery of penis.
The penis corpus spongiosum
Two corpora cavernosa
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27. (B) Coverings:
(1) Skin: thin, elastic, devoid of hairs &
loosely attached to the underlying fascia.
(2) Superficial fascia : 2 layers:
(a) superficial layer of loose areolar tissue
devoid of fat.
(b) Deep membranous layer (fascia penis )
which envelops the 3 masses of erectile tissue.
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The penis

28. Mohamed el fiky
Crura of The Penis
Corpus Spongiosum
Corpus Cavernosum
1- The root of penis
Bulb of The Penis
Corpus Cavernosum
Corpus Spongiosum

29. Bulb of The Penis
Crura of The Penis
Corpus Spongiosum
Corpus Cavernosum
Glans of Penis
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Bulbospongiosus
Muscle
Ischiocavernosus
Muscle
1- Superficial Transverse Perinei
2- Muscles

30. Arterial supply: 3 branches from pudendal a.
(1) Deep a. of penis: runs in the corpus cavernosum & supplies its
erectile tissue.
(2) Dorsal a. of penis : runs on the dorsum of penis (beneath the fascia
penis) & supplies the glans penis.
(3) Artery of bulb: supplies the bulb & proximal 1/2 of corpus
spongiosus. N.B: the superficial ext. pudendal br. of femoral a. supplies
skin & fascia of penis
Venous drainage:
(1) Superficial dorsal v. of penis: runs on the dorsum of penis, in the
median plane (superficial to the fascia penis). It divides into 2 branches,
which Join the superficial ext. pudendal veins of the 2 sides.
(2) Deep dorsal v. of penis: runs on the dorsum of penis, in the median
plane (deep to the fascia penis).It passes through the gap between the
perineal membrane & the lower border of symphysis pubis to enter the
pelvis where it ends in the prostatic plexus of veins. Mohamed el fiky

31. Anterior scrotal artery
Arterial supplyVenous drainage
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32. Mohamed el fiky

33. Nerve supply of penis
(1) Sensory n. supply: dorsal n. of penis (br.
of the pubdendal n.) ilioinguinal n.
(2) Autonomic supply :
a. Parasympathetic ( erection ) . From the
pelvic splanchnic n. (52,3,4).
b. Sympathetic ( ejaculation ) : from the
pelvic plexus. Mohamed el fiky