ABSTRACT: Most of the engineering problems require high performance heat transfer components with progressively less weight, volumes, accommodating shapes and costs. Air cooled heat exchangers are subjected to air on outer side of heat exchanger surface on in heat recovery systems like economizers gases are subjected on one side of tube surface. On air or gas side heat transfer coefficient is less. Extended surface (fins) are one of the next exchanging devices that are employed extensively to increase heat transfer rates from tubular heat exchangers. The rate of heat transfer depends on the surface area of fin available for exchanging the heat transfer rate from the primary surface of cylindrical shape. Present study focuses on enhancement of heat transfer by using both circular and elliptical type of fins. The present paper attempts to examine trend of heat transfer coefficient experimentally and by using CFD software for various types of elliptical fins with i) varying elliptical ratio, ii) changing orientation of mounting of heat exchanger tube with elliptical fins, iii) varying spacing or fin density. KEY WORDS: Natural convection, Heat transfer enhancements, Elliptical fin, Fin orientation, Fin density.
Analysis of Coiled-Tube Heat Exchangers to Improve Heat Transfer Rate With Sp...IJMER
Steady heat transfer enhancement has been studied in helically coiled-tube heat exchangers. The outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger contains a helical corrugation which makes a helical rib on the inner side of the tube wall to induce additional swirling motion of fluid particles. Numerical calculations have been carried out to examine different geometrical parameters and the impact of flow and thermal boundary conditions for the heat transfer rate in laminar and transitional flow regimes. Calculated results have been compared to existing empirical formula and experimental tests to investigate the validity of the numerical results in case of common helical tube heat exchanger and additionally results of the numerical computation of corrugated straight tubes for laminar and transition flow have been validated with experimental tests available in the literature. Comparison of the flow and temperature fields in case of common helical tube and the coil with spirally corrugated wall configuration are discussed. Heat exchanger coils with helically corrugated wall configuration show 80–100% increase for the inner side heat transfer rate due to the additionally developed swirling motion while the relative pressure drop is 10–600% larger compared to the common helically coiled heat exchangers. New empirical Co-relation has been proposed for the fully developed inner side heat transfer prediction in case of helically corrugated wall configuration.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and experimental analysis of pipe in pipe heat exchangerIJMER
Pipe in pipe heat exchanger are used in industrial process to recover heat between two
process fluids. The project carried out design of pipe in pipe heat exchanger having tube with fin and
without fin. The fins were taken in the form of semi-circular type arranged in altenating way with
spacing of 50mm.The fins were only provided on the inner tube for creating turbulence of cold water.
The number of fin were 18 and its height and thickness 10 and 1.6mm respectively. Experiment were
performed for heat exchanger with fins and without fins. The experiment were performed for different
flow rates of hot and cold fluid Different parameters like Overall heat transfer,Nusselt
number,Convective heat transfer coefficient,Pressure drop,friction factor were obtained and compared
for simple inner tube and finned tube.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
experimental investigation of heat transfer intensification of pin fins under...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Recent development era in technology has huge requirement of high performance lightweight, and compact heat transfer equipment. To accomplish this demand fins are widely used as effective elements for heat transfer enhancement. One of the commonly used heat exchanger fins is the pin fin which offers an economical and trouble free solution in many situations. This is more important in cooling of air conditioning equipment, thermal power plants, gas turbine blade, aerospace industry, combustion chamber liners, and biomedical devices, electrical and electronic component. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system with pin fins and analyse the various influencing parameters on performance of pin fin of different geometry under force convection. The turbulence occurred due to these techniques are good enough to enhance heat transfer rate. This article is focused on comprehensive review of work carried out in this technology.
Analysis of Coiled-Tube Heat Exchangers to Improve Heat Transfer Rate With Sp...IJMER
Steady heat transfer enhancement has been studied in helically coiled-tube heat exchangers. The outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger contains a helical corrugation which makes a helical rib on the inner side of the tube wall to induce additional swirling motion of fluid particles. Numerical calculations have been carried out to examine different geometrical parameters and the impact of flow and thermal boundary conditions for the heat transfer rate in laminar and transitional flow regimes. Calculated results have been compared to existing empirical formula and experimental tests to investigate the validity of the numerical results in case of common helical tube heat exchanger and additionally results of the numerical computation of corrugated straight tubes for laminar and transition flow have been validated with experimental tests available in the literature. Comparison of the flow and temperature fields in case of common helical tube and the coil with spirally corrugated wall configuration are discussed. Heat exchanger coils with helically corrugated wall configuration show 80–100% increase for the inner side heat transfer rate due to the additionally developed swirling motion while the relative pressure drop is 10–600% larger compared to the common helically coiled heat exchangers. New empirical Co-relation has been proposed for the fully developed inner side heat transfer prediction in case of helically corrugated wall configuration.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and experimental analysis of pipe in pipe heat exchangerIJMER
Pipe in pipe heat exchanger are used in industrial process to recover heat between two
process fluids. The project carried out design of pipe in pipe heat exchanger having tube with fin and
without fin. The fins were taken in the form of semi-circular type arranged in altenating way with
spacing of 50mm.The fins were only provided on the inner tube for creating turbulence of cold water.
The number of fin were 18 and its height and thickness 10 and 1.6mm respectively. Experiment were
performed for heat exchanger with fins and without fins. The experiment were performed for different
flow rates of hot and cold fluid Different parameters like Overall heat transfer,Nusselt
number,Convective heat transfer coefficient,Pressure drop,friction factor were obtained and compared
for simple inner tube and finned tube.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
experimental investigation of heat transfer intensification of pin fins under...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Recent development era in technology has huge requirement of high performance lightweight, and compact heat transfer equipment. To accomplish this demand fins are widely used as effective elements for heat transfer enhancement. One of the commonly used heat exchanger fins is the pin fin which offers an economical and trouble free solution in many situations. This is more important in cooling of air conditioning equipment, thermal power plants, gas turbine blade, aerospace industry, combustion chamber liners, and biomedical devices, electrical and electronic component. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system with pin fins and analyse the various influencing parameters on performance of pin fin of different geometry under force convection. The turbulence occurred due to these techniques are good enough to enhance heat transfer rate. This article is focused on comprehensive review of work carried out in this technology.
In compact heat exchangers, thermal resistance is generally dominant on the air-side and may
account for 80% or more of the total thermal resistance. The air-side heat transfer surface area is 8 to
10 times larger than the water-side. Any improvement in the heat transfer on air-side therefore
improves the overall performance of the heat exchanger. Due to the high thermal resistance on the
air-side, the optimization of such fins is essential to increase the performance of the heat exchangers
which results in thermal systems enhancement. This helps to reduce CO2 emissions through a
reduction of mass and fuel consumption.
Optimization of louvered fin geometry in such heat exchangers is essential to increase the
heat transfer performance and reduce weight, packaging, and cost requirements. In this study deals
with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies of the interactions between the air flow and
louvered fins which equipped the automotive heat exchangers is carried out. 3D numerical
simulation results is obtained by using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 code and compared with
experimental data. Finally the effect of louver angle and louver pitch geometrical parameters, on
overall thermal hydraulic performances of louvered fins is studied.
Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of inward dimpled tubes with varia...CFD LAB
This paper presents a numerical investigation and assessment of thermal and hydraulic performance of dimpled
tubes of varying topologies at constant heat flux of 10 kW m2 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2300 to
15,000. The performance of the tubes consisting of conical, spherical and ellipsoidal dimples with equivalent
flow volumes were compared using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations. The ellipsoidal
dimples, in comparison to other dimple shapes, demonstrated large increment in heat transfer rate. The variation
in the orientation of the ellipsoidal dimples was examined to further improve thermal and hydraulic performances of the tube. A 45° inclination angle of ellipsoidal dimple, from its major axis, increased the thermohydraulic performance by 58.1% and 20.2% in comparison to smooth tube and 0° ellipsoidal dimpled tube,
respectively. Furthermore, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out to investigate the role geometrical
assistance to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement for the 45° and 90° ellipsoidal dimpled tubes. LES results
revealed a flow channel of connected zones of wakes which maximized fluid-surface contact and therefore
enhanced the thermal performance of the tube. In addition, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor
for all angular topologies of ellipsoidal dimpled tube have been proposed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangula...IJERA Editor
Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In
solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness
elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as
roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on
the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters
unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 300
and 600 is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10-3, Stanton number is 6-
14x10-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 450 apex
angle and least for the 600 plate.
Comparison of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using Theoretical Methods, HTRI, ...IJERA Editor
The aim of this article is to compare the design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with baffles. Baffles used in
shell and tube heat exchanger improve heat transfer and also result in increased pressure drop. Shell and tube
heat exchanger with single segmental baffles was designed with same input parameters using 1) Kern’s
theoretical method; 2) ASPEN simulation software and 3) HTRI simulation software 4) SOLIDWORKS
simulation software. Shell side pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are predicted. The results of all the
three methods indicated the results in a close range. The proven theoretical methods are in good agreement with
the simulation results
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Biodiesel, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption Honge, J...IJMER
Steady heat transfer enhancement has been studied in helically coiled-tube heat exchangers. The outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger contains a helical corrugation which makes a helical rib on the inner side of the tube wall to induce additional swirling motion of fluid particles. Numerical calculations have been carried out to examine different geometrical parameters and the impact of flow and thermal boundary conditions for the heat transfer rate in laminar and transitional flow regimes. Calculated results have been compared to existing empirical formula and experimental tests to investigate the validity of the numerical results in case of common helical tube heat exchanger and additionally results of the numerical computation of corrugated straight tubes for laminar and transition flow have been validated with experimental tests available in the literature. Comparison of the flow and temperature fields in case of common helical tube and the coil with spirally corrugated wall configuration are discussed. Heat exchanger coils with helically corrugated wall configuration show 80–100% increase for the inner side heat transfer rate due to the additionally developed swirling motion while the relative pressure drop is 10–600% larger compared to the common helically coiled heat exchangers. New empirical Co-relation has been proposed for the fully developed inner side heat transfer prediction in case of helically corrugated wall configuration.
Comparative Study and Analysis between Helical Coil and Straight Tube Heat Ex...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to determine the relative advantage of using a helically coiled heat exchanger against a straight tube heat exchanger. It is found that the heat transfer in helical circular tubes is higher as compared to Straight tube due to their shape. Helical coils offer advantageous over straight tubes due to their compactness and increased heat transfer coefficient. The increased heat transfer coefficients are a consequence of the curvature of the coil, which induces centrifugal forces to act on the moving fluid, resulting in the development of secondary flow. The curvature of the coil governs the centrifugal force while the pitch (or helix angle) influences the torsion to which the fluid is subjected to the centrifugal force results in the development of secondary flow. Due to the curvature effect, the fluid streams in the outer side of the pipe moves faster than the fluid streams in the inner side of the pipe. In current work the fluid to fluid heat exchange is taken into consideration. Most of the investigations on heat transfer coefficients are for constant wall temperature or constant heat flux. The effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient, effect of cold water flow rate on effectiveness of heat exchanger when hot water mass flow rate is kept constant and effect of hot water flow rate on effectiveness when cold water flow rate kept constant studied and compared for parallel flow, counter flow arrangement of Helical coil and Straight tube heat exchangers. All readings were taken at steady state condition of heat exchanger. The result shows that the heat transfer coefficient is affected by the geometry of the heat exchanger. Helical coil heat exchanger are superior in all aspect studied here.
Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A...IJERA Editor
The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger.
In compact heat exchangers, thermal resistance is generally dominant on the air-side and may
account for 80% or more of the total thermal resistance. The air-side heat transfer surface area is 8 to
10 times larger than the water-side. Any improvement in the heat transfer on air-side therefore
improves the overall performance of the heat exchanger. Due to the high thermal resistance on the
air-side, the optimization of such fins is essential to increase the performance of the heat exchangers
which results in thermal systems enhancement. This helps to reduce CO2 emissions through a
reduction of mass and fuel consumption.
Optimization of louvered fin geometry in such heat exchangers is essential to increase the
heat transfer performance and reduce weight, packaging, and cost requirements. In this study deals
with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies of the interactions between the air flow and
louvered fins which equipped the automotive heat exchangers is carried out. 3D numerical
simulation results is obtained by using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 code and compared with
experimental data. Finally the effect of louver angle and louver pitch geometrical parameters, on
overall thermal hydraulic performances of louvered fins is studied.
Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of inward dimpled tubes with varia...CFD LAB
This paper presents a numerical investigation and assessment of thermal and hydraulic performance of dimpled
tubes of varying topologies at constant heat flux of 10 kW m2 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2300 to
15,000. The performance of the tubes consisting of conical, spherical and ellipsoidal dimples with equivalent
flow volumes were compared using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations. The ellipsoidal
dimples, in comparison to other dimple shapes, demonstrated large increment in heat transfer rate. The variation
in the orientation of the ellipsoidal dimples was examined to further improve thermal and hydraulic performances of the tube. A 45° inclination angle of ellipsoidal dimple, from its major axis, increased the thermohydraulic performance by 58.1% and 20.2% in comparison to smooth tube and 0° ellipsoidal dimpled tube,
respectively. Furthermore, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out to investigate the role geometrical
assistance to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement for the 45° and 90° ellipsoidal dimpled tubes. LES results
revealed a flow channel of connected zones of wakes which maximized fluid-surface contact and therefore
enhanced the thermal performance of the tube. In addition, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor
for all angular topologies of ellipsoidal dimpled tube have been proposed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangula...IJERA Editor
Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In
solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness
elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as
roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on
the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters
unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 300
and 600 is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10-3, Stanton number is 6-
14x10-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 450 apex
angle and least for the 600 plate.
Comparison of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using Theoretical Methods, HTRI, ...IJERA Editor
The aim of this article is to compare the design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with baffles. Baffles used in
shell and tube heat exchanger improve heat transfer and also result in increased pressure drop. Shell and tube
heat exchanger with single segmental baffles was designed with same input parameters using 1) Kern’s
theoretical method; 2) ASPEN simulation software and 3) HTRI simulation software 4) SOLIDWORKS
simulation software. Shell side pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are predicted. The results of all the
three methods indicated the results in a close range. The proven theoretical methods are in good agreement with
the simulation results
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Biodiesel, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption Honge, J...IJMER
Steady heat transfer enhancement has been studied in helically coiled-tube heat exchangers. The outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger contains a helical corrugation which makes a helical rib on the inner side of the tube wall to induce additional swirling motion of fluid particles. Numerical calculations have been carried out to examine different geometrical parameters and the impact of flow and thermal boundary conditions for the heat transfer rate in laminar and transitional flow regimes. Calculated results have been compared to existing empirical formula and experimental tests to investigate the validity of the numerical results in case of common helical tube heat exchanger and additionally results of the numerical computation of corrugated straight tubes for laminar and transition flow have been validated with experimental tests available in the literature. Comparison of the flow and temperature fields in case of common helical tube and the coil with spirally corrugated wall configuration are discussed. Heat exchanger coils with helically corrugated wall configuration show 80–100% increase for the inner side heat transfer rate due to the additionally developed swirling motion while the relative pressure drop is 10–600% larger compared to the common helically coiled heat exchangers. New empirical Co-relation has been proposed for the fully developed inner side heat transfer prediction in case of helically corrugated wall configuration.
Comparative Study and Analysis between Helical Coil and Straight Tube Heat Ex...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to determine the relative advantage of using a helically coiled heat exchanger against a straight tube heat exchanger. It is found that the heat transfer in helical circular tubes is higher as compared to Straight tube due to their shape. Helical coils offer advantageous over straight tubes due to their compactness and increased heat transfer coefficient. The increased heat transfer coefficients are a consequence of the curvature of the coil, which induces centrifugal forces to act on the moving fluid, resulting in the development of secondary flow. The curvature of the coil governs the centrifugal force while the pitch (or helix angle) influences the torsion to which the fluid is subjected to the centrifugal force results in the development of secondary flow. Due to the curvature effect, the fluid streams in the outer side of the pipe moves faster than the fluid streams in the inner side of the pipe. In current work the fluid to fluid heat exchange is taken into consideration. Most of the investigations on heat transfer coefficients are for constant wall temperature or constant heat flux. The effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient, effect of cold water flow rate on effectiveness of heat exchanger when hot water mass flow rate is kept constant and effect of hot water flow rate on effectiveness when cold water flow rate kept constant studied and compared for parallel flow, counter flow arrangement of Helical coil and Straight tube heat exchangers. All readings were taken at steady state condition of heat exchanger. The result shows that the heat transfer coefficient is affected by the geometry of the heat exchanger. Helical coil heat exchanger are superior in all aspect studied here.
Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A...IJERA Editor
The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger.
CFD Analysis of Plate Fin Tube Heat Exchanger for Various Fin InclinationsIJERA Editor
ANSYS Fluent software is used for three dimensional CFD simulations to investigate heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of six different fin angles with plain fin tube heat exchangers. The numerical simulation of the fin tube heat exchanger was performed by using a three dimensional numerical computation technique. Geometry of model is created and meshed by using ANSYS Workbench software. To solve the equation for the fluid flow and heat transfer analysis ANSYS FLUENT was used in the fin-tube heat exchanger. The fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated and result compared for both laminar and turbulent flow models k-epsilon and SST k-omega, with steady state solvers to calculate heat transfer, flow velocity and temperature fields of variable inclined fin angles (Ɵ = 00,100 , 200, 300, 400,500). Model is validate by comparing the simulated value of velocity, temperature and colburn factor with experimental and numerical results investigated by WANG [1] and GHORI KIRAR [10]. Reasonable agreement is found between the simulations and other results, and the ANSYS Fluent software is sufficient for simulating the flow fields in tube fin heat exchanger.
Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Rectangular And Interruped ...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: To increase the heat transfer rate of heat exchanger through fins in compact regionthe louvered interrupted plate fins has designed for increasing fins surface area. FLUENT and Multi-physics software are used in order to develop a 3-D numerical model for investigation ofinterrupted louvered fins. ILF analyzed by CFD tool, on the basis of geometrical parameters the compact relationship for Nusselt Number exhibits enhancement of thermal performance. Fin-plate weight reduces while surface area increases. Air is taken as the working fluid andThe flow regime is assumed to be turbulence, and the mean velocity is such that the Reynolds numbers of interest are above the critical Reynolds number. This study gives a performance data for a rectangular fin in simple and ILF in a plate-fin heat exchanger. In order to evaluate the performance, bulk temperature and combined span wise average Nusselt number (Nusa) are calculated. The heat transferenhancement is observed with the use of different interruption angles of 300 , 400 and 50
An Experimental Research on Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Circular Tube with...IRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- In the literature, internal tube baffles are widely studied. There is a lack of data for baffles mounted on outside of the tubes. This study aims to fill this gap. Therefore, the effect of baffle inclination angles on heat transfer improvement has been studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out for forced convection of air on a circular tube with inclined baffles. Air has been used as the cold fluid. Experimental results for eight different velocities of air flow (2 – 20 m/s) are presented. Pitch between baffles is 12 mm.The baffle inclination angles with respect to the tube axis were 45º, 60º and 80º. Water temperature is fixed as 65 °C. According to the experimental results, the baffles with an inclination angle of 45º enhance the heat transfer over 60º and 80º around 13.7 % and 10.5 %, respectively. However, pressure drop values for 45º and 60º are 18 % higher than pressure drop values for 80º. The empirical correlations of the Nusselt number have also been obtained for each angle.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF AUTOMOTIVE RADIATOR LOUVERED FIN COMPACT HEAT EXCH...IAEME Publication
In compact heat exchangers, thermal resistance is generally dominant on the air-side and may account for 80% or more of the total thermal resistance. The air-side heat transfer surface area is 8 to 10 times larger than the water-side. Any improvement in the heat transfer on air-side therefore
improves the overall performance of the heat exchanger. Due to the high thermal resistance on the air-side, the optimization of such fins is essential to increase the performance of the heat exchangers which results in thermal systems enhancement. This helps to reduce CO2 emissions through a
reduction of mass and fuel consumption.
A Detailed Review on Artificial Roughness Geometries for Optimizing Thermo-Hy...IJMER
It is well known fact that the heat transfer coefficient between the absorber surface of solar air collector & flowing fluid i.e. air can be improved by providing artificial roughness geometry on heat transfer surface (absorber surface).In this way the Thermal efficiency is increased. But at the same time due to roughness geometry pumping power of solar air collector in increased due to fictional losses in duct. So it necessary to examine the shape, size & flow pattern of various roughness elements to get maximum efficiency with minimum frictional losses. Therefore the selection of roughness geometry has to be based on the parameter that takes into account both Thermal & Hydraulic (friction) performance i.e. Thermo-hydraulic Performance of Solar air collector. Number of roughness elements has been investigated on heat transfer & friction characteristics of solar air collectors. In this paper, reviews of various artificial roughness elements used as passive heat transfer techniques, in order to improve Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air collectors is reviewed & presented. Correlations developed by various researchers with the help of experimental results for heat transfer & friction factor for solar air collector by taking different roughness geometries are given & these correlations are useful to predict the Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air collector having roughened ducts. The objective of this paper is also the awareness of effect of various types’ roughness geometries on heat
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
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Heat transfer enhancement_fusion reactor.pdfSandeepRimza1
jet impingement technique with a sectorial extended surface (SES) concept for the modular heliumcooled
divertor has been studied within the framework of the post ITER tokamak, at the Institute for
plasma research (IPR), INDIA. Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to predict the
thermal-hydraulic performance of a finger-type divertor design with proposed SES. Critical thermal
hydraulic parameters, effective heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss have been measured in the
experiment for the reference divertor as well as for a divertor with SES. The experimental mock-ups are
made to full scale respecting Reynolds and Prandtl number similarities. Air is used as the simulant to
represent helium, which is used as the coolant in prototype. A novel heat concentrator has been
developed to simulate the high heat flux, by electrical heating.
EXPERIMENTATION ON COPPER TUBE WITH INTERNAL THREADING FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER P...Journal For Research
Experimental model has been carried out to study the effect of heat transfer, thermal enhancement factor and friction factor in a smooth copper tube and different test copper tube having internal threads of pitch ( p=3.5mm), with water as a working fluid media. For such experimentation purpose Reynolds number were varied in the range of 4000 to 8000. The copper tube (OD=38mm, ID=25mm, t=6.5mm) was subjected to constant and uniform heat flux. The experimental data obtained from test tube having different surface geometry i.e. by internal threading of different pitch (p=3.5mm) were compared with smooth circular copper tube. The effect of different surface geometry of inside copper tube i.e. by threading with varying pitch on thermal enhancement factor, heat transfer and friction factor were presented. In that experimental we also calculate Nusselt number, Prandtl number, pitch like heat transfer parameter. The heat transfer rate for copper tubes having internal threads was found to be much higher than smooth circular copper tube for a given value Reynolds number. So simply by changing the internal surface geometry the performance of circular section copper tube is improved.
Similar to Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers (20)
The effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes on thermalmechanical performanc...journal ijrtem
The new approaches for preparing nanocomposite coating by modificated carbon nanonotubes
(CNTs) and epoxy resin was done in the study. thermal-mechanical performance of nanocomposite coating was
investigated and the results were reported in this paper. The physic-chemical techniques such as Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal
performance of Epoxy nanocomposite coating. The test techniques for mechanical properties of paint coating as
adhesion, hardness, impact resistance and bending strength were employed in the work. The results indicated
that CNTs were dispersed in epoxy coating with only ratio of 0.1 wt% enhanced the Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature of epoxy coating and improved mechanical properties
significantly. Also functionalized CNTs can be reinforced thermal-mechanical of the epoxy coating better than
neat CNTs.
Development Issues and Problems of Selected Agency in Sorsogon, An investigat...journal ijrtem
: The study venture on the developing issues and problems of selected agency in the province of
Sorsogon with an end-view of identifying solution towards achieving effective delivery of services to the
public. The agencies covered by the study are the employers of the students enrolled in Public Administration
512 subject in the graduate school program of the Sorsogon State College 1st semester SY 2016. Guided by a
structured matrix questionnaire and checklist, the class spearheaded by the assigned focal person per
identified respondent-agency conducted a focus group discussion covering sequentially the issues and
problems besetting the organization. It likewise pursued how does it affects the management & performance of
the office and ultimately identifying possible solutions out of the issues and problems. Result revealed that
most pressing problems and issues of the selected agency in the province of Sorsogon covers; (a) understaffed,
(b) poor communication, (c) poor implementation of the policy, and (d) poor performance feedback
mechanism in the system
Positive and negative solutions of a boundary value problem for a fractional ...journal ijrtem
: In this work, we study a boundary value problem for a fractional
q, -difference equation. By
using the monotone iterative technique and lower-upper solution method, we get the existence of positive or
negative solutions under the nonlinear term is local continuity and local monotonicity. The results show that we
can construct two iterative sequences for approximating the solutions
Organic foods refer to products that are grown naturally or produced by methods that comply
with the standards of organic farming. They are not only environmentally friendly, they are also healthy. Many
people believe organic foods are healthier than conventional food. Today, organic foods have become very
popular and everyone wants to know about their benefits. This paper provides a brief introduction on organic
foods and their pros and cons.
Molecular computers are systems in which molecules or macromolecules individually mediate
information processing functions. Molecular computing provides an alternative to computing using silicon
integrated circuits. It aims at developing intelligent computers using biological molecules as computational
devices. It is a promising means of unconventional computation owing to its capability for massive parallelism.
It offers to augment digital computing with biology-like capabilities. This paper provides a brief introduction to
molecular computing.
Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and deployment of Internet technologies
in manufacturing. This includes using machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments to help
manufacturers implement increased automation, improved communication and process monitoring. This trend
of Industry 4.0 (sometimes referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution) affects most processes and people
throughout society. This paper provides a brief introduction to Industry 4.0.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry
Rural Livelihood and Food Security: Insights from Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari Di...journal ijrtem
Food security is the foremost need of every human society. It is a fundamental right and
government responsibility but still food insecurity is prevalent in rural areas of least developed nations. To cope
with food insecurity, undertaking diverse income generating activities is common as well as key strategy adopted
by rural people. The objective of this study is to assess rural livelihood and food security status of a remote island
named Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari district. A random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 40
rural household heads using semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used for analyzing. The
findings revealed that the food security situation of the Tapu is insecure. Most basic infrastructures and social
services needed for people livelihood such as road, electricity sufficient food availability, education, healthcare,
sanitation, etc. were found to be extremely poor. Most of the households are small scale farmers involving
themselves in diverse livelihood activities which are mostly temporary, low-skilled and low paying. However,
people are fulfilling their food needs at every cost but are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. Also, their lives
security is equally vulnerable because of disastrous Koshi River flooding which occurs every year in the Tapu.
The findings therefore critically suggest that food security of remote and vulnerable human settlements should be
at top priority in policy formulation and implementation level. The study also recommends a need for an in-depth
research for making evidence based policy interventions for improvement of diversify rural livelihood along with
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Augmented Tourism: Definitions and Design Principlesjournal ijrtem
After designing and implementing several iterations of implantations of augmented reality(AR) in
tourism, this paper takes a deep look into design principles and implementation strategies of using AR at
destination tourism settings. The study looks to define augmented tourism from past implementations as well as
several cases uses designed and implemented for tourism. The discussion leads to formation of frameworks and
best practices for AR as well as virtual reality(VR) to be used in tourism settings. Some main affordances include
guest autonomy, customized experiences, visitor data collection and increased electronic word-of-mouth
generation for promotion purposes. Some challenges found include the need for high levels of technology
infrastructure, low adoption rates or ‘buy-in’ rates, high levels of calibration and customization, and the need for
maintenance and support services. Some suggestions are given as to how to leverage the affordances and meet
the challenges to implementing AR for tourism
A study on financial aspect of supply chain management journal ijrtem
The more common approaches used in the SCM consider only the physical logistic operations
and ignore the financial aspects of the supply chain. The main objective to incorporate financial aspects in
supply chain management is to strengthen managerial decisions concerning financial flows in supply chains,
while empirical knowledge about financial supply chain management (FSCM) is in its early stages. This paper
presents a model for FSCM which financial planning in addition to operation planning is decided in it. The
main contribution of this paper is to define two approaches for Financial Supply Chain Management and to
compare them. This financial approaches are: Traditional financial approach and new financial approach.
Traditional financial approach integrates physical goods flows and financial flows. New financial approach
considers in making decisions other financial indicators such as market to book value, liquidity ratios, capital
structure ratios, and return on equity, sales margin, turnover ratios and stock security ratios, among others.
Moreover, the new approach applies the change in equity instead of the traditional approach measures of profit
as the objective function to be maximized in the presented model. To show the attributes of the presented
approaches, the results of the new approach and the traditional approach is compared. The findings indicate
that the traditional approach leads to lower change in equity compared to the financial approach. Also, the
results clearly reveal the better improvement of using the new approach over the traditional approach, and
convince the decision makers to take advantage of the new approach
Existence results for fractional q-differential equations with integral and m...journal ijrtem
This paper concerns a new kind of fractional q-differential equation of arbitrary order by
combining a multi-point boundary condition with an integral boundary condition. By solving the equation which
is equivalent to the problem we are going to investigate, the Green’s functions are obtained. By defining a
continuous operator on a Banach space and taking advantage of the cone theory and some fixed-point theorems,
the existence of multiple positive solutions for the BVPs is proved based on some properties of Green’s functions
and under the circumstance that the continuous functions f satisfy certain hypothesis. Finally, examples are
provided to illustrate the results.
The following Project shows the benefits of a research established into a multi-products
warehouse belongs to an automotive industry supplier. The main goal was applied a tool recognizing the rules
for distribution and material storage. Once the research was completed, the benefits were, the idle times
reduction per hours/week by the two initial processes. The politics for storage assignment and location, propose
a system to improve the space into this areain order to avoid material management and flow issues. It is
important to mention, the system proposed could be applied into warehouses with storage size and space
restricted by sorting area, also different material types, production settings and physical specifications for
which set warehouses with traditional management of distribution without slack, involves lack of materials,
pieces without records, incorrect location assigned, stock error.
Study of desalination processes of seawater from the desalination plant of La...journal ijrtem
: The use of water for food purposes requires excellent physicochemical quality. To contribute to
the control of water quality. Water treated by reverse osmosis is aggressive and demineralize can not be used
directly as a source of drinking water. The objective of this work is to study, physics-chemical analyzes of raw
water, pretreated osmosis and treated (permeate) and produced water (reservoir) at the desalination plant of
seawater Laayoune (SDL), located in southern Morocco. For this, we have followed several qualitative
parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity.
Effect of Cash Management on The Financial Performance of Cooperative Banks i...journal ijrtem
This paper analyses the effect of cash management on the financial performance of cooperatives
banks in Rwanda. A descriptive research design was used. The population comprised of 148 employees of ZIGMA
CSS from which a sample of 108 employees was determined using Solvirn and Yemen’s formula. Data was
collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and document analysis. Data was
presented using frequency tables from which analysis was made. A multi regression analysis was used to analyse
relationship between the variables. The results from the survey revealed that ZIGMA CSS uses various cash
management techniques in the cash management. The results further revealed a strong relationship between cash
management and financial performance of ZIGMA CSS. The study concludes that cash management is a key tool
in the financial management of the banks since cash forms the biggest asset of the bank. Cooperatives banks
should ensure that they develop policies in effective cash management.
Technical expertise on the cause of engine failure of the Mitsubishi Pajero S...journal ijrtem
The article concerns the case of the damage to the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport engine and the
methodology a technical expert applied to identify a direct cause of failure. The engine failure occurred while a
vehicle was being repaired to eliminate air conditioning malfunction and engine overheating. When repairing, it
was necessary to replace a cylinder head and the pistons were checked removing the pully from a crank shaft.
After the repair had been completed and after 16-day vehicle operation, engine timing belts got damaged. To
eliminate this malfunction, damaged belts were replaced. Thirty (30) days after the vehicle had been put into
operation, emergency engine failure occurred, and a technical expert was called upon to assess the quality of the
repairs having been performed. The article describes the procedures and methodology a technical expert applied.
In the conclusion, the findings are stated. To determine the cause, a vehicle was on the car service station
premises, where a technical expert was present and according to his instructions, diagnostic and subsequent
disassembly works have been done. The procedure of evaluating the key characteristics on individual parts, their
display, and the resulting evaluation are described.
Clustering based Time Slot Assignment Protocol for Improving Performance in U...journal ijrtem
Recently, numerous approaches have been proposed for designing medium access control (MAC)
in underwater acoustic networks (UANs). Some of those works tried to adapt MAC protocols proposed for
terrestrial networks. However, unique environmental characteristics of UANs make the MAC protocols hard to be
used in the UANs and degrade network performance. In order to improve network performance, COD-TS MAC
protocol was proposed. COD-TS focuses on both single hop and multi-hop mode and utilizes CDMA for
exchanging schedule information between cluster heads. COD-TS has shortcomings such as collisions, additional
energy consumption by exchanging schedule information and near-far effect of CDMA. To overcome above
shortcomings, we propose a clustering-based time slot assignment protocol. In the proposed protocol, nodes are
clustered, and each cluster head performs two-hop neighbor cluster discovery operation. And then, a cluster head
obtains its own relative position information. Finally, the cluster head assigns its own time slot for data
transmission based on the information. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has always better
performance compared to the COD-TS.
Design and Implementation of Smart Bell Notification System using IoT journal ijrtem
Smart phones have become part of our daily life. People using smart phones have increased
rapidly. The proposed paper is to provide a security system that combines the functions of smart phone and home
network system. It enables the users to check the image of the visitor who is present at the door. It also saves all
the images in their drive. We send an alert message to the Owner whenever the doorbell is pressed. Furthermore,
the owner can call to the visitor with the help of our app. We are also providing a link in the SMS sent so that it
redirects the user to the app
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...journal ijrtem
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
The case of a cyclist and tractor traffic accident journal ijrtem
When assessing the cause of a traffic accident, it is also necessary for the technical expert to
take into account the real influences that affect individual participants. This is especially important for accidents
in which one of the participants is cyclist. Technical expert must consider all the circumstances necessary to
assess the cyclist´s behavior. Negligible is not even the age of a cyclist, since in the case of a child or an old man
the driver overtaking bicycle should take this into consideration. The article deals with case of traffic accident
between tractor with the trailer and a bicycle which was riding by cyclist at the age of 80. Apart from the described
procedure by expert in the calculations, the influences on participants' behavior are also discussed
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Gen AI Study Jams _ For the GDSC Leads in India.pdf
Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
1. Invention Journal of Research Technology in Engineering & Management (IJRTEM) ISSN: 2455-3689
www.ijrtem.com ǁ Volume 1 ǁ Issue 7 ǁ
| Volume 1 | Issue 7 | www.ijrtem.com | 6 |
Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube
Heat Exchangers
Mahendra J. Sable
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon, 425001, India
ABSTRACT: Most of the engineering problems require high performance heat transfer components with progressively less weight,
volumes, accommodating shapes and costs. Air cooled heat exchangers are subjected to air on outer side of heat exchanger surface on
in heat recovery systems like economizers gases are subjected on one side of tube surface. On air or gas side heat transfer coefficient
is less. Extended surface (fins) are one of the next exchanging devices that are employed extensively to increase heat transfer rates
from tubular heat exchangers. The rate of heat transfer depends on the surface area of fin available for exchanging the heat transfer
rate from the primary surface of cylindrical shape. Present study focuses on enhancement of heat transfer by using both circular and
elliptical type of fins. The present paper attempts to examine trend of heat transfer coefficient experimentally and by using CFD
software for various types of elliptical fins with i) varying elliptical ratio, ii) changing orientation of mounting of heat exchanger tube
with elliptical fins, iii) varying spacing or fin density.
KEY WORDS: Natural convection, Heat transfer enhancements, Elliptical fin, Fin orientation, Fin density.
INTRODUCTION
The majority of passive techniques employ special surface geometry or fluid additives for enhancement of heat transfer without direct
application of external power. Whenever it is difficult to increase the rate of heat transfer either by increasing heat transfer coefficient
or by increasing the temperature difference between the surfaces and surrounding fluid, the fins are commonly used. Fin and tube heat
exchangers are widely used to transfer heat between liquid and gas. Examples include condensers and evaporators in HVAC & R
applications (heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration, water and oil cooling in vehicles or process plants etc. The
dominant heat transfer resistance (up to 85% of the total thermal resistance) in these process is located on the gas side due to the lower
thermal conductivity of the gas. In order to improve the heat transfer rate the exterior surface area is increased by adding fins. The
disadvantage of adding fins is that the gas side frictional pressure drop increases.
N. Nagarani et al.[3] has analyzed the heat transfer rate and efficiency for circular and elliptical annular fins for different
environmental conditions.. Elliptical fin efficiency is more than circular fin. If space restriction is there along one particular direction
while the perpendicular direction is relatively unrestricted elliptical fins could be a good choice. He stated the advantages of elliptical
fin as (i)In cross flow, the aerodynamically shaped tubes will reduce the pressure drop of the external fluid to a great extent in the sub
critical range. S. R. MCILWAIN [4] in his study compared heat transfer around a single serrated finned tube and a plain finned tube.
He stated that with comparable bundle geometry, serrated fin finned tube heat exchangers transfer more heat than plain finned ones.
H. Huisseune and C. T’Joen [5], in there study experimentally determined the heat transfer and friction correlation of a single row heat
exchanger with helically finned tubes. The transversal tube pitch was parametrically varied. Gulay Yakar and Rasim Karabacak [6],
studied the effects of holes placed on perforated finned heat exchangers at different angles on the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers. A.
Nuntaphan , T. Kiatsiriroat , C.C. Wang [7], in their experimental work, studied heat transfer and friction characteristics of crimped
spiral finned heat exchangers with dehumidification using forced convection . Their study experimentally examines the air-side
performance of a total of 10 cross flow heat exchangers having crimped spiral configurations under the dehumidification. The effect of
tube diameter, fin spacing, fin height, transverse tube pitch, and tube arrangements are examined. Rene Hofmann, Friedrich Frasz,
Karl Ponweiser [8],in their study compared heat transfer and pressure drop in forced convection of different shaped fins on tube heat
exchangers. Three different finned-tube shapes were investigated. The I-shaped helical, U-shaped helical and I-shaped serrated fins.
They found that the heat transfer capacity of U-shaped finned-tube is better than that of an I-shaped finned-tube. The comparison of
the serrated and solid finned tubes shows, the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient for serrated finned tube rows in staggered
arrangement is greater than that for the solid tube bundle. Gregory J. Zdaniuk, Louay M. Chamra, Pedro J. Mago [9],in their
experimental work determined the performance of heat exchanger with inside helical fins at different helix angles between 25° and
48° and at different fin height to diameter ratios between 0.0199 and 0.0327. M.J.Sable, S.K.Bhor[10], performed computational
analysis for enhancement of natural convection heat transfer on vertical heated plate by multiple V-fin array. They used CFD analysis
because it eliminates the cost associated with experimental setups for different geometries of fins and varying variables such as fin
height, thickness, fin spacing which saves time and cost of experimentation.
Thus in the context of above work, it was decided to determine heat transfer performance of elliptical fins for varying elliptical ratios
and for changing orientations and fin spacing’s, both experimentally and using CFD analysis which has not been attempted so far.
2. Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
| Volume 1 | Issue 7 | www.ijrtem.com | 7 |
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Figure - 1 show the tube with elliptical fins. The experimental set up is as shown in the Figure - 2. The annular circular and elliptical
fin made of steel is vertically mounted on the circular tube. The various dimensions are taken from reference(3).The circular fins have
the outer diameter of 99mm ,thickness 1mm and the space between the fin is 8mm . The horizontal circular tube is placed on two
supports which is 98 mm above the experimental table to avoid ground effect. Length, diameter and thickness on the horizontal
circular pipe made of steel are 100mm,40mm and 3mm. Electrical heating coil with 0.5 kW capacity is kept inside the tube. Size of
the box is 500x300x300mm . The process is done with free convection. The temperature of air entering test specimen is measured as
the ambient temperature and test fin temperatures are measured using K type thermocouples at the base and fin tip. The temperatures
of the circular tube at inlet and outlet are measured using a thermocouple.
For elliptical fin the major and minor axis ratio are 2.0 & 2.5 with same circular tube dimension. Surface area of both fin are equal.
The readings are taken for circular and elliptical fins with two types of elliptical ratios. For elliptical finned tube readings are taken for
two orientations i.e. major axis facing vertical and horizontal.
. Fig1: Elliptical Fin Tube Fig.2: Experimental setup
The following formulas are used used to calculate heat transfer coefficient,
Actual heat input : Q = IV
Surface area for circular fin tube : A = 2π n(ro
2
- ri
2
) + πdL
Surface area for elliptical fin tube : A = 2π n(ab- ri
2
) + πdL
Heat transfer coefficient : h = Q/ A. ( Ts – Tatm)
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS
Finite numbers of fins with thickness1mm are assumed and length of 100mm is assumed. A domain has to be built around the fin to
study mass flow and thus the heat flow from the fin array, because the area of interest is the outside of fin array, which is the interface
between the air and fin surface. Thus, the domain consists of air. Domain size is selected ensuring that the temperature changes at
domain boundaries are negligible and the conditions can be taken as atmospheric conditions. This simplifies the case to a great extent.
Figure 3 shows the computational domain selected for the purpose of analysis. As per post processing outcome, the assumed domain
size is justified.
Fig. 3 Solid Model from Pro-e Fig. 4 Meshing of Air domain in ICEM-CFD
3. Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
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Fig. 5 Meshing of Solid domain Fig. 6 Prism Mesh - Fluid domain in ICEM-CFD
Fig. 7 Boundary conditions definition in CFX - pre Fig. 8 Temperature Contour on Elliptical Fin surface
The geometric model created in Pro-E is as shown in Figure 3 and exported to ANSYS ICEM-CFD. The meshing scheme used for
meshing the geometry is tetrahedral mesh. As trend of heat transfer co-efficient is to be examined, prism mesh is used for interface on
fluid side. Mesh size of solid domain is same as prism mesh size of fluid domain. Air domain is assumed inside tube which is the
place for heat input whose mesh size is same as solid domain. The air, solid and fluid domain mesh is as shown in Figure -4, Figure-5
and Figure -6 respectively.
The mesh file was then imported into ANSYS CFX-preprocessing for defining boundary conditions as shown in Figure -7.
Computational analysis involves the application of heat transfer and fluid dynamics principles. It involves three steps i.e. modeling,
preprocessing and post processing. The results of CFX – postprocessing are as shown in Figure - 8 to Figure – 10.
Fig. 9 Temp. contour for circular fin Fig.10 Velocity Vector-CFX-post Fig 11 velocity streamline
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The surface area of fins is maintained same as that of circular fin for all types of elliptical fins. Also total surface
area of fins for all types of fin density i.e. fin spacing is maintained same by changing outer diameter of fin. The
graphs of heat transfer coefficient is plotted for all types of elliptical fins for both experimental and CFD analysis.
For first case major axis of elliptical fins is kept vertical and in second case is kept horizontal. In another study by
using CFD analysis effect of fin spacing or fin pitch is determined by changing fin density of circular fins over
same length of tube. The results are as shown in following figures.
4. Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
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CFD Results:
Fig. 12: Variation of HTC Vs Ratio of major to minor axis (a/b) of Elliptical fin
Fig.13: Variation of Tube surface temp.(Ts) & Fin Fig.14: Variation of Tube surface temp.(Ts) & Fin
Surface temp.(TF) Vs Elliptical ratio (a/b) Surface temp.(TF) Vs Elliptical ratio (a/b)
for Vertical orientation. for Horizontal orientation
.
Fig 15. Variation of HTC Vs Fin Density i.e. Fin
spacing for Circular fins.
Fig.16: Variation of Tube surface temp.(Ts) & Fin surface
Temp.( TF ) Vs Fin Density for Circular fins
Experimental Results:
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
1 1.5 2 2.5 3heattransfercoeff.
W/m2
Fin Ratio ( a/b )
Ver.
Hor
330
335
340
345
350
355
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
TemperatureK
Elliptical ratio (a/b)
TS
TF
332
334
336
338
340
342
344
346
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
TemperatureK
Elliptical ratio (a/b)
TS
TF
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
12(8.0)
16(5.3)
18(4.7)
19(4.5)
20(4.2)
21(4.0)
22(3.5)
28(2.7)
Heattransfercoeff.
W/m2k
Fin Density ( spacing)
Heat transfer coeff.(h) Vs Fin
Density(spacing)
Series2 338
340
342
344
346
12 16 18 19 20 21 22 28
TemperatureK
Fin Density ( Fin Spacing)
TS
TF
4
5
6
7
8
30 40 50 55
Heattransfercoeff.
W/m2K
Heat Input ( W)
a/b=1
a/b=2
a/b=2.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
30 40 50 55
Heattransfer
coeff.(h)W/m2K
Heat input(W)
a/b=1
a/b=2
a/b=2.5
5. Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
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Fig. 17: Variation of HTC Vs Fin ratio (a/b) of
Elliptical fins in Vertical orientation
Fig. 18: Variation of HTC Vs Fin ratio (a/b) of Elliptical
fins in Horizontal orientation
From Figure-9, it is seen that, for circular fin the isotherms are radically symmetrical, fin surface area temperature gradually reduces
only along it’s radial direction so heat transfer is equal in all directions. From Figure-8, it is observed that, for elliptical fins the radial
geometry of temperature field disappears slightly away from the tube wall.
It is observed from temperature contours of all types of elliptical fins oriented in any direction and for circular fins, the temperature
field is symmetric about vertical axis of fins and about horizontal axis it is not symmetric. This is because in natural convection the
flow regime is upwards, that is why it is seen that the surface temperature in upper part of fins is more than the lower one.
CFD analysis for elliptical fins with different elliptical ratios (Figure-12) is carried out. Temperature difference plays a vital role in
heat transfer rate. As shown in Figure-12, it is observed that elliptical fins have somewhat higher heat transfer coefficient (HTC) than
circular one for fins of small elliptical ratio of major axis to minor axis(a/b) only when major axis is horizontally oriented. This is
because as we know that the boundary layer thickness in case of vertical plate, is increasing upwards and when minor axis is vertical,
the height of vertical plate is less and therefore the largest thickness of boundary layer developed is less and therefore there will be no
or less interference of boundary layers developed along adjacent fins. But when we go for higher elliptical ratios (a/b=3) as shown in
fig.12, the heat transfer coefficient again decreases. This is because, the effective area along minor axis is reduced as minor axis radius
is very small, though boundary layer interference is very less as compared to small a/b ratio fins.
When major axis of elliptical fins is vertically oriented, boundary layer thickness developed will be larger, which results in reduction
in heat transfer rate.
From Figure-13 and Figure-14, it is observed that the temperature difference between surface temperature of tube (TS) and average fin
surface temperature (TF) goes on increasing as elliptical ratio (a/b) of fin increases. As temperature difference between tube surface
and fin surface increases, heat transfer rate decreases,(Figure-12 to 14).
Figure-15 and Figure-16 shows the effect of fin density i.e. fin spacing on heat transfer rate. It is observed from Figure-15 that heat
transfer coefficient is higher when fin density is near 20 fins over the same tube length of 110mm. i.e. when fin spacing is in the range
of 4mm to 4.5mm. when fin density is less than 20 i.e. spacing higher than this range, effective area available for heat transfer is less
resulting in reduction in heat transfer. When fin density is increased more than 20 fins i.e. fin spacing is reduced than the above
observed range, though effective area available for heat transfer is more but there might be more interference of boundary layers
developed which results in reduction in heat transfer rate.
Experimental results as shown in Figure-18, also explains that elliptical fins having small elliptical ratio(a/b) when mounted as major
axis orientating horizontally, gives better heat transfer rate even somewhat better than circular one. But when major axis is oriented
vertically, it gives poor heat transfer rate for all elliptical ratio fins as shown in Figure-17.
CONCLUSION
1. It is observed both by experimental and CFD analysis that for elliptical fins having ratio of major axis to minor axis in the range of
1.5 to 2 and when major axis of fin is oriented parallel to horizontal, gives about 5-6% greater Heat Transfer Coefficient ( HTC)
than the circular one of same surface area.
2. It is clear from Figure -13 and Figure -14 that as ratio of major axis to minor axis of elliptical fin increases, the difference between
tube surface temperature and average temperature of fin surface increases which results in reduction in HTC.
3. HTC decreases with increase in heat flux, i.e. HTC is inversely proportional to heat flux. This puts an upper limit on heat
flux.Fig.17 and fig.18.
4. HTC is greater when fin density is near about 20 i.e. fin spacing is near about in the range of 4 - 4.5mm.
For reduction in fin spacing than the above range, HTC goes on decreasing.Fig.15.
5. HTC is greater with fin spacing in optimum range i.e. in the range of 4 - 4.5mm with small difference in tube surface temperature
and average fin surface temperature and with less interference of adjacent boundary layers. Fig.15 and fig.16.
NOMENCLATURE:
h = Heat transfer coefficient,
A = Total convective surface area,
r0 = Outer radius of circular fin,
ri = Outer radius of circular fin,
a = Semi-major diameter of elliptical fin,
b = Semi-minor diameter of elliptical fin,
d = Outer diameter of tube = 2 ri
6. Analysis of Natural Convention Heat Transfer Enhancement in Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
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L = Length of tube.
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