This document discusses sustainable waste management systems in higher education institutions. It begins by noting that universities generate significant waste volumes and impacts analogous to large industries. A review of global data found recyclable and biodegradable wastes account for 45-90% of university waste streams. Specifically in the Philippines, recoverable wastes from faculty rooms alone could amount to 75,968 kg per day. The document advocates implementing sustainable waste management through practices like waste audits, partnerships with recycling organizations, and promoting sustainable consumption culture on campus. Adopting such systems can help universities achieve sustainability goals like those outlined in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.

1. Designing Sustainable
Consumption and Production
Systems in Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs): The Case of
Solid Waste Management
Danesto B. Anacio
PhD Candidate, Environmental Science
School of Environmental Science and Management (SESAM)
University of the Philippines Los Banos

2. Waste Generation in HEIs
• Analogous to the operation of large scale industries, business
establishments and health care facilities (Alshuwaikhat and Abubakar,
2008)
• Significant environmental impacts arise from volume and variability of
materials required to support university operations
• Universities need to implement sustainable waste management
systems

3. Waste Generation in HEIs: A Review of Global
Data
• Recyclable wastes
= 45% (2004)
= 53% (2002)
= 70% (2010),
Prince George
campus
= 65% (2008)
Mexicali 1 campus
= 67% (2006)
= 79% (2012)

4. Waste Generation in HEIs: A Review of Global
Data
• Biodegradable Wastes
= 26.29% (2012)
University College of Lands
and Architectural Studies
Water Resources Institute
= 71-86% (2002)
= 45.30% (2012)
= 45.83% (2016)

5. Waste Generation in HEIs: Philippines
Recoverable wastes
(recyclables, biodegradables)
= ~90% (2012)
Focus on faculty rooms (rooms used
primarily by, or occupied by a group
of teaching personnel)

6. PAPERS PLASTICS GLASSES
FOOD
WASTE
BIODEGRADABLE TEXTILE
RESIDUAL
WASTES
Total
UB 14% 23% 2% 27% 28% 0% 6% 100%
SLU 12% 14% 2% 17% 45% 0% 10% 100%
UC 46% 14% 1% 7% 20% 1% 11% 100%

7. Recyclable Item Estimated Factory Price ($/kg)
(except ink cartridges) in increasing order
Glass bottles $0.01 to $0.07
Assorted papers $0.05
Corrugated carton $0.07
Glass cullet $0.12
Tin can $0.12
Old newspaper $0.14
Used white paper $0.21
GI sheet $0.23
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) $0.23
Car battery $0.27
Steel and Iron (ordinary) $0.28 to $0.33
High density polyethylene (HDPE) $0.30
Printer casing plastics $0.30
PET bottles w/ caps and labels $0.35
Polyethylene (PET) bottles w/o caps and labels $0.47
Stainless Steel $1.63
Ink cartridges $2.33 to $7.00 per piece
Copper wire (reddish) $8.14
Copper wire (yellowish-red) $13.04
Copper wire (yellowish in thin strands) $14.35
Note: ($1.00 = P43.00, 2011)

8. Monetizing recyclable wastes in Philippine
HEIs
• $537.66 (monetary equivalent of recoverable wastes per campus in a
given school year)
• Specifically from faculty rooms only
• 2,374 HEI campuses in the Philippines (CHED, 2014)
• 25.7 personnel per faculty room
• 1.6 kg per day per room
• 75,968 kg/day of solid wastes from Philippine HEI faculty rooms alone

9. Implementing sustainability through sound
SWM systems in HEIs
• Various universities already on the right track
• Harvard Sustainability Plan (2014)
• Boston University (no date) – Plans for waste management
• Princeton University (no date) - Waste reduction efforts
• Appalachian State University (2012). “Waste Reduction Strategic Plan: Working
toward a Zero Waste Campus”
• Wake Forest University (no date). Waste Reduction and Recycling efforts
• Rutgers University (no date). “Green Purchasing”
• Arizona State University (no date). “ASU Roadmap to Zero Waste”
• Swansea University (2010, 2014). “Swansea Carbon Management Plan 2010-2020”;
Plan on reducing food wastes
• Chinese University of Hong Kong (no date). “Sustainability at CUHK: Waste
Reduction”
• University of Queensland (2010). “UQ Waste Minimisation Plan”

10. Creating Sustainable Consumption and
Production Patterns in the Campus
• Identify waste characteristics according to source, type, quantity, etc.
http://www.omicsonline.org/journal-highlight-images/solid-waste.jpg
http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module15/images/trashcompilation.gif
https://www.deanza.edu/mlc/images/mlc-2ndfloorlayout.jpg

11. Creating Sustainable Consumption and
Production Patterns in the Campus
• Recognize other institutions for promoting sustainable consumption
and production patterns
• The Talloires Declaration
• American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment
• Baltic 21
• International Sustainable Campus Network (ISCN)
• Global Higher Education Sustainability Partnership (GHESP)
• COPERNICUS Alliance (European Network of Higher Education Institutions)
• Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education
(AASHE)
• GUPES
• Government institutions, NGOs, For-Profits

12. Creating Sustainable Consumption and
Production Patterns in the Campus
• Recognize stakeholders, participants and elements of the production-
consumption system

13. Creating Sustainable Consumption and
Production Patterns in the Campus
• Recognize CULTURE of stakeholders, participants and elements of the
production-consumption system
CULTURE operationally links everything
Values
Attitudes
Environmental Settings (Culture-Environment
Nexus)
Beliefs
Worldviews

14. Creating Sustainable Consumption and Production
Patterns in the Campus: ASEAN Case
• (1) ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, (2) the ASEAN
Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint, (3) the Second IAl Work Plan
(2009-2015), and the (4) ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint
• Trans-Pacific Partnership
• Existing recycling companies in ASEAN and ASEAN-bordering nations
• Market for recoverable materials, or serve as partners for recycling
initiatives

15. Ensuring the Sustainability of the University
Consumption-Production Loop: Concluding
Thoughts
• Action in the age of SDGs
• 10-Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production
(10YFP)
• Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
• Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and
reuse
• Eight other related conditions to fulfil by 2030
• Systems thinking, especially involving children in sustainability
practices of the campus (cultural influence within and outside the
university, entire educational system)
• Developing partnerships between; manufacturers, governments, and
consumers

16. Metal encasement for collecting recyclable PET and
other plastic bottles in De La Salle University
Dasmariñas (Photo courtesy of Ms. Meycel Amarille).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
University of the Philippines (UP) System
and UP Los Banos (UPLB)
School of Environmental Science and
Management (SESAM)
Graduate School, UPLB
Rudi W. Pretorius
Anonymous reviewers of manuscript
(source of this presentation)
Walter Leal and Julie Newman for Visa
support